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Earth & Environmental Science NCFE Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Earth & Environmental Science NCFE Review
Earth & Environmental Science NCFE Review
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NC Final Exam Review
Flashcards
80 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
80
Answers
1
How could the removal of trees and other vegetation impact the LITHOSPHERE?
increasing erosion
decreasing oxygen production
increasing transpiration
increasing soil formation
2
Which gas makes up the largest component of the Earth’s atmosphere?
carbon dioxide (CO2)
argon (Ar)
oxygen (O2)
nitrogen (N2)
3
Which is the best example of human impacts on the biosphere?
deforestation
hunting
protecting endangered species
air pollution
4
Ocean tides observed at coastal locations each day are primarily caused by
Earth’s revolution around the Sun
the gravitational pull between the Moon, Sun, and Earth
seasonal changes in the compass location of sunrise
Earth's tilt relative to the sun
5
The layer with the highest amount of Humus (organic material) is known as layer
A
B
C
O
6
Our solar system is considered to be
heliocentric (sun in the center)
planetocentric (planet in the center)
socially awkward like Mrs. G
one of the biggest in the universe
7
Scientists can use the time differences between P-waves and S-waves to determine the following:
the magnitude of an earthquake
the epicenter of an earthquake
the intensity of an earthquake
the duration of an earthquake
8
digging a well along a coastal area will likely result in what?
a decrease in salt concentration in inlet waterways
the destruction of estuaries due to increases in sea level
the loss of water resources in estuaries
saltwater intrusion into aquifers
9
The formula MASS divided by VOLUME gives
Specific Gravity
Rate
Density
Gradient
10
A local government is considering building a dam. Which is an advantage of building a dam?
It is cheap, and reliable
it can improve the natural habitat of plants and animals.
It can reduce erosion
Lower air pollution
11
On a topographic map, lines spaced far apart indicate
gentle slopes
water
steep slopes
shallow rivers
12
Which is most likely a prevention strategy for flooding?
building artificial levees
recycling bottled-water containers
reducing water consumption
building waste landfills for metals and other contaminants
13
How can water be an agent for physical/mechanical weathering? (remember mechanics use tools)
absorbing gases in the air resulting in a chemical reaction
by absorbing sulfur oxides and creating acid precipitation
seeping into cracks of rocks: freeze, expand, break the rock
by seeping into soil and dissolving the minerals in rocks
14
Use the diagram to answer the question
S waves travel through solids and liquids
S waves cannot travel through liquid
P waves can't travel through solids
P waves travel through liquids only
15
How does a STRAIGHT alignment between Earth, the sun, and the moon impact the tides on Earth?
Neap Tide: lowest change in high and low tides
Neap Tide: greatest change in high and low tides
Spring Tide: greatest change in high and low tides.
Spring Tide: lowest change in high and low tides
16
What is the primary function of the clear glass of the greenhouse?
It allows all wavelengths of radiation to enter and escape.
It allows short waves in, but the long waves can't escapes.
It allows long waves to enter, but shortwaves can't escape.
It reduces the amount of insolation entering the greenhouse.
17
Which type of nuclear reaction is used by the Sun?
nuclear fission
nuclear disaster
nuclear fusion
nuclear cessation
18
Which weather change is most likely indicated by rapidly falling barometric pressure?
Humidity is decreasing.
A storm is approaching.
Skies are clearing.
Temperature is increasing.
19
__________ is evidence of Seafloor Spreading, while Seafloor Spreading is evidence of ________.
Reverse Polarity / Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift
Continental Drift / Plate Tectonics and Reverse Polarity
Magnetic Reversal / Reverse Polarity
Plate Tectonics / Reverse Polarity
20
Which of these is likely to occur after moist air is cooled below its dew point?
Water Condenses
Wind Forms
Ice Melts
Evaporation Increases
21
The movement of tectonic plates is inferred by many scientists to be driven by
solidification in the lithosphere
density differences in the troposphere
convection currents in the asthenosphere
tidal motions in the hydrosphere
22
Which consequence could an exponentially growing human population have ondrinkable water?
It could cause an increase in cases of waterborne diseases.
May cause an increase in amount of H2O available for humans.
It could cause a decrease in needing water for survival.
May cause a decrease in the amount of waste & pollutants.
23
Which events are most closely associated with mountains and volcanoes?
acid rain
tsunamis
geysers
earthquakes
24
The sun's surface is almost 6000 degrees K. Cool areas on the surface are known as
convection zones
solar flares
prominences
sunspots
25
Which is an example of point source pollution?
factory smokestack
land development
polluted runoff
acid rain
26
On a topographic map, _____ is measured as the distance above or below sea level
contour interval
topography
elevation
relief
27
Before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called
lava
magma
rock
volcanic ash
28
The seasons of the year on Earth are determined by the ____________.
shape of Earth's orbit relative to the sun
Speed of Earth's revolution
speed of Earth's rotation
tilt of the Earth's axis relative to the sun
29
Which is a major source of AIR pollution created by humans?
reforestation
nuclear power plants
industrial power plants
hydroelectric plants
30
The place where an earthquake originates is called the
Focus
Trench
Boundary
Epicenter
31
Which fuel source can be used to live more sustainably?
coal
natural gas
oil
biofuels
32
The youngest rocks on the ocean floor are typically located near what feature?
abyssal plain
a subduction trench
continental shelf
mid-ocean ridge
33
Earth moves fastest when it is closest to the Sun & slowest when farther away is explained by
Copernicus' Laws
Hubble's Law
Galileo's Laws
Kepler's Laws
34
Which would produce the most severe earthquake damage along the surface ofEarth?
an earthquake with a deep focus and a magnitude of 2.5
an earthquake with a deep focus and a magnitude of 4.5
an earthquake with a shallow focus and a magnitude of 2.5
an earthquake with a shallow focus and a magnitude of 4.5
35
Which variable could be changed by the experimenter?
independent variable
control variable
constant variable
dependent variable
36
What chemical has slowly depleted the Ozone layer of the years?
Monoflourocarbons (MFCs)
industrial runoff into a stream
Greenhouse Gases
Chloroflourocarbons (CFCs)
37
The picture below shows a _________ fault?
Normal
Transform
Reverse
Block
38
How would you describe the shape of Earth's planetary orbit?
oblate
spheriod
random revolution
elliptical
39
This is formed when impermeable rock forces groundwater to move up and flow onto the surface?
an aquifer
a well
a geyser
a spring
40
Which part of Earth’s interior has convection currents that cause tectonic plates to move?
inner core
outer core
asthenosphere
rigid mantle
41
If it is summer in the northern hemisphere, which statement is true?
It's winter in the southern hemi due to nutation
Its winter in the southern hemi due to the Earth’s tilt.
It's winter in the southern hemi due to Earth's revolution
It is winter in the southern hemi due to Earth's rotation .
42
What is the zero degree longitude line that runs through Greenwich, England?
Prime Meridian
Longitudinal Maximum
Equator
Great Circle
43
Which of the following systems purifies the water you drink?
rainwater treatment
drinking water treatment
wastewater treatment
nuclear water treatment
44
Earth’s outer core and inner core are both inferred to be
composed of a high percentage of iron and nickle
liquid
solid
the same temperature
45
What surface feature is NOT formed at an oceanic-oceanic CONVERGENT boundary?
volcanoes
mid-ocean ridge
trench
volcanic island arc
46
The length of an Earth day is determined by the time required for approximately one of
Earth's rotation
Sun's rotation
the Moon's revolution
Earth's revolution
47
The sun is in what stage of its life cycle?
white dwarf
protostar
main sequence star
red giant
48
Carbon dioxide and methane cause global warming because they are excellent absorbers of
infrared radiation (heat)
gamma rays
visible light
CFCs
49
Which type of renewable energy would work best on NC's coast?
wind
biofuel
hydroelectric
solar
50
Which diagram represents a divergent boundary?
B
D
A
C
51
What are humans most directly impacting when they kill off a species of plant or animal?
speciation
greenhouse effect
rates of weathering
biodiversity
52
This illustrates the change in DIRECTION of Earth's tilt every 26,000-27,000 years, known as
barycenter
radiation
nutation
precession
53
The sun produces energy through nuclear fusion by converting:
helium nuclei into hydrogen nuclei
hydrogen nuclei into a helium nucleus
Oxygen nuclei into carbon dioxide
Oxygen nuclei into nitrogen
54
Energy is produced within a star’s core by the process of
Insolation
Conduction
Radioactive decay
Nuclear Fusion
55
What is the approximate rate of Earth’s rotation?
1 rotation/year
1 rotation/hour
1 rotation/month
1 rotation/day
56
Why is there a full Moon approximately once a month?
The Moon rotates on its axis once a month.
the Moon revolves around the Sun once a month
The moon does not rotate on its axis
the Moon revolves around the Earth once a month
57
The observation that waves lengthen as objects move away and shorten as they approach is called
Kepler's Laws
Copernicus Effect
Hubble's Law
Doppler Effect
58
Which results from the unequal heating of the ocean water of Earth? (Poles=Cold, Equator=Warm)
ocean currents
rising sea levels
a constant sea level
tidal patterns
59
Why are ocean currents important to coastal regions?
They balance air temperatures along coastal regions.
They produce high and low tides along coastal regions.
Increases rates of precip. as cold water moves up the coast
They move warm H2O & nutrients to the surface along coasts.
60
Which part of the Sun’s electromagnetic spectrum has the shortest wavelength?
Radio
Infrared
UV
X-rays
61
In which atmospheric layer of Earth do thunderstorms occur?
stratosphere
mesosphere
thermosphere
troposphere
62
Put the following in order - from largest to smallest
Moon, Earth, sun, solar system, milky way galaxy, universe
Milky Way galaxy, solar system, Earth, universe, Moon
Earth, Milky Way galaxy, solar system, universe, Moon
Universe, Milky Way Galaxy, Solar System, Sun, Earth, Moon
63
The theory that our universe was created when all matter&energy was sent out from one point is
Big Bang Theory
String Theory
Quantum Physics
Theory of relativity
64
Which describes a disadvantage to adding large quantities of sand to stabilize the shoreline.
It is a short-term solution.
It creates a barrier preventing tides along coastlines.
It creates a wall disrupting the vegetation along coasts.
It causes inland erosion.
65
Which agent of erosion leads to the destruction AND formation of sand dunes?
gravity
wind
ice
water
66
The photo below demonstrates the "wobbling" of earth's axis during rotation and is known as
precession
nutation
barycenter
rotation
67
What causes the Earth to have seasons?
the tilt of Earth’s axis
the rotation of Earth on its axis
the barycenter of the Sun
nutation
68
In North Carolina, summer is warmer than winter because in summer North Carolina has
more hours of daylight andreceives low-angle insolation
fewer hours of daylight andreceives low angle insolation
fewer hours of daylight andreceives high angle insolation
more hours of daylight and receives high angle insolation
69
What is the source of energy for the sun?
internal combustion
nuclear fission of metals
burning of solar gasses
hydrogen fusion
70
Which structure can form as a result of a divergent plate boundary?
continent volcanic arc, due to the collision of two plates
continental mountain, due to the collision of two plates
mid-ocean ridge, due to uplift and separation of two plates
ocean trench, due to the separation of two plates
71
Which can lead to the depletion of the ozone layer of Earth?
burning compost
aerosols
vehicle exhaust
coal-fired power plants
72
The most destructive aspect of submarine earthquakes is the production of :
new crust
hotspots
tsunamis
ridges
73
What is the approximate location of point A?
21oS, 65oW
21oN, 65oW
21oS, 65oE
21oN, 65oE
74
How does heat from the sun get to Earth?
by convection, using liquids and gases to transfer theheat
by conduction, using solids to transfer the heat
as electromagnetic waves through radiation
by absorption, using primary waves to transfer heat
75
Identify
one
process that causes clouds to form on the windward side of a mountain
Sinking Air
Compression
Warming
Rising Air
76
Which of these is caused by the rotation of Earth?
Days and nights
Tides
A year
Spring and Fall
77
The most destructive aspect of submarine (underwater) earthquakes is the production of :
new crust
hotspots
ridges
tsunamis
78
Which statement describes the motion of Earth around the sun?
Earth revolves around the sun every 24 hours
Earth revolves around the sun every 30 days
Speed increases the farther Earth is from the sun .
Earth's velocity increases the closer it is to the sun
79
Which can help reduce human impacts on the atmosphere?
sustainable farming
burning fossils fuels
using pesticides
traditional farming
80
Why does the moon have a greater effect on the tides than the sun?
The moon rotates more quickly than the sun
the moon is solid while the sun is gaseous
The moon is closer than the sun to the Earth
The moon is larger than the sun