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Chapter 6 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution) Flashcards | StudBud
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Chapter 6 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution)
Chapter 6 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution)
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#APEURO #Spielvogel #ScientificRevolution #ModernScience
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1
Tycho Brahe contributed to the advance of astronomy by...
calculating the distance to the sun.
inventing the astrolabe.
working out the theory of inertia.
making accurate observations of the planets.
2
Benedict de Spinoza...
believed humans were created separate from nature.
claimed that God was the universe not just the creator.
disagreed with the theory of a heliocentric universe.
rejected all forms of pantheistic belief.
3
William Harvey's "On the Motion of the Heart and Blood" refuted the ideas of...
the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood
the independent functioning of the lymph system.
the brain stem being disconnected from the brain.
herbal healing.
4
Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries...
were some of the 1st to be printed in a vernacular language.
were modern in their removal of God from universal laws.
were resisted more in his own country, than in the Europe.
although accepted in his country, were resisted elsewhere.
5
When was this conception of the universe prevalent?
Scientific Revolution
Roman Empire
Classical Greece
Middle Ages
6
Copernicus supported the heliocentric conception of the universe because...
he argued that the sun is the source of all energy on earth.
it earned him entrance into the Royal Academy of Science.
as a Protestant, he felt free to interpret Scripture.
it offers an accurate explanation for heavenly motions.
7
The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on...
speculative reasoning.
inductive reasoning.
triangulation.
deductive reasoning.
8
The French Academy differed from the English Royal Society in the former's...
absence of government support and control.
publication of scientific journals.
abundant government support and control.
focus on theoretical work in mechanics and astronomy.
9
Descartes believed that the world could be understood by...
the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking.
incorporating the mind with the body.
quiet contemplation and following of the Scriptures.
mystical experiences.
10
For Spinoza, the failure to understand God led to...
a lack of moral judgment of others.
people using nature for their own self-interest.
false worship of nature.
the establishment of divine right monarchies.
11
The Ptolemaic conception of the universe was also known as...
the expanding universe.
the geocentric conception.
the lunacentric conception.
the pantheistic theory.
12
Concerning Galileo and his ideas, the Catholic Church...
reluctantly agreed to his theories.
turned him over to the Papal Curia to serve as a secretary.
turned him over to the authorities of the HRE to be tortured
forced Galileo to recant them in a trial the Inquisition.
13
The scientific societies of early modern Europe established the first...
regularly published scientific journals.
college departments for scientific study.
code of ethics for experimentation on humans and animals.
fund-raising events for medical research.
14
In his work "Pensées," Pascal...
showed that science and religion were incompatible.
attempt to convince rationalists that Christianity was valid
offered his thoughts on the heliocentric theory.
popularized the scientific method.
15
During the seventeenth century, royal and princely patronage of science...
was directed only towards pure research.
replaced funding by the church.
was common only in Italy.
became an international phenomenon.
16
The overall effect of the Scientific Revolution on the querelles des femmes was to...
increase the role of women in the child-bearing process.
allow women to enroll in most of Europe's universities.
create differences between men-women to show men's dominance
dispel traditional myths of female inferiority.
17
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, female midwives...
began to receive recognition and training.
gained great fame as birth became a female scientific job.
were newly organized into their own craft guilds.
were replaced by men studied anatomy.
18
Galileo wrote...
a translation of the Bible in Italian.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
The Starry Messenger.
Principia and Pensées.
19
Scientist whose work led to the law that a volume of a gas varies with pressure upon it was...
Andreas Vesalius.
Antoine Lavoisier.
William Harvey.
Robert Boyle.
20
The immediate reaction of the clerics to the theories of Copernicus was...
motivated by their educational and scientific achievements.
condemnation by Protestants; viewed it as against the Bible.
apathy because his calculations contained numerous errors.
support in the form of a papal decree praising his thinking.
21
"On the Fabric of the Human Body"...
was Cavendish's theory of human dissection.
contained theories on a universe advanced by Paracelsus.
was Andreas Vesalius's masterpiece on anatomical structure.
contained William Harvey's theories on blood circulation.
22
Newton's major work was...
Utopia.
Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Principia.
23
Galileo's principle that a body in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by another force is
displacement.
universal mechanics.
inertia.
planetary motion.
24
Renaissance humanists' mastery of Greek made new works of which of the following available?
All of these.
Galen.
Archimedes.
Plato.
25
The Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century...
was stimulated by a revived interest in ancient authorities.
was largely due to a monastic revolution in education.
directly resulted from reaction against the Middle Ages.
was based on scientific achievements of previous centuries.
26
Organized religions in the seventeenth century...
rapidly reoriented their theologies to accept modern science
contributed to scientific research through work in religion.
ignored science as a "toy for the minds of God's children."
rejected discoveries that conflict with Christian worldview.
27
The author of "Observations upon Experimental Philosophy and Grounds of Natural Philosophy" was
Marie-Anne Lavoisier.
Maria Merian.
Margaret Cavendish.
Maria Winkelmann.
28
Johannes Kepler was the first astronomer to show that...
planetary orbits are elliptical.
the planets are made of earth-like material.
the stars are immensely far away.
the moon orbits around the earth.
29
Science became an integral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century because...
it offered a new means to make profits and maintain order.
people perceived it to be superior to other belief systems.
its mechanistic nature was popular with the lower classes.
it allowed an alternative religious belief to Christianity.
30
Copernicus's major book was titled...
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
The Great Instauration.
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood.
Principia.
31
Who created this conception of the universe?
Copernicus
Aristotle
Galileo
Ptolemy
32
Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution?
Major turning point in pursuit of knowledge.
Slightly modified medieval, Aristotelian-Ptolemaic view.
Created new "heaven" but had little impact on ideas of earth
Created new "earth" but had little impact on universal ideas
33
According to Leonardo da Vinci, what subject was the key to understanding the nature of things?
Astronomy.
Biology.
Mathematics.
Art.
34
Among the following, the individual not associated with advances in medicine and chemistry is..
Harvey.
Galen.
Vesalius.
Paracelsus.
35
The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was...
Galileo.
Kepler.
Copernicus.
Newton.
36
Galileo's Dialogue on the Two World Systems was chiefly an attempt to...
expose the errors in the thinking of Copernicus.
apologize to the church for theories he saw as mistaken.
support Copernicus through a publication in Italian.
oppose the dogma and doctrine of the Catholic Church.
37
The cosmological views of the Later Middle Ages held that what was the center of the universe?
The earth.
The sun.
The epicycles.
The moon.
38
The Inquisition found Galileo guilty of teaching condemned ideas and sentenced him...
to house arrest.
five years of hard labor in prison.
to be burned at the stake.
to serve as a galley slave on a Mediterranean shipping boat.
39
The philosophy of René Descartes...
stressed holistic universe of mind and matter devoid of God.
saw material world as a living thing in the human essence.
stressed a separation of mind and matter.
was condemned by the government of the Dutch Republic.
40
The work of Blaise Pascal...
succeeded in uniting Christianity and science.
believed that reason had limitations.
firmly rejected the teachings of Christianity.
prioritized reason over faith.
41
Maria Sibylla Merian...
earned her a place in the Royal Academy of Science.
gained fame as an important entomologist.
completed much of her scientific work in Africa.
was trained at the University of Berlin.
42
Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the sixteenth century by...
dissecting human rather than animal cadavers.
discovering the circulation of blood throughout the body.
rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors
advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine.
43
What was the name of Descartes's book that expounded his theories about the universe?
Mind Over Matter.
Discourse on Method.
Two Natures.
On the Fabric of the Human Body.
44
Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove that...
the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth.
the earth is at the center of the solar system.
nothing can ever really be proven.
the moon orbits the sun.
45
Newton's world-machine...
created a new cosmology in largely a mechanistic terms.
indicated a rejection of the work of his predecessors.
impacted on the Western worldview until the 20th century.
suggested secrets of the world couldn't be known by study.
46
Antoine Lavoisier...
reconciled religion and reason in his Pensées.
discovered the law of gasses.
gave scientific proof to the theories of Newton.
is regarded as the founder of modern chemistry.
47
Maria Winkelmann...
a German astronomer.
was the first woman named to a university teaching position.
was an English aristocrat.
authored "Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam."
48
Which of the following created 3 laws of planetary motion that disproved the Ptolemaic system?
Johannes Kepler.
Isaac Newton.
Nicolaus Copernicus.
Tycho Brahe.
49
The greatest achievements in science during the 16th & 17th centuries came in what three areas?
surgery, biology, and astronomy
biology, mechanics, and ballistics
astronomy, medicine, and mechanics.
engineering, physics, and dentistry
