What does the gyroscopic compass do?

knows the earth's rotation,moves its axis rotation to earths

Where does the relative motion of a transform fault occur?

Between the adjacent ridge axes

What does the Law of Constancy of Composition state?

proportions of ions are virtually constant, may vary

How does a Global Positioning System receiver calculate the distance to a GPS satellite?

By receiving a time-stamped signal from the satellite.

What is primary productivity a measure of?

Rate of production of organic carbon

What does a chemical equation with a negative delta G indicate?

Exothermic and may be spontaneous

Which of the following best defines the wavelength of a wave?

It is the smallest distance between two crests

Which best describes the behavior of high-energy waves of winter storms?

Move sand from the beach out to offshore bars

Where does primary production by marine plants occur?

is limited to the upper 200 meters of the sea

Which compelling piece of evidence supported the theory of seafloor spreading?

discovery and mapping of magnetic stripes on the seafloor

What was a major flaw in the 150AD maps drawn by Ptolemy?

Distortion of distance with longitude

What is the depth of the water a shallow-water wave is traveling in, by definition?

Less than one-twentieth of the wavelength

used to show the relationship between the height of the land and the depths of the ocean basins

Hypsographic (hip-soh-gra-fic) curve

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Quiz bowl Questions (multiple chioce)

100 termsStudBud Administration2 plays

This will test your studying skills while we had snow days and as we prepare for this competition that our school will go to the finals. Good luck.

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Questions 100

Answers

1
Which of the following organisms does NOT accumulate calcium carbonate?
Foraminifera
Cladocera
Coccolithophores
Pteropods
2
Which of the following is NOT a clay mineral found in marine sediments?
Illite
Chlorite
Kaolinite
Muscovite
3
Navydeveloped modelwillgiveglobalanalysisand forecastoutto6daysforgoodwave height and direction
COAMPS (Co-Amps)
NOGAPS (No-Gaps)
STWAVE (S-T-Wave)
WAM (wham)
4
Generally, what are conservative elements in seawater?
Used in photosynthetic activity
Major components
Easily dissolved
Minor components
5
What does the gyroscopic compass do?
Utilizes the relatively long term fixed positions the stars
Calculates magnetic variation
Indicates latitude and longitude
knows the earth's rotation,moves its axis rotation to earths
6
What device can be used to map sixty kilometer wide strips of ocean floor?
Altimeter remote sensing routines
Echo sounders
Side-scanning sonar systems
Explosion seismic surveys
7
In methane hydrates, what traps the methane gas?
Water
Carbon dioxide
Argon
Oxygen
8
What area did Project FAMOUS explore?
Mid-Atlantic Ridge rift valley
East Pacific Rise
Indian Ocean abyssal plain
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
9
name to the wind band between the horse latitudes and the doldrums in the Southern Hemisphere?
Southeast trade winds
Northeast trade winds
Polar easterlies
Prevailing westerlies
10
What are the two best developed senses in cetaceans?
Sight and smell
Sight and hearing
Taste and smell
Taste and smell
11
What is ConShelf III?
A remotely operated vehicle
An autonomous explorer
A manned submersible
An underwater habitat
12
Which man accomplished the first prevention of scurvy on his voyage?
Ferdinand Magellan
Nathanial Palmer
Vasco da Gama
James Cook
13
What is the salinity range where you would find the turbidity maximum in an estuary?
25 to 35 ppm.
5 to 15 ppm.
1 to 5 ppm.
15 to 25 ppm.
14
What is the most important source of nutrients for phytoplankton in the open ocean?
Mixing by internal waves
Salt fingers
Upwelling
Photic zone recycling
15
What is an example of a hydrogenous sediment?
Brown Red Clays
Manganese nodules
Calcareous oozes
Siliceous oozes
16
Which of the following is a component of siliceous ooze?
Coccolithophores
Radiolarians
Foraminifers
Pteropods
17
What type of deposits are formed by conditions no longer existing in that area?
Relict sediments
Defunct sediments
Anomalous sediments
Derivative sediments
18
What type of organism is Antarctic krill?
Salp
Amphipod
Euphausiid
Copepod
19
organism rp by shedding gametes into the sea depending upon the chance union of egg and sperm?
Galatheid crab
Octopus
Purple sea urchin
Blue whale
20
Where does the relative motion of a transform fault occur?
East of the adjacent ridge axes
Outside the adjacent ridge axes
Between the adjacent ridge axes
West of the adjacent ridge axes
21
At which latitude is there the most ocean and least amount of land present?
60 degrees North
30 degrees North
90 degrees South
60 degrees South
22
What does the Law of Constancy of Composition state?
The relative proportion of ions and their conconclusions
Ionic concentrations remain fairly constant regardless
proportions of ions are virtually constant, may vary
salinity change result in changes in the ionic concentration
23
Which marine mammal is known to use tools?
Beluga whale
White dolphin
Manatee
Sea otter
24
What is a wind blowing from the northeast to the southwest called?
Northeast
Southwest
Northerly
Northwest
25
two molecules increase concentration water as it travels from the North Atlan to North P ocean
Oxygen and nitrate
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Nitrate and carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide and carbon-14
26
How does a Global Positioning System receiver calculate the distance to a GPS satellite?
detecting the Doppler shifts in the satellite's transmission
Using trigonometry and a radio
By transmit and recev a radar signal aimed at the satellites
By receiving a time-stamped signal from the satellite.
27
Which of the following resulted in the production of an accurate map of the ocean floor?
Echo sounding was developed
Sound waves were discovered in water
Enough soundings using a weight had been made
Oceanographers used sound to locate submarines
28
commercial fishing method utilizes multiple baited hooks suspended beneath the ocean surface?
Trolling
Seining
Trawling
Longlining
29
The methods of electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, and ion exchange are used for which purpose?
Measuring current velocity
Determining residence time
Desalination
Determining water salinity
30
Which natural phenomenon does not cause a tsunami?
Tide
Volcanic eruption
Landslide
Earthquake
31
What is primary productivity a measure of?
Standing crop
Life expectancy
Rate of production of organic carbon
Rate of birth minus rate of death
32
someone drops a cork into the ocean how long does it to take for the cork to move to the shore?
1 week
A few hours
Maybe never
A few hours
33
Which wavelength of light could deep-sea animals most likely detect with their eyes?
Infrared
Visible light
Gamma rays
Ultraviolet
34
What is the sum of planetary and relative vorticity known as?
Absolute vorticity
Momentum vorticity
Wind vorticity
Positive vorticity
35
of the following which results in a increase in the speed of sound transmission in ocean water?
Increased turbulence
Decreased pressure
Increased temperature
Decreased salinity
36
Who discovered that the White Cliffs of Dover contained layers of coccolithophorids?
Robert Hooke
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Camillio Golgi
Robert Brown
37
What does a chemical equation with a negative delta G indicate?
Exothermic and may be spontaneous
Using energy and not spontaneous
Releasing energy and not spontaneous
Endothermic and spontaneous
38
Which of the following best defines the wavelength of a wave?
It is the distance from crest to trough measured horizontal
It is the distance from crest to trough measured vertically
It is the smallest distance between two crests
the time it takes for two troughs to pass a stationary point
39
Which best describes the behavior of high-energy waves of winter storms?
Move sand from the beach out to offshore bars
Build up sand spits and tombolos
Move sand from offshore bars onto the beach
Hold sand on the beach and keep the beach stable
40
Where is the feature called the Moho situated?
Beneath the asthenosphere
Within the asthenosphere
Between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Within the lithosphere
41
Where does primary production by marine plants occur?
occurs below the compensation depth only
is limited to the upper 200 meters of the sea
is limited to the aphotic zone
occurs at all depths
42
What is the name of the strait between Australia and Tasmania?
Torres
Bass
Cook
Brisbane
43
Where does the band of coral reef development extend to higher latitudes?
The east side of all oceans
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
The west side of all oceans
44
Which compelling piece of evidence supported the theory of seafloor spreading?
deep earthquakes along the Pacific Rim by Charles Richter
Sir Edward Bullard's geographic fit of the continents
submarine volcanic activity along mid-ocean ridges
discovery and mapping of magnetic stripes on the seafloor
45
What was a major flaw in the 150AD maps drawn by Ptolemy?
Distortion of distance with longitude
Distortion of topographic features
Distortion of distance with latitude
Distortion of surface currents in the Mediterranean
46
Which of the following is prohibited in US marine sanctuaries?
Fishing
Swimming
Shipping
Dredging
47
What is the depth of the water a shallow-water wave is traveling in, by definition?
Less than one-twentieth of the wavelength
Less than one-half of the wavelength
Less than the wavelength
Less than twice the wavelength
48
used to show the relationship between the height of the land and the depths of the ocean basins
Elevation matrix
Hypsometric diagram
Hypsographic (hip-soh-gra-fic) curve
Mercator projection
49
Which type of heat changes the state of a substance, but does not raise its temperature?
Latent heat
Sensible heat
Converting heat
Transforming heat
50
When does the higher berm on a beach form?
During the summer in times of low energy waves
During neap tides
During winter conditions
During high wave conditions at low tide
51
What is the second largest reservoir, by volume, on the planet?
Freshwater lakes
The atmosphere
Groundwater
Ice sheets and glaciers
52
22 years cannot be used to determine the sedimentation of deep-ocean sediments because:
its half-life is too long
its concentration in these sediments is too high to measure
its concentration in these sediments is too low to measure
its half-life is too short
53
What is the range of fine sand, on the Wentworth scale of particle size?
0.5 to 1 millimeter
0.125 to 0.25 millimeter
0.05 to 0.125 millimeter
0.25 to 0.5 millimeter
54
What type of reaction is cellular respiration considered?
Inorganic
Endothermic
Exothermic
Catalytic
55
What is the most abundant excess volatile on Earth?
water vapor
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
chlorine
56
W environment harm tope was produced during the 1954Bravothermonuclear detonation at Biki Atoll
Uranium 238
Nitrogen-15
Cesium 137
Carbon 14
57
Which of the following is NOT a scientific classification of a coral reef type?
Nearshore reef
Barrier reef
Fringing reef
Atoll reef
58
What do underwater earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, or explosions generate?
Tsunamis
Freak waves
Whirlpools
Eddies
59
How can you determine the sex of most species of crabs?
relative size of the Pincher claws
external sex organs
The Shape of the Abdominal plate
The color of the eyes
60
Which of the following is the result of the oxidation of organic matter in sediments?
Production of oxygen
Hydrothermal vent activity
Consumption of oxygen
Loss of clay particles
61
Why are chelators important to marine organisms?
They enhance feeding
They prevent sinking
They bind trace metals
They absorb sunlight
62
Which submarine first traveled under the ice pack?
USS Nautilus in 1958
USS Skate in 1958
USS Seadragon in 1960
USS Nautilus in 1932
63
What is the range of yearly accumulation of limestone in a typical square mile of a reef?
4000 to 7000 tons
10 to 50 tons
100 to 150 tons
100,000 to 500,000 tons
64
What is a geoid?
A sphere with an envelope of fluids
The shape of the earth
An oblate spheroid
A rotating sphere
65
Which of the following results in the high speed of sound in bottom ocean waters?
Low salinity
High temperature
low pressure
Increased density and pressure
66
W is the name for the point at which the moon is farthest away from the Earth during its orbit?
Equinox
Perigee
Neap
Apogee
67
Which ocean-related disaster caused the greatest loss of life in US history?
The Galveston Hurricane of 1900
Hurricane Andrew of 1992
The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906
The Johnstown Flood of 1889
68
Which of the following primarily causes the variation in the salinity of seawater?
Chloride ions
Carbon dioxide
Sodium ions
Water molecules
69
What is the name of the Eastern Boundary current in the South Atlantic?
Benguela Current
Canary Current
South Equatorial Current
West Wind Drift
70
What is the average salinity of the world's oceans?
10
35
50
25
71
What is the world's largest reef complex?
Palau Reef Tract
Belize Barrier Reef
Florida Keys Reef Tract
Australian Great Barrier Reef
72
What type of symbiotic relationship exists between zooxanthellae and coral?
Mutualism
Commensalism
Amensalism
Parasitism
73
Approximately, when did the North America began to separate from Europe?
1 billion years ago
50 million years ago
10 million years ago
200 million years ago
74
What is the speed of a wave equal to?
Wavelength divided by the frequency
Height of the wave divided by the period
Amplitude divided by the wavelength
Wavelength divided by the period
75
Which is an example of a neritic environment?
The sedimentary surface of the seafloor
Coastal ocean waters
The surface waters of the Great Lakes
An estuary
76
Which of the following is an implication of surface divergence?
Horizontal mixing must occur as a consequence
Productivity remains constant
Vertical circulation must occur as a consequence
Biological productivity will decrease
77
Which of the following was the basis of geologist's current estimate of the Earth's age?
Fossils
Continental Rocks
ocean floor rocks
Moon rocks and meteorites
78
Who first developed the concepts of latitude and longitude?
Eratosthenes (Ee-ra-tos-ten-nees)
Prince Henry the Navigator
Pythagorus
Ptolemy
79
In which suborder are slow swimming whales, which also lack teeth, classified?
Cetacea
Odontoceti
Mysticeti
Orcinae
80
does it take for an amount of water equal to the entire volume of the oceantocyclethrough hydro
1 billion years
1000 years
10 million years
100,000 years
81
Exclusive Economic Zones cover what percent of the seafloor?
52 percent
24 percent
36 percent
16 percent
82
Which of the following is the cause of red tides?
Photosynthesis, combining carbon and water in sunlight
Excess of iron compounds in the water
Planktonic bloom of red-colored microorganisms
Organic dyes emitted by nudibranchs and neustonic organisms
83
Near which city is the US National Hurricane Center located?
Miami
Tampa
Houston
Cape Canaveral
84
Which stimuli result in adaptations such as vertical migration andcountershading in marine life
Temperature
Salinity
Light
Pressure
85
How does increasing atmospheric pressure affect the boiling point of water?
Water does not boil at higher pressures
The boiling point decreases
The boiling point increases
The boiling point does not change
86
Which of the following is the greatest threat to most dune plants?
Human traffic
Wind blown sand
Hot summer temperatures
Salt spray
87
Which best describes the concept of hurricanes as heat transfer engines?
Transfer the sun's energy from the northern to the southern.
Transferthe sun's energy from the tropics to temperate zones
Transferthe sun's energy from temperate zones to the tropics
Transfer the sun's energy from temperate zones topolar zones
88
Which characteristic does not describe a tsunami?
It can pass across the deep ocean without being noticed.
is dangerous when one encounters a tsunami in the deep ocean
a length extending over 750 kilometers in the deep ocean.
exceedings 700 kilometers per hour in the deep ocean
89
Which of these oceanographic vehicles is the only autonomous vehicle?
ALVIN
NAUTILE
NR-1
ABE
90
What is an autotroph?
A generator of its own food
A consumer of animals
A consumer of plants
A producer of reduced carbon
91
Which three factors are responsible for hypoxic zones in the northern Gulf of Mexico?
Coastal erosion, sedimentation, and spring overturn
Vessel sewage discharges, nutrient elevation, and up welling
Pesticide-laden runoff, high winds, and strong currents
High river vertical stratification biological oxygen demand
92
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Langmuir circulation?
It occurs only where there is coastal upwelling
It is produced by the wind
It was first observed in the Sargasso Sea
It results in streaks of foam and debris along the surface
93
What is the carbon source for marine autotrophic organisms?
Inorganic carbon.
Dissolved organic carbon.
Particulate organic carbon.
Phytoplankton.
94
happens to the speed of sound when there is an increase in temperature, pressure, or salinity?
factors influential than temperature, pressure, and salinity
Decreases
Remains the same
Increases
95
Which activity has the least impact on seagrass communities?
Watershed development
Fertilizing farmlands
Boating
Overharvesting
96
the following isn't of marine phytoplankton that makes up a major portion of marine sediments?
Dinoflagellates
Coccolithophorids
Radiolarians
Diatoms
97
What type of plate is the San Andreas fault?
Transform plate boundary
Convergent plate boundary
Transcurrent plate boundary
Divergent plate boundary
98
langitude when the smallest angle between the horizon and the North Star Polaris is 22 degrees?
44 degrees N
22 degrees N
78 degrees N
46 degrees N
99
How is organic matter produced in the ocean classified?
Terrigenous
Autochthonous
Allochthonous
Hydrogenous
100
From what does the Sargasso Sea, located within the North Atlantic gyre, gets its name?
A Portuguese word for 'warm water
A type of seaweed that is common there
The unusual clarity of its waters
A Norse word for 'calm seas'

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