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Chapter 3- Cells Flashcards | StudBud
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Chapter 3- Cells
Chapter 3- Cells
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The Human Body in Health and Illness
Flashcards
65 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
The function of a ribosome is most closely associated with respiration.
True
False
2
The movement of sodium ions from low to high concentrations is done by
osmosis.
active transport.
diffusion.
facilitated diffusion.
3
Cytoplasm occurs between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope of a cell.
False
True
4
Lipids are synthesized in
the rough E.R.
the liver
the smooth E.R.
the golgi apparatus.
5
The anaphase of mitosis involves centromeres and copied parts of chromosomes becoming separated
True
False
6
The function of the nucleus is to
transfer energy.
direct activities of the cell.
allow substances to move in and out of cells.
form mitochondria.
7
As a cell grows,
surface area increases to a lesser degree than its volume.
volume increases to a lesser degree than its surface area.
the relationship between surface area and volume is the same
its need for nutrients increases less than its need for O2.
8
Osmosis is a special case of diffusion.
True
False
9
Which of the following correctly describes the structural arrangement of the cell membrane?
3 layers; lipids inside, proteins - middle, and carbs out
strong layers of proteins where carbs. freely float.
a bilayer of phospholipids in which proteins are imbedded
a solid, rigid layer of phospholipid & loose bound proteins
10
Which of the following is not a factor in that influences the rate of diffusion?
the distance of diffusion
the concentration of the substance
the amount of energy available for transport molecules
the molecular weight of the the diffusing molecules
11
Which of the following factors is associated with causing cancer?
viral infections
altered genes
exposure to radiation
all of the above
12
An organelle with fluid filled membrane sacs with folded inner lining where respiration occurs.
Mitochondria
E.R.
Lysosome
Golgi Apparatus
13
Peroxisomes most closely resemble lysosomes.
False
True
14
If the concentration of glucose in the H2O outside the cell is higher than the concentration in
glucose will tend to enter the cell by osmosis.
glucose will tend to leave the cell by osmosis.
water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis.
water will tend to enter the cell by osmosis.
15
A lysosome is an example of a cellular organelle.
False
True
16
If a nerve cell has high Na+ inside & K+ outside, the diffusion of Na+ is out and K+ is in.
False
True
17
An example of phagocytosis is a white blood cell engulfing a large liquid protein droplet.
True
False
18
A membrane that allows some things to pass but not others is called
diffusion.
active transport.
selectively permeable.
osmosis.
19
The movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration depends upon the presence of
atmospheric pressure.
hydrostatic pressure.
osmotic pressure.
None of the above.
20
Because of mitosis and cytoplasmic division, the resulting cells contain
identical chromosomes.
none of the above.
both identical chromosomes and DNA information.
identical DNA information.
21
In what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes duplicate?
metaphase
prophase
interphase
telophase
22
The organ that functions to "package" cellular proteins for secretion is the
Golgi Apparatus.
Ribosomes.
Smooth E.R.
Rough E.R.
23
Which of the following organelles have their structure and function correctly described?
Lysosome-contain enzymes capable of digesting substances
Golgi apparatus-synthesize proteins
all are correct
Peroxisomes-contain digestive enzymes
24
What would occur if a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
The cell will swell and may eventually burst.
The cell will shrink.
Nothing; the cell will stay the same.
Only permeable substances will leave the cell.
25
Tiny droplets of liquid can pass into the cell by
diffusion.
exocytosis
pinocytosis.
phagocytosis.
26
The two major components of the cell membrane are
proteins and carbs.
lipids and proteins
lipids and carbs.
carbs. and polysaccharides.
27
The outer membrane of the Rough E.R. has organelles on it called.
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Vesicles
Ribosomes
28
An isotonic solution
all are correct.
has water entering and leaving a cell in equal amounts.
has the same osmotic pressure as the cells in the solution.
contains same concentration of solute particles as the cell.
29
Factors that increase the rate of diffusion are
distance involved.
concentration of the substance.
all of the above.
weight of molecules.
30
Long, slender tubes that form an "internal skeleton" within the cell.
Actin
Microfilaments
Centrioles
Microtubules
31
Which of the following processes involves the use of specific carrier molecules?
active transport
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
dialysis
32
Chromatin folding is determined by
which chromosome is considered.
the # of proteins accessing the chromatid.
the stage of mitosis.
whether the gene is active.
33
Active transport is a physiological process because__,diffusion is a physical process because__
pumps molecules from low to high, high to low no energy
depends on life process and needs energy,nonliving no energy
none are correct
involves physiology, moves high to low with no energy
34
The structure and function of membrane proteins are
globular proteins to create channels.
tightly coiled rodlike molecules so the membranes permeable.
rigid 2-layer chains to make the membrane less H20 permeable
bilayers of amino acids to give strength and shape to cells.
35
What characteristic is shared by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Both require energy for transport.
Involve moving substances from high to low without energy.
Both require special carrier molecules.
Both involve the movement of water across the membrane.
36
Which of the following transport processes do not require the use of cellular energy?
phagocytosis
facilitated diffusion
active transport
pinocytosis
37
Vesicles are formed by an action of the
lysosomal membrane.
cell membrane.
E.R.
nuclear membrane.
38
Organelles are distinguished from inclusions in that organelles are___,where inclusions are___.
nonfunctional structures; functional structures
masses of lifeless chemicals;masses of chems. vital to life
functional structures; storage sites of lifeless chemicals
small organs; vital sites where important functions occur
39
The cell membrane functions to
all of the above.
provide a barrier to water-soluble substances.
control the entry and exit of various substances.
maintain the wholeness of the cell.
40
Differentiation seems to result from
different DNA info. being "turned on" in different cells.
different cells possessing different kinds of chromosomes.
none of the above.
different cells possessing different kinds of DNA info.
41
A selectively permeable membrane is defined as one that
is leaky or allows substances to leak through
allows some substances through but not others.
allow all organic substances through but excludes inorganic.
allows all substances to pass through.
42
Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of
pinocytosis.
none of the above.
receptor-mediated endocytosis.
phagocytosis.
43
Certain White Blood Cells take in bacterial cells by phagocytosis.
True
False
44
During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes line up between 2 centrioles.
False
True
45
The relationship of osmotic pressure and number of solute particles in a solution is the
greater osmotic pressure = lower # of solute particles.
lower the # of solute particles = greater osmotic pressure.
greater # of solute particles = lower osmotic pressure.
greater the # of solute particles = greater osmotic pressure
46
The life cycle of a cell in order are mitosis, interphase, cytokinesis, and differentiation.
False
True
47
Mitochondria function to manufacture proteins.
True
False
48
Interphase is the stage of mitosis that precedes telophase and involves chromosome formation.
True
False
49
Membranes of adjacent cells become fused to form a gap junction.
False
True
50
The 2 major parts composing a cell,along with the membrane surrounding each part are___& the___
nucleus and nuclear envelope; nucleoplasm and neurilemma
cytoplasm and cell membrane; organelle and nuclear envelope
nucleus and nuclear envelope; cytoplasm and cell membrane
cytoplasm and nuclear envelope; nucleus and cell membrane
51
Pinocytosis involves ____, whereas phagocytosis involves ____.
cell membrane engulfing solids, a membrane engulfing liquids
using cellular energy, uses no energy
cells engulfing liquids, cells engulfing solids
cell eating, cell drinking
52
Which of the following organelles have their structure and function correctly described?
Microfilaments-tiny rods of protein cause cellular movements
Vesicles-contain various substances that recently entered
Microtubules-form internal skeleton of the cell
all are correct
53
The spreading of molecules from high to low concentrations is called.
Osmosis
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
54
The defining characteristic of a stem cell is
finite replicative potential.
the ability to turn into another cell type.
self-repair.
self-renewal.
55
E.R. is best described as a
cellular inclusion
formless liquid.
network of interconnected membranes.
membranous sac.
56
The condition where solute particles are evenly distributed in a solvent is called.
isotonic.
equilibrium.
hypertonic.
hypotonic.
57
Which of the following describes a lysosome?
a nonmembranous structure involved in cell reproduction
a complex network of interconnected membranes in the cell
an organelle that contains powerful enzymes to break down
an organelle that is called "the powerhouse" of the cell
58
The process by which cells develop different characteristics is called differentiation.
False
True
59
Osmosis is defined as the movement of
ions from low to high concentrations through a membrane.
water from a low to a high concentration through a membrane.
water from a high to low concentration through a membrane.
molecules from high to low concentrations.
60
The movement of waste substances from the blood into the kidney tubules is done by
diffusion.
active transport.
osmosis.
filtration.
61
The telophase of mitosis involves chromosomes elongating and forming chromatin threads.
True
False
62
Desmosomes function primarily to allow nutrients to move between adjacent cells.
True
False
63
Untreated cancer cells damage normal cells by
all of the above.
competing for nutrients, and interferes with normal function
eating away the cell membrane of healthy cells.
giving off toxins.
64
Cells lose water when placed in which of the following solutions?
Rinter's Lactate
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic
65
The main function of cristae is to
increase surface area for chemical reactions.
facilitate diffusion of substances into the mitochondria.
increase chemical transport within the mitochondria.
supply enzymes for reactions.
