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Weeks 1-5 Revision Flashcards | StudBud
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Weeks 1-5 Revision
Weeks 1-5 Revision
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1
People recognise voices, as well as the sounds of different musical instruments, from their characteristic:
pitch.
frequency.
amplitude.
timbre.
2
Ethology is the study of
ethical behaviour
the study of natural selection
animal behaviour from a biological and evolutionary perspective
differences between cultural groups
3
What kind of learning can be achieved through classical conditioning
Learning that a behaviour produces a particular result
Learning that an event occurred
Learning that people have certain patterns of behaviour
Learning that two events are related
4
Creating lesions in the brain (i.e., surgically removing parts of the brain) has been shown to:
speed up behaviour.
affect behaviour in different ways depending on the location of the lesion.
slow down behaviour.
create new behaviours.
5
The two schools of thought that dominated psychology in its earliest years were:
consciousness and paradigm.
structuralism and functionalism.
functionalism and experimentation.
introspection and structuralism.
6
One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is:
homoeostasis.
coordinating smooth, well-sequenced movements.
relaying sensory information to higher brain centres.
maintaining consciousness and regulating activity states.
7
The psychological property corresponding to
frequency
is known as:
amplitude.
loudness.
timbre.
pitch.
8
The highest & most consistent rate of response is produced by a ____ schedule of reinforcement
fixed-ratio
fixed-interval
variable-interval
variable-ratio
9
The order of the bones in the middle ear from eardrum to cochlea are:
stapes, incus, malleus
none of the options listed are correct
incus, stapes, malleus
malleus, incus, stapes
10
Freud distinguished between 2 different types of content in dreams, which he called:
hyper-aroused and supressed
manifest and latent
narrative and sub-text
sexually oppressed and sexually promiscuous
11
In the context of psychology, the philosophy of Monism proposes that:
money is an excellent reward system promoting positive behaviours.
consciousness is a manifestation of brain activity & not separate from it.
Monday mornings are difficult due to individuals returning to adverse
consciousness & physiological functioning are separate phenomena.
12
Functionalism emphasised the role of psychological processes in:
the structure and meaning of imagination
conscious awareness
coordination of learning.
an individual's adaptation to the environment.
13
The most important legacy of the psychodynamic perspective is its focus on
behaviour
genetics
dreams
the unconscious
14
The text defines psychology as the scientific investigation of behaviour and:
mental processes.
observation.
culture.
consciousness.
15
Graded potentials are
unimportant
infrequent
cumulative
reflexive
16
In operant conditiong, when a response has been extinguished
it may return spontaneously
it will respond only to negative reinforcement
it has been permanently unlearned
it has been permanently forgotten
17
The primary projection area for the auditory stimuli is the _________ of the brain
auditory cortex of the medial geniculates
buccal cortex of the parietal lobe
medulla
auditory cortex of the temporal lobe
18
The electrical difference between the inside and outside of a resting neuron is
120 millivolts.
-70 millivolts.
-110 millivolts.
20 millivolts.
19
When do most forms of schizophrenia begin?
Early teens
Late teens / early adulthood
Later adulthood
Late childhood
20
Which of the following DECREASES THE LIKELIHOOD that a response will recur?
inverse shaping
negative reinforcement
extinction reinforcement
punishment
21
The part of the axon that involves small sacs that contain neurotransmitters is called:
synaptic vesicles.
synaptic cleft.
dendrites.
interneuron.
22
Which of the following is NOT an important distinction between sound and light?
sound travels more slowly than light
Sound travels in waves, but light does not
sound travels through most objects, but light does not
when sounds waves are absorbed by objects, there is a difference in quality
23
Communication from one neuron to another is initiated by
neurotransmitters being released into the synapse
release of positive ions
action potentials along the dendrites
ion exchange across the synapse
24
Which of the following clarified the link between brain and behaviour?
Changes in behaviour after closed head injury
Severe emotional trauma results in anorexia nervosa
Developmental studies of animals
Increases in drug use
25
According to the textbook, the earliest theory of mental illness argued that:
mental illness was a punishment of the gods
an imbalance in the fluids of the body caused one to be mentally ill
mental illness was the result of evil spirits within the body
mental illness was a result of viruses
26
People who do not have sufficient acetylcholine in the brain are likely to experience:
elevated mood and reductions in pain sensation.
becoming excessively relaxed and amotivated.
difficulty with learning and memory.
depression and anxiety.
27
________________ relates to patterns of behaviour that are relatively fixed and exist without have been learned
rituals
innate complexes
instincts
reflexes
28
Which one of the following is NOT a method used by philosophers?
Logic
Experimentation
Reasoning
Argumentation
29
Which field argues that one's perception of the pieces will be influenced when seeing them as parts of the whole?
Evolutionary
Perceptual
Empirical
Gestalt
30
In describing the effects of a split-brain operation, one could say that:
'no two pennies are alike'.
'different strokes for different folks'
he can't 'put his best foot forward'.
his 'right hand doesn't know what his left hand is doing'.
31
The _____ involves rational, logical and goal-directed thoughts.
superid
superego
id
ego
32
Exposure to extremely loud noises can result in hearing loss. The effect of the loud noise was to:
kill off critical cells in the auditory cortex.
damage the hair cells attached to the basilar membrane.
cause scarring of the auditory nerve.
cause cochlear imbalance.
33
A crude form of neurosurgery to rid evil spirits from the body, which were causing disease/ails, was known as...
Phrenology
Lobotomy
electroconvulsive therapy
Trephination
34
Damage to the reticular activation system is likely to result in
slurred speech.
high blood pressure.
retrograde amnesia.
coma.
35
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that affects
motivation
thoughts
emotions
all of the above
36
The hindbrain includes all of the following except
pons
hypothalamus
medula oblongata
cerebellum
37
Achievement goals are thought to be a combination of three motives:
intrinsic, extrinsic, and biological.
performance-approach, performance-avoidance, and mastery goals.
accomplishment, acceptance, and approval.
general ability, specific ability, and context.
38
Light from the outside world passes through several parts of the eye. What is the correct order?
Lens, cornea, pupil retina
Pupil, cornea, lens, retina.
Retina pupil, cornea lens
Cornea, pupil, lens, retina.
39
Wernicke's aphasia results in:
failure to recognise the source of sounds.
failure to discriminate similar sounds.
difficulty in speaking.
'word salad': actual words are tossed together so they make little sense
40
The 2 main functions of consciousness are
monitoring the self & the environment & regulating thought & behaviour
splitting attention between 2 complex tasks; focusing conscious awareness
focusing conscious awareness; & filtering out information
orienting to sensory stimuli; & controlling behaviour
41
Multiple sclerosis is a disorder that involves problems with the:
myelin sheath.
dendrites.
synapses.
axons.
42
Habituation is
reinforced learning
complex conditioning
simple sensory learning
motor learning
43
The fundamental building block of the nervous system is:
genetics.
DNA.
the soma.
the neuron.
44
The automatic nervous system is responsible for:
basic life processes
intuitive reasoning
detection of threatening stimuli
cognitive functioning
45
I cut off the tip of my thumb while using a power saw. What would my reaction be if I
did not have
any endorphins?
I would fall asleep.
I would scream out and experience an unbearable amount of pain.
I would not know what to do since my memory is impaired.
I would become hypersensitive to loud noises
46
Psychodynamic theorists name 3 classes of psychopathology forming a continuum of INCREASING DYSFUNCTION in correct order
psychoses, personality disorders, neuroses
neuroses, personality disorders, psychoses
personality disorders, neuroses, psychoses
neuroses, psychoses, personality disorders
47
In Harlow's studies of infant monkeys, contact comfort referred to:
contact with a food-bearing surrogate leading to attachment.
skin-to-skin contact that was necessary for appropriate social development.
perceived security from a soft object leading to attachment.
the ability to self-soothe by rocking and grasping oneself.
48
Neurotransmitters are important because they:
protect the axon from the action potential.
are chemicals that transmit information from one cell to another.
increase the resting potential of a neuron.
insulate the axon from stimuli that might interfere with nerve impulses.
49
Narcotics work because they are chemically very similar to:
endorphins
secretions
hormones
GABA
50
Nightmares, flashbacks, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response & psychological numbness are symptoms of:
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
51
The neurotransmitter that regulates anxiety and that is used by about 1/3 of all the neurons in the brain is
dopamine
glutamate
GABA
epinephrine
52
You know someone who is seriously depressed. It is likely that s/he is:
low on endorphins.
suffering from an overabundance of GABA.
experiencing a decrease in serotonin.
d. suffering
53
According to the government, what proportion of the population will experience a mental health illness at some point
25%
10%
50%
100%
54
Sensation refers to the process by which
information is organised and interpreted by the brain
stimulus intensity is compared by the brain
information is gathered by the senses
the sense organs feel emotion
55
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include:
responding to auditory hallucinations
lack of emotional expression
speech incorporating loose associations
presence of delusional systems
56
Classical conditioning was originally proposed by
John Watson
B F SKinner
Edward Thorndike
Ivan Pavlov
57
Cannon-Baird theory argues that:
emotion inducing stimuli simultaneously trigger bodily responses & emotions
experiences are significant factors affecting emotions and expression
emotion inducing stimuli cause bodily responses that trigger emotions
emotion inducing stimuli simultaneously trigger bodily responses & emotions