Philosophy Final Exam

A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are scrutinized to uncover truth -

"Politics have no relationship to morals."

The first western philosopher who wrote works that still survive today

Inventor of calculus

Said, "God is dead."

concerned with the rules of proper reasoning

He recorded the ideas and theories of Socrates after his death

Wrote the book "Leviathan"

According to Sartre, there is at least one being in whom existence precedes essence, that is

a squared + b squared = c squared

In music - created chords with weights - the idea of octaves

In math - came up with the concept of square root and cube root

Wrote "Atlas Shrugged", "The Fountainhead", "Anthem"

Concerned with the nature of knowledge "What can I know?"

The study of covering the unknown of the world - what can't be proven with evidence

The "Father of Existentialism" - "La Nausea" "Nausea"

Separation of powers - judicial/executive/legislative

Father of Modern Philosophy

For Socrates, an unexamined life is a tragedy because it results in grievous harm to

Learn from ideas you dislike - progress is messy - art has a purpose

Wrote "The Road to Serfdom" - theory of money - Nobel for Economics

Science

Advanced the "theory of forms"

Didn't write down or record any of his works

Created "Probability Theory" (roulette and calculating machine)

"Religion is the opium of the masses."

God has created the best of all possible worlds

Monads - everything is made up of energy particles

Wrote "Confessions"

Mocked intellectuals - mocked difficult books

Opened the first university in Athens - "The Academy"

Paley says the analogy that Cleanthes uses to make his case is

"Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."

He said, "whoever loveth me, loveth my hound."

The famous statement "An unexamined life is not worth living" is attributed to

According to Paley, we must conclude that a watch had an intelligent designer if the watch

"Geist" - the stuff of existence

"The Prince" - a guidebook for rulers

Animals are intelligent

Wrote "Democracy in America" - toured the U.S. in 1830

Paley says that every indication of contrivance and design that exists in the watch exists in

According to Aquinas, an infinite regress of causes is -

The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the nature of the universe - -

"Cogito Ergo Sum" - I think therefore I am

His most famous student was Alexander the Great

First philosopher 585 BC

Concerned with the nature of the beautiful and pleasing, the study of art

Known as the "laughing philosopher"

format - major premise - minor premise - conclusion

"Dare to Think" - beauty equals pleasure - transcendential idealism

Created Social Contract Theory - the right to abolish or change government

Aquinas says that the first efficient cause of everything is

Study of how people should live with each other

According to Sartre, what existentialists have in common is that they think that

"The question isn't who is going to let me, it's who is going to stop me."

Wouldn't accept pay for his work (upset his wife)

Was against "the divine right of kings."

"Revolt is the right of the people."

a squared + b squared = c squared

"The Absurb" - meaninglessness of life - "The Myth of Sisyphus"

Storytelling

Equality of the sexes - "beauty in things exist in the mind that contemplates them."

The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and

Questions like "what is knowledge" and "what is truth" fall into this branch of philosophy

Best writer of them all and well known for his book "The Republic"

Was an Atomist

"Common sense is not so common." - wrote "Candide"

"America is great because she is good."

"A good marriage is a blind wife with a deaf husband."

Attempted to categorize or classify pretty much everything

Socrates' most famous student

Four Cardinal virtues - Venial and mortal sins

"Only the dead have seen the end of war." "The wisest mind has something yet to learn."

Was charged and executed for corrupting the youth of the city

Opened his own school - the Lyceum in 335BC

"Interpretation of Dreams" - "Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar."

Wrote the book "Utopia"

Father of Existentialism

Said, "In order to know virtue, we must acquaint ourselves with vice."

Wrote "The Allegory of the Cave"

Known for "Ubermensch" - (Superman)

Coined the term "Noble Savage"

"Lord make me chaste, but not yet."

Taught his students through continual questioning

Believed - All is One - everything always existed

Humans can't control everything - death is final - food lovers

"Everything is Flux"

His name means "blessed"

He said, "I prefer liberty with danger, than peace with slavery."