was a 28-volume compilation of articles by the philosophes.

The French philosophes

were literate intellectuals who used reason and rationality

In the seventeenth century the prominence of the Dutch Republic as a great power

was supported by economic prosperity with overseas trade.

reaffirmed Catholic beliefs against Protestantism.

The Reformation affected the development of education in Europe by

expanding public access to primary and secondary schools.

Descartes believed that the world could be understood by

the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking.

Adam Smith believed that government

should not interfere in people’s economic decisions

William Harvey’s On the Motion of the Heart and Blood refuted the ideas of

the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood

Which of the following best characterizes the popular religion on the eve of the Reformation?

People sought salvation through a variety of means.

The Renaissance popes did all of the following except

attempt to return to the papacy to more humble times.

Copernicus’s major book was titled

On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.

The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to

the emergence of the “science of man”

The Rococo artist Antoine Watteau emphasized

the pleasure and joy of aristocratic life

By the end of the eighteenth century

the death penalty was abolished in western Europe

Science became an intergral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century because

it offered a new means to make profits and maintain society.

European intellectual life in the eighteenth century was marked by

the emergence of secularization and natural laws

The Italian Renaissance was primarily

a recovery of ideas from classical antiquity and culture.

Enlightenment thinkers can be understood as secularists because they strongly recommended

the application of the scientific method to human life.

Which of the following is not true of Northern Renaissance artists?

They valued the secular human form as the primary subject.

Which comment best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution on Western Civilization?

It represented cooperation in the pursuit of new knowledge

James I of England alienated most of the members of Parliament by

insisting on his right to govern through divine right

Deism is the belief that

God created the universe but does not actively run it

The witchcraft hysteria began to subside for all of the following reasons except

laws recognizing the equality of women in European society.

Among other things, the Petition of Right

maintained the King could pass no tax without Parliament.

High Culture in eighteenth century Europe was characterized by the

enormous impact of the publishing industry

The “Glorious Revolution” in 1688 in England was significant for

bloodlessly deposing James II in favor of William of Orange.

The development of printing in the fifteenth century

ensured that literacy and new knowledge would spread.

Which of the following is not true of the ideas of Copernicus?

They resulted in a system less complicated than Ptolemy's .

Luther's break with the church (1517) was prompted by

widespread sale of indulgences by preaching monks.

The Baroque-Rococo artistic style of the eighteenth century was

evident in the masterpieces of Balthasar Neumann

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Western Civilization Mid-Term Review

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Western Civilization Mid-Term Final Review

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Questions 86

Answers

1
Voltaire was best known for his criticism of
Freedom of Speech
Religious tolerance
Religious intolerance
the Age of Enlightenment
2
For Luther, the source of truth and the only reliable path of faith, besides justification, was
The Bible
The Divine Comedy
The Iliad
Papal decrees
3
Carnival was celebrated in the weeks leading up to
Christmas
Jour De Fete
Lent
Halloween
4
Peter the Great’s ambition was to make Russia more like
North Korea
China
Western Europe
The Middle East
5
The Encyclopedia
was a 28-volume compilation of articles by the philosophes.
was supported by the Roman Catholic Church
was the brainchild of Martin Luther and John Calvin.
made Amazon billions in 1997.
6
The French philosophes
were hard nosed businessmen who became millionaires.
were uneducated priests
were literate intellectuals who used reason and rationality
simple peasants who wanted to make Western society stupid.
7
The Byzantine Empire was finally destroyed in 1453 by the:
Seljuk Turks
Ottoman Turks
Romans
Greeks
8
The strongest statement and vindication of women’s rights during the Enlightenment was made by
Mary Astell
Mary Wollstonecraft
Maria Cavendish
Beatrice Williams
9
In the seventeenth century the prominence of the Dutch Republic as a great power
was supported by the Roman Catholic Church and Philip II.
was supported by Louis XIV of France.
was supported by a massive army that conquered Europe.
was supported by economic prosperity with overseas trade.
10
The Council of Trent
ended the office of the papacy
developed new Catholic beliefs
reaffirmed traditional Protestant beliefs.
reaffirmed Catholic beliefs against Protestantism.
11
The Reformation affected the development of education in Europe by
allowing the Catholic church to maintain its control.
denying access to education
None of the choices are correct.
expanding public access to primary and secondary schools.
12
Descartes believed that the world could be understood by
mystical experiences.
interpreting dreams and applying that knowledge to our lives
the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking.
quiet contemplation and following of the Scriptures.
13
Adam Smith believed that government
believed in that lending interest to humans was sinful.
should not interfere in people’s economic decisions
should directly control all aspects of the economy.
founded the Communist International Party
14
William Harvey’s On the Motion of the Heart and Blood refuted the ideas of
None of the choices are correct
the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood
blood circulates throughout the body.
the heart as the beginning point of the circulation of blood
15
Cosmological views of the Middle Ages held that ________was the center of the universe?
The Earth
McDonald's
Mars
The Sun
16
The overall effect of the Scientific Revolution on the querelles des femmes was to generate
facts about women's superioty
None of the choices are correct.
women's equality
facts about male superioty
17
The recognized capital of the Enlightenment was
London
Paris
Berlin
Madrid
18
Which of the following best characterizes the popular religion on the eve of the Reformation?
People sought salvation through a variety of means.
None of the choices are correct
People had rejected religion in favor of secular humanism.
Religion was in decline
19
The Renaissance popes did all of the following except
patronize Renaissance culture.
None of the choices are correct
involve themselves in war.
attempt to return to the papacy to more humble times.
20
Copernicus’s major book was titled
Principia
Novum Organum
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood.
21
Which of the following was a means by which Luther's ideas were spread?
Pamphlets illustrated with woodcuts.
All of the above
His translation of the New Testament into German.
Sermons.
22
The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to
scientific theism
intellectual stagnation
an abandonment of the scientific method
the emergence of the “science of man”
23
The painter of Rome’s Sistine Chapel ceiling was
Da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo
Dante
24
The Rococo artist Antoine Watteau emphasized
the simplicity of rural life
the piety of the French clergy
the pleasure and joy of aristocratic life
the majesty of French kings
25
By the end of the eighteenth century
criminal punishments became more cruel.
the death penalty was abolished in western Europe
None of the choices are correct
corporal and capital punishment were on the decline
26
Science became an intergral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century because
it offered a new means to make profits and maintain society.
allowed people to return to medieval society
None of the choices are correct
allow communist to grow and spread throughout society.
27
European intellectual life in the eighteenth century was marked by
the emergence of secularization and natural laws
sophism and the mockery of past traditions
the search for a subway sandwich wrap
None of the choices are correct
28
The Italian Renaissance was primarily
A return to the Dark Ages
None of the choices are correct
the beginning of the Age of Enlightenment
a recovery of ideas from classical antiquity and culture.
29
The philosopher who proclaimed the motto of the Enlightenment as “Dare to Know!” was
John Locke
Immanuel Kant
David Hume
Voltaire
30
The Renaissance figure in the following list who was not a leading painter was
Michelangelo
Raphael
Petrarch
Leonardo
31
England’s Queen Elizabeth could best be described as a
pious Catholic
moderate Catholic
pious Protestant
moderate Protestant
32
Enlightenment thinkers can be understood as secularists because they strongly recommended
a complete stop to all efforts at the reform of justice
rigorous state control of all forms of education
the application of the scientific method to human life.
None of the choices are correct
33
Which of the following is not true of Northern Renaissance artists?
The most influential artist was Jan van Eyck.
None of the choices are correct
They were less skilled in perspective than the Italians
They valued the secular human form as the primary subject.
34
Which comment best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution on Western Civilization?
It represented cooperation in the pursuit of new knowledge
Knowledge and learning declined
It had little impact on conceptions of the universe.
It was fully supported by Martin Luther and the Church.
35
Eighteenth-century writers, especially in England, used this new form of literary expression.
Novels
Drama
YouTube
History books
36
James I of England alienated most of the members of Parliament by
insisting on his right to govern through divine right
denying his right to govern through divine right.
None of the choices are correct
giving power to the Irish
37
Who created three laws of planetary motion that helped disprove the Ptolemaic system?
Galileo
Brahe
Newton
Kelper
38
Deism is the belief that
God created the universe but does not actively run it
religion is fairy tales to frighten the superstitious
None of the choices are correct
God is directly involved in all human affairs
39
The witchcraft hysteria began to subside for all of the following reasons except
None of the choices are correct
laws recognizing the equality of women in European society.
formation of modern governments
growing secular beliefs in Western society
40
Among other things, the Petition of Right
gave the monarchy absolute power
maintained that Parliament would be destroyed
started the American Revolution
maintained the King could pass no tax without Parliament.
41
The Reformation abolished all of the following from the lives of Europe’s Protestants except
Taverns
monasteries and nunneries
Clerical celibacy
Indulgences
42
High Culture in eighteenth century Europe was characterized by the
decline of the magazine with the rise of the novel
decline of French as an international language
enormous impact of the publishing industry
increased dependency of authors on wealthy patrons
43
The “Glorious Revolution” in 1688 in England was significant for
bloodlessly deposing James II in favor of William of Orange.
ending the reign of William and Mary.
returning England to a Catholic commonwealth
restoring Charles II and the Stuart Dynasty to power.
44
The development of printing in the fifteenth century
ensured that literacy and new knowledge would spread.
ensured that the medieval world would continue.
ensured that literacy and new knowledge would end.
None of the choices are correct.
45
The immediate reaction of the clerics to th theories of Copernicus was
None of the choices are correct.
condemnation by all.
indifference
widespread support
46
According to Rousseau, the source of inequality and the chief cause of crimes was
children
marriage
religion
private property
47
Where did some Protestant churchgoers chose new religious movements during the Enlightenment?
England and Germany
England and Italy
France and Spain
Germany and the Ottoman Empire
48
Which of the following is not true of the ideas of Copernicus?
None of the choices are correct
They revealed Copernicus to be basically conservative.
They caused no problems.
They resulted in a system less complicated than Ptolemy's .
49
Luther's break with the church (1517) was prompted by
The Great Schism
widespread sale of indulgences by preaching monks.
widespread sale of indulgences by preaching peasants.
the papacy’s threat to depose the German emperor.
50
Following the Thirty Years’ War, what country became dominant in Europe?
France
The Holy Roman Empire
England
Spain
51
The Baroque-Rococo artistic style of the eighteenth century was
evident in the masterpieces of Dante
None of the choices are correct
evident in the masterpieces of Balthasar Neumann
evident in the writings of Martin Luther
52
Louis XIV used his palace at Versailles to
dominate the nobility and display his grandeur.
give to the papacy as a summer residence.
None of the choices are correct.
celebrate French democracy.
53
The wealth of the northern Italian cities that funded the Renaissance was gained mostly from
Military conquest
Exploration
Trade
None of the choices are correct
54
The scientist whose work made him the father of Chemistry was
William Harvey
Robert Boyle
Galileo
John Brown
55
Most of the fighting during the Thirty Years’ War took place in
England
Spain
The Netherlands
Germanic lands
56
Which of the following are among the chief characteristics of John Calvin’s reform movement?
Calvin’s acceptance of “justification by faith alone.”
predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God.
the belief that humans must obey secular authorities.
a tolerance for all forms of Christianity.
57
Baroque Art
attempted to blend the reformation with Renaissance art.
was similiar to the French Impressionists of a later period.
was a revolt against the ideals of Italian Renaissance
was a rejection of neoclassicism.
58
The greatest advocate of militant Catholicism was
Elizabeth I of England
Martin Luther
Philip II of Spain
Voltaire
59
Which of the following statements best describes marriage in Renaissance Italy?
Marriages were developed out of individual courtship
Men and Women waited longer to get married than in the past.
Marriages were arranged to strengthen familial alliances.
None of the choices are correct
60
The eighteenth-century musicial composition that immediately appealed to everyone was
Bach’s St.Matthew’s Passions
Mozart’s The Marriage of Figaro
Handel’s Messiah
Haydn’s The Seasons
61
In eighteenth-century Europe, churches, both Catholic and Protestant,
still played a major role in social and spiritual areas
lost its role in Western society.
None of the choices are correct.
didn't change at all.
62
The first European to make sysematic observations of the heavens by telescope was
Kepler
Brahe
Galileo
Columbus
63
Reading and publishing in the eighteenth century was aided and characterized by
compulsory education for the general public
state investments in free books
magazines for the general public
private tutors
64
The Reformation in England under Henry VIII
was triggered by Henry’s desire for a male heir.
enacted a total renunciation of Catholic doctrine.
enacted a total renunciation of Protestant doctrines.
was organized and enacted by Martin Luther
65
Benedict de Spinoza
claimed that God was the universe and praying is a waste
disagreed with the theory of a heliocentric universe
None of the choices are correct
rejected all forms of panthesistic belief
66
Absolutism means that
ordinary people had rights that should never be taken away.
the peasants should overthrow feudal society.
the papacy decided who is fit to govern.
ultimate authority rests sorely in the hands of a monarch.
67
Renaissance humanists in Italy
None of the choices are correct
Ate at Mcdonalds
had occupations in universities and governments.
focused on scientific than literary pursuits.
68
One of the foremost preoccupations of Italian Renaissance art was
the realistic portrayal of the human nude.
a refusal to study mathematics and anatomical structures.
the exclusion of humans in favor of purely sacred images.
the elimination of religious images in art.
69
Gustavus Adolphus, who led the Lutheran armies in the Thirty Years’ War, was king of
Holy Roman Empire
France
Sweden
Denmark
70
Northern Christian humanists used classical and early Christian texts to reform
the Protestant sects
None of the choices are correct.
the American South
the Catholic Church.
71
Issac Newton and John Locke ideas'
challenged the Age of Enlightenment
inspired the Age of Enlightenment
were rejected by the French Enlightenment thinkers.
None of the choices are correct
72
European music during the later eighteenth century is best associated with
None of the choices are correct
The Beatles and The Rolling Stones
Bach and Shakespeare
Haydn and Mozart
73
Which of the following statements concerning salons is not true?
Women played an important role.
Advanced ideas were discussed
Food and drink was provided
Salons were shunned by aristocrats and government officials
74
The philosophy of Rene Descartes
would not have a wide influence upon Western thought.
none of the choices are correct
stressed a separation of mind and matter
stressed a universe of mind and matter devoid of God.
75
The Peasants' War of 1524-1525
was supported by Luther who personally led its armies.
was strongly opposed by Luther who saw it as against God.
marched on Rome and removed Pope Leo X from the papacy.
won freedom of all peasants in Western Europe
76
Johann Sebastian Bach
became a close German confidant of Voltaire
was best known for his cantatas and motets
produced religious music as a way to worship God
was the major Catholic composer of the seventeenth century
77
The Jews of eighteenth-century Europe
were driven completely out of Europe
None of the choices are correct
were assimilated completely into Western Civilization.
were actively participating in banking and business
78
A cheap and popular drink in eighteenth century England was
Wine
Gin
Beer
Rum
79
After the conclusion of the Thirty Years’ War in 1648, the Holy Roman Empire
None of the choices are correct.
became the most powerful state in the world.
chose Frederick the Great as its ruler.
was not an empire at all but a association of 300 states.
80
Luther's personal religious crisis came to a head over his growing belief that
the popes needed more personal power
good works secured one's place in heaven.
no amount of good works could satisfy God’s righteousness.
Christianity must give way to Islam and Judaism in Europe
81
Organized religions in the seventeenth century
embraced the change of the Scientific Revolution.
paid money to Newton and Galileo for scientific research.
rejected scientific facts that conflicted with Christianity.
None of the choices are correct.
82
According to The Social Contract, the “general will” was
a social consensus to which the individual must bow
treat others how one wants to be treated
follow only the orders of the president
accept one's lot in life.
83
Machiavelli's The Prince advocates that a successful ruler must
Care for the weak, poor, and helpless.
Act without scruples for the good of the state.
Follow Christian principles in all his endeavors.
Strive to earn the love of his people.
84
The family of merchants and bankers who dominated Florence during the Renaissance was the
None of the choices are correct
Gonzaga
Medici
Hapsburgs
85
Newtons’s world-machine
had little impact on the Western worldview until 1900.
created a new cosmology of the world.
None of the choices are correct
supported the old views of the universe
86
In his work, Pensees, Pascal wrote that
Christianity was valid and used both reason and emotion.
Christianity must go back to its medieval ways
None of the choices are correct
Christianity must end

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