BIOL 110

Low radiation exposure with late radiation response (cancer, leukemia, genetic effects)

Early radiologists, revisited late effects which were termed

The key molecular target is ___

Radiation Damage to DNA or RNA may result in cell death or late effects

Who provided the greatest information on radiation induced leukemia in humans

Theory that little radiation stimulates hormonal and immune responses - extendending lifespan

radiation doses low as ___ rad (100mGy) can reduce the number of Spermatozoa

___ ___ is the stage of acute radiation syndrome which signs and symptoms are apparent

Severe damage to DNA occurs within the ___

Which are immature cells not called

High dose exposure and early response (SKIN BURNS)

Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau - Tissues with high ____ activity are radiosensitive

Which is not of the 3 types of Risk Estimates

Uranium decay product, that’s a gas emanated through rocks

Law of Bergonie and tribondeau - the ___ trimester is the most radiosensitive

Includes molecules containing a SULFHYDRYL group such as CYSTEINE and CYSTEAMINE

The HEmopoietic system does not consist of which one

In MEIOSIS there are how many chromosomes and pairs

no dose is safe

Fractionated

Particle originated in the nuclei of radioactive atoms. Travels 10-100cm in air

The lethal effects of radiation are determined by observing ___ ___, not cell death

LEUKEMIA has a LATENT period of ____ years

Most radiosensitive target molecule

A dose requires a threshold greater than zero to produce a response

Response to radiation exposure as directly proportionate. When radiation dose is doubled, response is doubled

The study of genetics of cells

Deformity may be detected from cell damage. ____ chromosome aberrations can lead to cell death

Acute clinical symptoms that occur within hours of exposure-nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

During RADIATION THERAPY, aprox ___ rad/day, for 5 days a week

Radiation induced CATARACTS occur on the ____ pole of the eye lens

H+ and OH- may also recombine with another type of free radical, ___ to form a hydrogen peroxide molecule

The MATURE FOLLICLE is the most radiosensitive phase of female cell ____

Somatic cell proliferation

Radiolysis of Water

If the initial ionizing event occurs on the target molecule

More radio sensitive than cytoplasm

Linear Energy Transfer is:

RADIOSENSITIZERS - all agents have an effectiveness ratio of about ____

Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau - ____tissues and organs are radiosensitive

Any dose, regardless of size, is expected to produce a response

Most radiosensitive phase of the male fell maturation

dose relationship for radiation induced cataracts is non linear, threshold, an acute xray exposure is aprox __ rad (2Gy)

Biologic targets such as enzymes, viruses, and simple cells, bacteria

In Hematopietic system, After exposure, the first cells to become effected are the

____ ___ themselves are highly reactive and energetic which can be transferred to DNA, resulting in a BOND BREAKAGE

Recovery = Intracellular Repair + Repopulation

Diagnostic X Rays have a Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of ___

Erythrocytes are less sensitive, than other blood cells

applies to More complicated biological systems such as human cells

Do not increase in direct, proportionate to dose and is represented as a curve in a graph

Radiation damage to GONADAL cell DNA can result in ____ genetic information to offspring

If enough cells of the type die, then a particular tissue or organ can be ____

If the initial ionizing event occurs on a distant, noncritical molecule, which transfers the energy

In air, alpha particles can travel approximately ___cm

Which are Radiosensitizers

Large central structure. Control center of cell

Doses as low as ___ rad (100 mGy) May delay or suppress menstruation

Local tissue effects- chronic irradiation of the ___ May result in nonmalignant changes

Macromolecules have small, spur-like side structures that extend off the main chain

Theory that a cell will die if target molecules are inactivated resulting from radiation exposure

Which are two important functions of DNA replication

The oxygen effect