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Logic review Flashcards | StudBud
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Logic review
Logic review
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1
. In the sentence, “If taxes are increased then the deficit will decrease,” what is the antecedent?
The deficit will increase.
Taxes are increased.
The deficit will decrease.
People must be willing to pay higher taxes.
2
If we know “some iceboxes are not refrigerators," what follows?
Some iceboxes are refrigerators.
Some refrigerators are iceboxes.
None of the above
Some refrigerators are not iceboxes.
3
Explanation, Argument or Neither?
Explanation
Neither
Argument
4
Which of the following does NOT characterize Deductive Validity?
One cannot assert the premise and deny the conclusion without contradiction
A reasonable person is totally certain about the truth of the conclusion.
The truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion.
If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.
5
What rule would you use to compute the probability of getting an A in history or math next semester?
Restricted conjunction
General conjunction
Restricted disjunction
General disjunction
6
Which of the following is
NOT
a characteristic of scientific reasoning?
Self-Conscious
Ongoing
Dogmatic
Hypothetical
7
Are the following statistics compatible?
Yes
No
8
Scientists rely on mathematics to ______? Which of the following could
NOT
go in the blank?
Make arguments difficult to refute.
Make precise predictions about future.
Reveal patterns in natural phenomena.
Record observations in a coherent way.
9
Which does not contain an instance of Add?
D
A
C
B
10
What kind of WFF is this:
(B · R)
v
~Q
Conjunction
Negation
Disjunction
Not a WFF
11
What fallacy do these syllogisms commit?
Undistributed middle
Illicit major
Exclusive premises
Existential fallacy
12
If we know “there are no sodas in the fridge” what follows?
A.If it’s a soda, it’s not in the fridge.
A.No sodas are things in the fridge.
A.No things in the fridge are sodas.
All of the above
13
BONUS ROUND
80%
50%
Not Enough Information
20%
14
In the sentence, “Students will get an A on the final if and only if they score a 93% or higher,” what is true?
93% or higher score a sufficient
93% or higher score a necessary condition
Neither
Both sufficient and necessary
15
What kind of statement is this? (A • B) > B
Contingent
Tautology
Self-contradiction
16
What is the relationship between these WFFs?
inconsistent but not contradictory
consistent but not logically equivalent
inconsistent and contradictory
consistent and logically equivalent
17
What argument form is this: Life has meaning only if God created humanity. God did create humanity, so life has meaning
Denying the Antecedent
Modus Ponens
Affirming the Consequent
Modus Tollens
18
Which argument is stronger?
A
B
19
Is the EEA-2 syllogism valid or invalid?
It’s valid.
It’s invalid because it has two negative premises.
It’s invalid because it has a negative conclusion and affirmative premises.
It’s invalid because the middle term is not distributed in either premise.
20
What is the
range
in this test score data?
66-63=3
95-6=89
16-6=10
95-16=79
21
Any law can be repealed by legislative authority. Gravity is a law, so gravity can be repealed by legislative authority
Vagueness
Prejudice
Equivocation
Bias
22
What is the value of (A ⊃ B) • A when A is false and B is true?
Not enough information
Both true and false
False
True
