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Duplicate of Biology Midterm Review
Duplicate of Biology Midterm Review
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Biology Midterm Review (Scientific Method, Biochemistry, Cells, DNA, Mitosis)
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Answers
1
The ____________ holds sister chromatids together.
centromere
centriole
chromatin
chromosome
2
Facilitated diffusion requires the aid of a __________ to move materials from high to low.
DNA molecule
protein
water molecule
carbohydrate
3
The movement of liquid into the cell is ______________.
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
4
Active transport requires energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane. True or False?
True
False
5
The variable that measures numbers quantities or numbers is the ___________ variable.
Qualitative
Dependent
Quantitative
Independent
6
On a graph, the dependent variable is graphed on the _________-axis.
X
0
Y
Z
7
The uncontrolled division of cells is called ________.
mitosis
cancer
S-phase
G2-phase
8
During interphase DNA is in the ___________ form.
condensed
single stranded
chromsome
chromatin
9
Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 macromolecules classifications?
Hemoglobin
Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrate
Protein
10
RNA has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT which one? (For the main purposes of this class.)
Uracil instead of Thymine
Ribose Sugar
Forms Double Helix
Single Stranded
11
Which of the following organelles is NOT unique to a plant cell?
Central Vacuole
Mitochondria
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
12
Energy is released from ATP when the ___________ bonds are broken.
hydrogen
covalent
adenine
phosphate
13
Passive transport does NOT require energy. True or False?
True
False
14
Which of the following statements is NOT part of the Cell Theory?
All living things are made of cells.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
All cells have a nucleus and organelles.
The cell is the basic unit of life.
15
The organelle that is responsible for digesting waste and apoptosis is a ______________.
Lysosome
Ribosome
Centriole
Golgi
16
The movement of solutes from areas of high concentration to low concentration is?
osmosis
diffusion
endocytosis
phagocytosis
17
When performing an experiment, what should you do with waste materials?
Wash them down the sink.
Follow teacher instructions on disposal.
Leave them where they are.
Throw them in the trash.
18
Polymers are molecules composed of repeating units of ____________.
Monomers
Chains of Carbon
Carbon Rings
Macromolecules
19
The glucose molecule is organized into a 6-sided ring. Which macromolecule is this?
Protein
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrate
20
What is the correct mRNA strand for the following: AGG TCA?
UCC AGU
ACC AGT
TCC AGT
AUU AGU
21
The stage of the cell cycle where the membrane pinches inward forming two new cells is _______.
Telophase
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
22
The identical halves of a chromosome are called __________.
chromatid
chromatin
centromere
centriole
23
The movement of food particles into the cell is _____________.
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
24
Goggles must be kept on at all times during a lab. True or False?
False
True
25
Choose the correct sequence for the Scientific Method.
Hypothesis, Observe, Experiment, Conclusion, Data
Observe, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data, Conclusion
Observe, Experiment, Hypothesis, Data, Conclusion
Hypothesis, Experiment, Observe, Data, Conclusion
26
Which cell structure does this statement describe: protects the cell and selectively permeable?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Plasma Membrane
27
Which enzyme helps unzip the DNA strand in replication?
Ligase
Polymerase
Primase
Helicase
28
On a graph, the independent variable is graphed on the ___________-axis.
X
0
Z
Y
29
Which organelle is the site for protein synthesis?
ER
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Golgi
30
In RNA, A pairs with which base?
C
U
T
G
31
In an experiment, the group that is kept under normal conditions is called the _________.
Control Group
Dependent Group
Experimental Group
Independent Group
32
Variables that are kept the same throughout the experiment are called ____________.
Experimental Variables
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Control Variables
33
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Mitosis?
Interphase
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
34
In the lab, if you were to spill an acid on yourself, what is the first thing you should do?
Do nothing.
Tell the teacher.
Tell your friend.
Wash it off.
35
What type of carbohydrate can be found in bread, potatoes, and wheat?
Amino Acids
Cellulose
Lipids
Starch
36
EXOCYTOSIS moves materials _________ the cell.
outside
into
37
A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein is a ________________.
RNA
Amino Acid
Gene
Codon
38
A sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base make up a _____________.
nucleotide
amino acid
lipid
sugar molecule
39
In an experiment the experimental group is the group that is ________________.
controlled
not tested
kept the same
tested
40
The pigment found in plants that absorbs sunlight is ____________.
chlorophyll
phytochrome
ribose
carotene
41
Lipid monomers are organized into a chain of _____________.
Hydrogens
Carbons
Oxygens
Nitrogens
42
Enzymes function as a ______________ to speed up chemical reactions.
storage molecule
nutrient
catalyst
genetic code
43
Who discovered/made the first model of DNA?
Hooke
Linnaeus
Franklin
Watson & Crick
44
Cytosine pairs with ______________.
Uracil
Guanine
Adenine
Thymine
45
What is the correct amino acid for the following codon in mRNA: GAA?
Gly
Arg
Glu
Ala
46
The cell cycle stage that prepares the cell for division is _______________.
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Mitosis
Interphase
47
What is the complimentary DNA strand for the following: AAG CAT?
UUC GCA
TTA GCA
UUC GUA
TTC GTA
48
DNA replication produces ___ identical strands of DNA.
3
1
4
2
49
The variable that is changed throughout the experiment is the ______________.
Experimental Variable
Control Variable
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
50
The macromolecules that store the most energy are _________________.
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
51
Cells that have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles are __________.
Bacteria
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Nonexistent
52
The dependent variable in an experiment is _____________________.
measured
observed
changed
kept the same
53
Plant-based foods like vegetables typically contain which polysaccharide?
Amino Acids
Starch
Cellulose
Fats
54
Fats, oils, and waxes are all examples of which macromolecule?
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
55
Which phase of mitosis is pictured below?
telophase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
56
ENDOCYTOSIS moves molecules _________ the cell.
outside
into
57
The term for programmed cell death is _____________.
lysis
mitosis
cytokinesis
apoptosis
58
Cellular Respiration takes place in both plant and animal cells in which organelle?
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Chloroplast
Nucleus
59
Choose the correct order for the levels of organization in organisms.
Organ System - Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organism
Tissue - Cell - Organ System - Organ - Organism
Tissue - Cell - Organ - Organism - Organ System
Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism
60
In plant cells, the ________ begins to form at the end of mitosis to help divide the cytoplasm.
spindle fibers
centriole
cell plate
cleavage furrow
61
Adenine pairs with ____________ in DNA.
Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
62
During ____________ crossing over occurs.
Prophase II
Prophase I
Prophase
Prophase III
63
Osmosis is the diffusion of ___________ from areas of high concentration to low concentration.
DNA
water
nutrients
enzymes
64
Which phase of mitosis is pictured below?
telophase
anaphase
prophase
metaphase
65
A variable that characterizes color or category is referred to as a ____________ variable.
Dependent
Independent
Quantitative
Qualitative
66
During ____________ the nuclei begin to reappear and the cleavage furrow begins to form?
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
prophase
67
A __________ is a molecule composed of a single subunit.
Lipid
Monomer
Polymer
Macromolecule
68
The monomer of a protein is ______________.
a glucose molecule.
a nucleotide.
an amino acid.
a fatty acid chain.
69
The enzyme that adds nucleotides during replication is __________.
DNA polymerase
ligase
RNA polymerase
primase
70
The __________ helps move materials throughout the cell, one type contains ribosomes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Nucleus
Golgi Aparatus
Mitochondria
71
The enzyme responsible for transcription is _______________.
primase
ligase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
72
Which piece of technology aided in the formation of the cell theory?
Telescope
Petri Dish
Microscope
Agar
73
The macromolecule that includes all sugars is ________________.
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
74
This organelle packages and transports materials throughout the cell?
Ribosome
ER
Vacuole
Golgi Apparatus
75
During __________ chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
telophase
anaphase
prophase
metaphase
76
Which phase of mitosis is pictured below?
telophase
metaphase
prophase
anaphase
77
All injuries or accidents in the lab should be reported to your teacher. True or False?
True
False
78
DNA condenses into chromosomes and the nucleus begins to break down during _______.
Metaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Anaphase
79
Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell during _______________.
Prophase
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase
80
Enzymes, hair, and nails are all examples of which type of macromolecule?
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Protein
81
Which organelle contains genetic material and is known as the control center of the cell?
Ribosome
Golgi
Nucleus
Mitochondria
82
Transcription produces which structure?
amino acids
tRNA
mRNA
DNA
83
Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion are types of ____________ transport.
Passive
Active
84
The ___________ is a storage organelle that contains water, waste, and enzymes.
Vacuole
Nucleus
Ribsome
Golgi
85
A cell that has no membrane bound organelles and no nucleus is a __________ cell.
eukaryotic
animal
prokaryotic
plant
86
All macromolecules are "organic" meaning they have one element in common. What is the element?
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
87
Photosynthesis takes place in which organelle of plant cells?
Ribosome
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Mitochondria
