HTT II - Exam 2

What was the goal of anti-realist designers?

When was early anti-realism prevalent?

What groups were a part of the Little Theatre Movement?

What inventions did Bentley say would kill theatrical realism?

This person was an owner of the Province Town Players and was the first professional American playwright (from Iowa!).

What was Zola's description of the metaphysical man?

What did social realism focus on?

This theatre was founded in Germany 1889 by Otto Brahm, first to use board of directors model

CRAIG OR APPIA: wrote about the "Uber-Marionette".

Producer-director, founded Theatre Libre, realistic box sets, "4th wall", turned star system to ensemble

What is symbolism?

What were some popular movements during the late anti-realism movement?

What important events and ideas came from 1875-1918?

What happened in 1914-1918?

This artistic movement embraced totalitarianism and glorified war/machinery

Eclectic Designers: used elements of realism and anti-realism, believed every product should have its own style

CRAIG OR APPIA: was an anti-realist, discussed the "imaginary world".

Why did Craig think the Uber-Marionette is superior to the actor?

What is naturalism?

Pioneer of modern acting, wrote The Seagull

What was Zola's description of the psychological man?

CRAIG OR APPIA: believed actors must use symbolic gesture rather than exact reproduction.

What theaters were a part of the independent theatre movement?

CRAIG OR APPIA: believed actors aren't real artists because they're unpredictable.

Ubu Roy by Alfred Jarry, political satire, and puppet shows were the basis to avant-garde theatre.

This artistic movement used distorted and nightmarish depictions of human condition

Who wrote "Two Traditions of Modern Drama?

This group called “The Theatre Guild” had subscription model, produced experimental playwrights, & was sort of socialist

This theatre artist was popular for not engaging with just one style.

This artistic movement embraced randomness and chance of life

Who applied philosophy to playwrighting and focused on Poor vs. God & the marginalized?

Zola thought costumes should be accurate and should ignore vanity of actors or being a fashion show.

What are biomechanics?

What influential play talked about messy realities, adultery, and challenges to gender rolls?

Naturalism was short-lived because it needed theatrical entertainments to be entertaining and doable.

University housed theatre training by George Pierce Baker in Harvard and Radcliff (taught O’Neill & Robert Edmund Jones)

Craig defined an artist as one who "makes others see more than what is in the world."

What 'ism' says "biology determines everything"; actions are based off of genetics and environment?

What is anti-realism?

This theatre used a subscription model to avoid censorship by Lord Chamberlain by not making the performances public

What is realism?

What happened in 1900?

The first official director, anachronistic productions, unity of concept

What was Maeterlinck's theory of unnecessary dialogue?

Zola characterizes ______ scene design as showing an environment that could shape characters (acts as character itself)

Symbolism is the first anti-realist movement, and it argued realism is a facade.

Zola tolerated heightened theatrical language and voice for the sake of performance.

Zola characterizes ______ scene design as minimal, unities, doesn't impact play, & actors only use necessary things

What were some major events from 1915-1945?

What was Maeterlinck's theory of static theatre?

Every movement after anti-realism though they were doing realism.

Who was the Act One reading about?

Zola liked 4th wall, cheating out, and blackouts.

What happened in 1905?

Who were some anti-realists "trying something different"?

What was Maeterlinck's theory of action sequences?

This family bought all Broadway playhouses until Roosevelt banned monopolies.

Why was the Independent Theatre Movement important?

This artistic movement grew out of dadaism, believed the randomness of life is part of a collective unconscious

Where do biomechanics derive from?

What were some popular movements during the early anti-realism movement?

Constructivism: audience sees everything in the set, looks full and maximal.

America’s Moscow Art Theatre, nonprofit, founded by Lee Strasberg and Stella Adler, turned into "The Actor's Studio"

REALISM OR ANTI-REALISM? convention, fantasy, individual, religious, aesthetic, poetic, subjective

Who wrote "The Tragedy of Everyday Life" and believed we experience true tragedy every day; loved symbolism?

What are some early departures of realism (expressionist) plays?

This theatre was founded in Paris 1887 by Andre Antoine; influenced by Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

What 'ism' says the audience should feel like they're looking through a keyhole to see the action?

This theatre was founded in 1898 by Stanislavsky, influenced by him and Chekhov; produced psychological realism

Who was an anti-realist director that created the biomechanics acting style?

What influenced Henrik Ibsen's middle plays?

What 'ism' deals with the pursuit of truth/utopia & aspires for enlightenment?

Who was the Norwegian father of realism who wrote on taboo topics to present social issues in an artistic way?

REALISM OR ANTI-REALISM? Slice of life, naturalism, social, prosaic, objective, political

This theatre was a subscription-based theatre founded by Jacob Grein in 1891

What influenced Henrik Ibsen's later plays?

The most important theatre designer of US; new stagecraft based from Craig & Appia for little theatres

This theatre was Ireland's national theatre founded in 1904

What kept theatre going over the summer in the 1920s?

CRAIG OR APPIA: was influenced by Wagner's operas.

What happened in 1896?

What did Act One tell us about aspiring theatre artists in the 1920s?

How did the events from 1915-1945 affect theatre?

This group performed in MA & NY, off-Broadway beginnings, owned by Susan Glaspell & George Cram Cook

What influenced Henrik Ibsen's early plays?