The History of Atomic Chemistry

Question 1

Which French chemist proposed the law of conservation of mass?

Accepted Answer

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 2

Who estimated the mass of cathode rays to be about a thousand times lighter than a hydrogen atom?

Accepted Answer

J.J. Thompson

Question 3

In 1909, who designed the "gold foil experiment" to probe the nature of the atom?

Accepted Answer

Ernest Rutherford

Question 4

Werner Heisenberg discovered that it's impossible to simultaneously know an electrons ___

Accepted Answer

momentum and position

Question 5

In Rutherford's experiment, the sheet of gold foil was bombarded with tiny, positive ___

Accepted Answer

alpha particles

Question 6

Which Greek philosophers first came up with the idea that matter is composed of tiny particles?

Accepted Answer

Leucippus and Democritus

Question 7

To help visualize the most probable position of electrons, quantum atoms are often drawn as ___

Accepted Answer

clouds

Question 8

Who developed the "planetary model" of the atom, with electrons in orbits around the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Niels Bohr

Question 9

Thompson's model of the atom, with electrons distributed randomly, is called ___

Accepted Answer

the plum pudding model

Question 10

In 1920, who coined the term "proton" to describe the hydrogen nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Ernest Rutherford

Question 11

In the quantum model, the regions where an electron is more likely to be found are called ___

Accepted Answer

orbitals

Question 12

J.J. Thompson called the smallest bit of matter known at the time "corpuscles"; We call them __

Accepted Answer

electrons

Question 13

J.J. Thompson found that cathode "rays" were tiny negatively-charged particles that he called _

Accepted Answer

corpuscles

Question 14

Tiny particles that compose matter were fist given the name "atomos," which means ___

Accepted Answer

uncuttable or indivisible

Question 15

In the 1870s scientists began using and studying electrified gas-filled tubes called ___

Accepted Answer

discharge tubes

Question 16

In Bohr's model of the atom, each orbit can have a specific number of ___

Accepted Answer

electrons

Question 17

Because most of the alpha particles passed through the gold atoms, Rutherford concluded that __

Accepted Answer

most of the atom is empty space

Question 18

The light from a discharge tube was first seen at the negative electrode, so it was called ___

Accepted Answer

a cathode ray

Question 19

Which teacher and scientist determined that elements exist as discreet packets of matter?

Accepted Answer

John Dalton

Question 20

In quantum theory, the arrangement of electrons could only be described in terms of ___

Accepted Answer

probability

Question 21

A few of the alpha particles were deflected, so Rutherford concluded that the atom contains ___

Accepted Answer

a concentrated area of positive charge

Question 22

In 1886, who found that discharge tubes also emitted light from the positive electrode?

Accepted Answer

Eugen Goldstein

Questions 22