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GP-Exam 3 Review-F22 Flashcards | StudBud
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GP-Exam 3 Review-F22
GP-Exam 3 Review-F22
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1
In a variable schedule, reinforcement occurs
in an unpredictable manner.
in a predictable manner.
after a certain amount of time passes.
after a certain number of responses.
2
There was a train crash yesterday. When asked if trains are dangerous, I say "YES!" This illustrates ____.
framing
confirmation bias
the availability heuristic
overconfidence
3
Concepts that have strict rules about what belongs and what does not belong are ____.
natural concepts
gestalt concepts
artificial concepts
jungian concepts
4
Tina thinks that she needs 1 hour to write her paper. However, it actually takes her 6 hours. This illustrates __.
the availability heuristic
framing
confirmation bias
overconfidence
5
A child was bitten by a beagle. Now she is afraid of all dogs (not just beagles). This illustrates ___.
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
extinction
operant conditioning
6
You follow a step by step procedure to assemble your furniture from IKEA. You are using a(n) ___.
prototype
heuristic
algorithm
natural concept
7
The following normal distribution shows that most people's IQ is close to ____.
around 130
the mean of 100
the very highest score
70
8
How long can you hold information in short-term storage (without trying) before it is lost?
around 12 - 30 seconds
around 1 second (or even less)
around 2 months
around one day
9
Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment showed that children will ___.
learn to behave aggressively after watching another do so.
form expectations about their environment.
learn to associate a white rat and a loud noise.
become used to poor living conditions.
10
You have not ridden a bike for a year. But you get on one and you "remember" how to ride it.
This is an example of declarative memory
This is an example of implicit memory.
This is an example of semantic memory
This is an example of episodic memory
11
Retrograde amnesia happens when
you cannot remember things from infancy
you cannot form new memories after an event.
your memory slowly fades as you age.
you cannot retrieve memories from before an event.
12
Gardner believed that _____.
people either have intelligence or they don't
there are two types of intelligence (G factor and s factor)
there are multiple types of intelligence
there is only one concept of intelligence
13
IQ =
chronological age/ mental age
mental age/ chronological age
14
Which describes an association between an action and an outcome?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
15
Researchers believe that the reason we sometimes forget is _____.
memories just fade away over time (decay)
neurons in our brain die due to stress and aging.
interference
16
Encoding can be compared to
the surface of your desk
Writing down information
the hard drive of your computer.
a filing cabinet where you store informaiton
17
When people continue to belief something, even when shown ample evidence to the contrary.
availability heuristic
overconfidence
framing
belief perseverance
18
Rehearsal allow us to ___.
keep info. in short-term storage for longer than 30 secs.
store information in a way that we will never forget it.
get information back into sensory storage.
encode information
19
If Sasha gets an A on every test, she does not have to take the final. Sasha is experiencing ___.
negative punishment
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
20
When you can only think of possible solutions that have already been tried. You are stuck in ____.
functional fixedness
a mental set
belief perserverance
a crisis
21
The fact that 9 x 3 = 27 is stored in your ____ memory.
implicit
semantic
procedural
episodic
22
Which of the following is NOT something a cognitive psychologist would study
Emotion processing
Language development
Problem-solving
Reading comprehension
23
How many items of information can the average person store in short-term storage?
about 16
12 (+ or - 2)
about 10
7 (+ or - 2)
24
How long does information stay in sensory memory?
forever
very briefly (.25 - 3 seconds)
about 30 seconds
about 24 hours
25
Iconic sensory storage contains ____ info, while echoic sensory storage contains ____ info.
shallow, deep
visual, auditory
meaningful, irrelevant
conscious, unconscious
26
In a fixed schedule, reinforcement occurs ____.
in an unpredictable manner
after a certain amount of time passes.
after a certain number of responses.
in a predictable manner
27
In the image below, which is the CR?
light
blinking to the light
blinking to the air puff
air puff
28
In the image below, which item is the CS?
Light
Air puff
Blinking to the air puff
Blinking to the light
29
Episodic memory is a subtype of ____ memory
declarative
nondeclarative
30
The vending machine is broken. You put in $--sometimes you get food, sometimes not. You are on ___ .
a fixed ratio schedule
a fixed interval schedule
a variable ratio schedule
a variable interval schedule.
31
Declarative Memory is also known as
unconscious memory
explicit memory
procedural memory
implicit memory
32
Our ability to encode and store information will improve with all of the following EXCEPT ___.
deep processing
elaboration
mental imagery
distractions
33
When I say the word "bird," Sally automatically thinks of a blue jay. Blue jay must be her _____ bird.
unconscious
engram
prototype
base concept
34
The image below is an example of ____.
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
35
The "box" model of memory divides our memory storage into three parts, which are called ___.
sensory storage, short-term storage, and long-term storage
short-term storage, medium-term storage, long-term storage
temporary memory, semi-perm memory, and permanent memory
Box 1, Box 2, and Box 3
36
In a ratio schedule, reinforcement occurs
after a certain number of responses.
in an unpredictable manner.
in a predictable manner.
after a certain amount of time passes.
37
You get a paycheck every two weeks, no matter how many hours you worked. You are on a ____ schedule.
fixed interval
fixed ratio
variable interval
variable ratio
38
In an interval schedule, reinforcement occurs
after a certain number of responses.
in a predictable manner
in an unpredictable manner.
after a certain amount of time passes.
39
Short-term storage is also called
elaborative memory
long-term memory
forgetting
working memory
40
Timmy's mom gives him a popsicle every time he completes all of his homework. This is ___.
negative punishment
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
41
What area of the brain is responsible for converting our short-term memories into long-term memories?
pons
suprachiasmatic nucleus
hypothalamus
hippocampus
42
How much information from the outside world makes it into sensory memory?
75%
100%
25%
5%
43
I put $ into stocks. After 1 month, I made $75. Then it took 6 months to make another $75. I am on ___.
a variable ratio schedule
a fixed ratio schedule
a variable interval schedule
a fixed interval schedule
44
Everytime I pet my cat, he scratches me. I don't try to pet him anymore because I have experienced ____.
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
negative punishment
45
Memories are usually incomplete and flawed reconstructions of events that happened.
False
True
46
What are the three processes of memory?
encoding, storage, retrieval
encoding, short-term memory, long-term memory
sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
attention, retention, retrieval
47
June is in love. She notices the amazing things about her boyfriend, but is blind to his flaws. This describes ___.
availability heuristic
overconfidence
confirmation bias
framing
48
Humans can tell which parts of their memories are real and which parts are "contaminations."
False
True
49
What is the main difference between the UR and the CR in a classical conditioning study?
The CR is a learned response, while the UR is not.
The UR is learned, while the CR is not.
The CR is a stimulus, while the UR is a response
The UR is always food, while the CR is not.
50
Your memories of that time you went to the Grand Canyon with your family is stored in your ____ memory.
semantic
episodic
implicit
procedural
51
Flashbulb memories are
vivid memories of significance
temporary
repressed memories
false memories
52
"I learned a new crochet stitch on YouTube yesterday!" This means I am capable of ______.
positive punishment
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
53
In the image below, which item is the UR?
light
air puff
blinking to the air puff
blinking to the light
54
Proactive interference is when
new info. interferes with our ability to remember old info.
old info. interferes with our ability to remember new info.
55
In the image below, which item is the US?
blinking to the air puff
blinking to the light
light
air puff
56
What happens to information (that is in sensory storage) once we pay attention to it?
it is lost
it undergoes rehearsal
it is transferred to long-term memory
it immediately moves to short-term storage
57
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of selective attention?
it is constantly working.
you can fully attend to only one thing at a time.
stimuli compete for attention.
it turns off while you sleep.
58
One way to extinguish a fear is to ____.
expose yourself to the feared item (without the negative outcome).
pair together the item you are afraid of and pain.
59
The primacy effect (one of the serial position effects) refers to the fact that
We do not remember things from before two years old.
we remember the first items better than later ones.
We forget the first items on the list the fastest.
We remember the last items better than earlier ones.
60
Intelligence is a hypothetical construct. What is a hypothetical construct?
something that we desire more of
something that causes stress
something that we cannot directly observe.
something that we can directly measure
61
Why were the first intelligence tests developed?
for legal reasons
to identify gifted individuals
for the military
to screen children entering school
62
You notice that the lines on the page are words, but you haven't yet understood the paragraph.
You have processed the paragraph at an intermediate level
You have processed the paragraph at a shallow level
You have processed the paragraph at a deep level
63
Who invented the first intelligence tests?
Harry Harlow
Joan Wechsler
Alfred Binet
Sigmund Freud
64
30% chance of rain - take my umbrella. 70% chance it will not rain - leave umbrella at home.
overconfidence
availability heuristic
framing
belief perseverance
65
Your attention will "move" from thing A to thing B, if thing B is meaningful to you. This describes __.
the deepest level of processing
the elaboration effect
the cocktail party effect
an encoding failure
66
Tim's car won't start. His guess is that the battery is dead, so he asks Tara to give him a jump. He is using __.
a heuristic
an algorithm
a prototype
functional fixedness
67
Gerry hit a classmate and now has to go to "time out" and cannot play with the other children. This is ____.
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
negative punishment
68
I learned Spanish when I was young. Now I am learning Italian. Because of retroactive interference....
I can only recall the Spanish word for house (not Italian).
I can only recall the Italian word for house (not Spanish).
69
The following curve is known as a(n) _____.
linear distribution
skewed distribution
bimodal distribution
normal distribution
70
Which term describes an association between two stimuli?
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
71
For every 6 coffees I buy, I get the 7th one free. This illustrates ___.
a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement
a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement
a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement
a variable interval schedule of reinforcement
