Enlightenment Philosophes 2020

Believed people in their natural state were good but were corrupted by the evils of society.

Each branch of government could Check each other to Balance Power between them - this prevented absolute monarchy

Believed to be the first outspoken Atheist, his views were even extreme for Enlightenment thinkers.

His main focus was legal reform; published "On Crimes and Punishment" in which he attacked torture & capital punishment

Author of Vindication of the Rights of Women

Believed women could only achieve equality by being educated equally to men. She is often known as the First Feminist.

Life in a state of nature was "nasty, brutish and short" and would be a constant war because man is born selfish

Proposed a separation of powers in government between three branches.

Believed Government rests in the General Will, or majority rules concept, of the people.

Believed in an absolute monarchy where people gave power to a king for protection.

Wrote Emile - Education should focus on curiosity rather than rote memorization, believed in Noble Savage Principle

Believed justice system should reform criminals and preserve social order instead of punishing criminals

Known as the First Philosophe because he was outspoken on many different topics.

Known as "The Jewish Socrates"; also advocated for religious toleration & inclusion of Jews into society

Who was known as the "Father of Capitalism", a "laissez faire" or hand off approach for the government in the economy.

Tabula Rasa - People are born a Blank or Clean Slate and impacted by their environment

Government should exist to protect common good, and be a pure democracy.

Meetings of Enlightened Philosophes where they discussed topics of the day were called....

Ardent Deist who promoted toleration - Most outspoken against the RCC - "Ecrasez L'enfame": Crush the thing (the church)

Believed and advocated for Enlightened Absolutists or Monarchs since this would allow rapid change to help people.

One of his famous quotes was :"The Invisible Hand guides the economy." He wrote this in his book The Wealth of Nations

Proposed a single direct tax on income from land to raise government revenue. Advocated for ending tariffs.

"All people are born with the natural rights of Life, Liberty and Property", and are therefore equal, including women!!!

Impacted by Locke, he was a Scottish Religious Skeptic and denounced miracles because there wasn't enough proof

Proposed and created The Encyclopedia - secular knowledge written by individual professionals on specific topics

Was mostly disliked by all other Philosophes because of his radical views and arrogance.