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Chapter 8 Flashcards | StudBud
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Chapter 8
Chapter 8
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1
15. Pollutants that have a short-term impact and then dissipate are called ...
B) flow pollutants.
C) cumulative pollutant.
A) stock pollutants.
D) global pollutants.
2
25. The graph above shows the marginal pollution control costs per ton for...
A) A
B) B
C) B+C
D) B+C+D
3
13. A pollution tax would be preferable to a system of transferable permits when...
C)MC of damages are relatively stable..MC of pol reduction are steep
B)MC of damages relatively stable..MC of pol reduct are relatively stable
A) the MC of damages are steep and the MC of pollution reduction are steep
D)MC of damages are elastic..MC of pol reduction are also elastic
4
9. Market-based regulations tend to work best with pollutants that ...
A) are non-uniformly mixed and local in effect.
D) have non-linear and local effects.
B) have threshold effects.
C) are uniformly mixed and regional in effect.
5
28. The graph above shows the marginal pollution control costs...
C) A
D) B
B) A+B+D
A) A+B
6
3. Annual automobile emissions testing is an example of which type of pollution policy?
B) Pollution subsidies
A) Tradable permits
D) Pollution standards
C) Setting property rights
7
1. How do the MC of pollution reduction and the MC
C) The MC of pollution reduction decrease and the MC of pol damage increase
B) The MC of pollution reduction increase and the MC of pol damage decrease
D) The MC of pollution reduction decrease and the MC of pol damage decrease
A) The MC of pollution reduction remain constant and the MC of pol increase
8
2. The optimal level of pollution occurs where ...
C) private costs are minimized.
A) total benefits equal total costs.
D) average revenue equals average cost.
B) MB equal MC.
9
21. The graph above shows the marginal pollution control costs per ton...
D) B+C
B) B
A) A+B
C) A+B+C
10
7. Which one of the following statements regarding tradable pollution permits is false?
B) Polluting firms .. prefer emissions standards to .. tradable permits
A) An equilibrium permit price.. obtained through the trading of permits
C) A system of tradable permits ..under the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments
D) A system of tradable permits could..help reduce carbon dioxide emissions
11
10. An example of nonpoint source pollution is ...
B) a factory.
C) a drain pipe.
D) an agricultural field.
A) an automobile.
12
11. A preference for either pollution taxes or tradable permits to regulate...
C) MB of pollution curve and marginal revenue of pollution curve
A) MR of pollution control curve and MC of damage curve
D) Marginal utility of pollution curve and MC of regulation
B) MC of pollution reduction curve and MC of damage curve
13
27. The graph above shows the marginal pollution control costs..
B) A+B+C+D
A) A+B+D
C) A+B+D+E
D) A+B+C
14
12. Tradable permits are likely to result in less inefficiency, relative to a pollution
A) MC of damages are steep..MC of pollution reduction are relatively stable
C)MC of damages are relatively stable..MC of pol reduct are relative stable
D)MC of damages are relatively stable..MC of pollution reduction are steep
B) the MC of damages are steep and the MC of pollution reduction are steep
15
19. Which one of the following pollutant types is most difficult to regulate?
D) A global stock pollutant
A) A local flow pollutant
C) A regional stock pollutant
B) A regional flow pollutant
16
6. Which one of the following statements is false regarding a tradable pollution
A) Total pollution levels in a region can be set by the government.
D) Social benefits can be maximized
B) The price of a permit will vary with changes in technology.
C) The permit price is set by the government.
17
5. The main disadvantage of an emissions tax is that ...
C) firms do not have an incentive to reduce pollution.
A) total pollution reduction from an emissions tax cannot be known for sure
D) differences among firms are not incorporated into the policy.
B) firms lack the flexibility to pursue different technologies.
18
18. As emissions levels increase at a steady rate for a stock pollutant, accumulations ...
D) increase at an exponential rate.
B) remain constant.
C) increase at a steady rate.
A) decrease at an exponential rate.
19
16. Which of the following is an example of a global pollutant?
B) Ozone (O3)
C) Carbon monoxide (CO)
A) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
D) Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
20
20. Which one of the following statements best describes the results of the Clean Air Act
D)sucess reducing levels toxic pol, but levels criteria pol have increase
B) It has been unsuccessful at reducing levels ..criteria and toxic pollut
C) ..succes reducing levels of criteria pol, but levels toxic pol increased
A) It has been successful at reduc levels .. criteria and toxic pollutants
21
4. An emissions standard will work best in which of the following cases?
D) The health effects of a pollutant are relatively unknown.
B) The MC of pollution reduction curve is relatively steep.
C) All firms have similar equipment and technology.
A) The MC of pollution reduction curve is relatively flat.
22
26. The graph above shows the marginal pollution control costs for two firms...
D) A+B+C+D+E
B) A+B+C+D
A) A+B+D
C) A+B+D+E
23
23. The graph above shows the marginal pollution control costs per ton for a firm..
C) B+C
B) B+C+D
D) A+B+C+D
A) C+D
24
14. Which one of the following statements is false?
C) Under..tradable permits, tech progress will reduce overall pol levels
A) Tech progress will lower the price of tradable pollution permits
D)Under .. tradable permits, tech progress..some firms increasing pol
B) Under a pol tax, tech progress will reduce overall pol levels
25
17. As emissions levels stabilize for a stock pollutant ...
D) health and other impacts are reduced to zero.
C) health and other impacts may increase or decrease.
B) health and other impacts continue to increase.
A) health and other impacts begin to decrease.
26
24. The graph above shows the marginal pollution control costs per ton for
A) A
D) C+D
B) A+B
C) C
27
8. For a pollutant like lead, which causes health effects to local residents even at
C) Pollution taxes
D) Pollution subsidies
B) Tradable permits
A) Emissions standards
28
22. The graph above shows the marginal pollution control costs per ton for a firm
A) A+B+C
C) C
D) D
B) B+C
