vidence-based practice process that require new skills to be developed. What do these skills include

Clinical questions, searching for research, evaluating clinical literature

The hierarchy of evidence from top to bottom is

RCT, clinical trials, observational study, case reports, anecdotal finding

Researchers who fail to gain ethical approvals and carry out unethical research may face disciplinary action from?

The Law, professional bodies and employers

Pragmatism involves the merging of positivist & interpretivist philosophies

What is a Cohort study?

Medical research used to investigate the causes of disease

What sort of information might reasonably be considered as confidential?

Any or all of information of a personal, intimate or sexual nature

A set of data values that appears the most often.

What does Triangulation in mixed methods research mean?

convergence of the results which increases their validity&minimises bias

What are the 3 essential elements of valid consent?

Capacity, enough information to make a decision and an absence of duress

Evidence Informed Decision Making

Name 2 UK based organisations that provide advice and guidance on ethics in research

Research Ethics Service and Nursing and Midwifery Council

Which type of clinical question may best be answered using an interpretative/ qualitative research design

Questions about meanings/experiences

Which one of these are examples of quantitative data collection tools?

Experiments, clinical trials, closed questionnaires

What are the benefits of EIDM

Lessen gap between good research & practice

Mixed methods research allows what?

Allows deeper exploration of diverse viewpoints and perspectives

Which of the following is a key assumption when undertaking qualitative research

its based on inductive reasoning

Which of the following best describes the qualities of Qualitative Research?

Interpretivist, inductive, subjective and transferable

Double blinding means?

Patients and investigators dont know the type of treatment being received

What must be done before any research in healthcare settings or on patients, or tissue is carried out?

National and local ethic committee approached and their approval gained

A categorical variable is?

Made up of groups of data like a cat or dog

Probability sample means?

Every member of population has a probability above 0 of being selected

What best describes the importance of including confidence intervals with research results?

Indicate clinical significance when result aren't statistically significant

What are Beauchamp and Childress’s 4 ethical principles

Autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and non justice

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NRS502 Questions

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Questions 35

Answers

1
vidence-based practice process that require new skills to be developed. What do these skills include
Funding research, consulting with patients, evaluating clinical literature
Clinical questions, research, evaluating clinical literature
Clinical questions, searching for research, evaluating clinical literature
Research proposals, undertaking research, using research in practice
2
Which of the following is not an example of a qualitative research methodology?
Grounded Theory
Ethnography
Experimental
Narrative
3
Explanatory sequential means doing data collection which way round?
Qualitative then quantitative
Quantitive then Qualitative
4
Which qualitative methodology may be used when looking at how behaviour of individuals is influenced by their culture
grounded theory
narrative
ethnography
phenomenology
5
The hierarchy of evidence from top to bottom is
RCT's, clinical trial, anecdotal finding, observational study, case report
Observational studies, case reports, RCT, clinical trials
RCT, clinical trials, observational study, case reports, anecdotal finding
RCT, observational studies Clinical Trials, case reports
6
What does this statement describe?
Inferential statistics
Descriptive statistics
Median
Mean
7
Researchers who fail to gain ethical approvals and carry out unethical research may face disciplinary action from?
Employers only
Professional bodies and employers only
The law only
The Law, professional bodies and employers
8
Pragmatism means?
Pragmatism involves the merging of positivist & interpretivist philosophie
Pragmatism involves the merging of positivist & interpretivist philosophies
Pragmatism involves just using the positivist philosophies
Pragmatism involves just interpretivist philosophies
9
What is a Cohort study?
Medical research used to investigate the causes of disease
Participants are not randomised in groups but placed there.
Compares patient who have a disease with patients who dont have the disease
Scientific experiment with random assignment of participants to groups
10
What sort of information might reasonably be considered as confidential?
Any or all of information of a personal, intimate or sexual nature
No information is considered confidentual
Only intimate information is confidential
Only information of a sexual nature is considered confidential
11
What of the following statement is true of inductive reasoning in research
It is used in quantitative research
It can generate theory
It takes a positivist approach
It is used in experimental research
12
Which qualitative methodology may be used to study participants who have experience a particular phenomenon
phenomenology
grounded theory
narrative
ethnography
13
What is mode?
A set of data values that appears the most often.
It implies an average of the data
Would be the mean of the two middle numbers of the data
A set of data values that appears least often.
14
What does Triangulation in mixed methods research mean?
convergence of the results which increases their validity & increases bias
convergence of the results which increases their validity & maximises bias
convergence of the results which increases their validity&minimises bias
no convergence of the results which decreases their validity&minimises bias
15
Which of the following sampling methods would you expect to see in Qualitative research study?
Purposive
Systematic
Stratified
Simple Random
16
What are the 3 essential elements of valid consent?
No capacity, enough information to make a decision and an absence of duress
Capacity, no information to make a decision and an absence of duress
Capacity, enough information upon which to make a decision and duress
Capacity, enough information to make a decision and an absence of duress
17
What does EIDM mean
Evidence Informed Decisive Making
Evidential Informed Decide Making
Evidence Information Decision Making
Evidence Informed Decision Making
18
Name 2 UK based organisations that provide advice and guidance on ethics in research
Research Ethics Service and Nursing and Midwifery Council
Nursing Midwifery Council and the Royal College of Nurses
WHO and National Ethics commitee
Research Panel board and the Royal College of Nurses
19
Which type of clinical question may best be answered using an interpretative/ qualitative research design
Questions about clinical outcomes
Questions about meanings/experiences
Questions about prognosis
Questions about diagnosis
20
Which one of these are examples of quantitative data collection tools?
Experiments, questionnaires, focus groups
Experiments, clinical trials, closed questionnaires
Interviews, focus groups and open questionnaires
Experiments, surveys and one to one interviews
21
What are the benefits of EIDM
To not improve overall approach to health
Decrease information for patients
Less effective use of resources
Lessen gap between good research & practice
22
Mixed methods research allows what?
Allow limited exploration of viewpoints and perspectives
Allows deeper exploration of diverse viewpoint &researcher perspective only
Allows deeper exploration of limited viewpoints and some perspectives
Allows deeper exploration of diverse viewpoints and perspectives
23
What is the standard of consent required in law in the UK
Valid consent
Assumed consent
Implied consent
Forced consent
24
Which question formation tool is useful for developing qualitative research questions?
SPIDER
SPIPER
SPEDER
SPIDAR
25
Which of the following is a key assumption when undertaking qualitative research
its based on objectivity
it tests a hypothesis
its based on deductive reasoning
its based on inductive reasoning
26
Which of the following best describes the qualities of Qualitative Research?
Interpretivist, inductive, subjective and transferable
Positivist, cause and effect, deductive, objective and Generalisable
27
What does RCT mean?
Raised Controlled Trials
Random Controlling Trails
Randomised Controlled Trials
Random Controlled Trails
28
Double blinding means?
Patients and investigators dont know the type of treatment being received
Patient, investigator and person responsible for analysing data dont know
The patient does not know the type of treatment they are receiving
The patients and investigators do know the type of treatment being received
29
What must be done before any research in healthcare settings or on patients, or tissue is carried out?
NHS ethics committees are approached and advice is given
Non-national ethics commitees much be approached and approval not sought
No approach required national & local ethic committee as is covered by NHS
National and local ethic committee approached and their approval gained
30
A p value needs to be what, to be consider statistically significant?
0.05 or below
>0.05
Only less than 0.05
0.005 only
31
Can qualitative research include numbers
Yes
No
32
A categorical variable is?
No one thing is higher than the other
Two distinct types of things
Made up of groups of data like a cat or dog
Is designed to rank the data
33
Probability sample means?
Every member of population has a lower probability than 0 of being selected
Not every element of the population has an opportunity to be selected
Subjects happen to be in the right place at the right time to be recruited
Every member of population has a probability above 0 of being selected
34
What best describes the importance of including confidence intervals with research results?
They indicate whether the sample is large enough
They tell you if data is missing from the sample
Indicate clinical significance when result aren't statistically significant
They indicate the p-value
35
What are Beauchamp and Childress’s 4 ethical principles
Autonomy, non-maleficence, no benefit and justice
Autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice
Autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and non justice
Autonomy, maleficence, beneficence and justice

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