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Biology Spring Final
Biology Spring Final
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1
Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to:
nuclei.
mitochondria
chloroplasts.
cytoplasm.
2
If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis:
the gamete cannot join another to form an organism.
the gametes redistribute chromosomes after meiosis.
some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes.
only two gametes may form intead of four.
3
Similar patterns of embryological development in different but related organisms are responsible for the formation of:
intermediate fossil forms.
vestigial structures.
homologous structures.
analogous structures.
4
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules:
each with two new strands.
each with one new strand and one original strand.
each with two original strands.
one with two new stands and the other with two original strands.
5
The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because:
nutrients flow in one direction, and energy recycles.
energy flows in one direction and nutrients cycle
energy forms chemcial compounds, and nutrients are lost as heat.
energy is limited in the biosphere, and nutrients are always available.
6
What happens during translation?
A protein is assembled in the nucleus.
DNA molecule is copied.
An mRNA strand is formed in the nucleus.
A protein is assembled in the cytoplasm.
7
A human male inherits:
two copies of every gene located on the X chromosome.
all of the same genes that a human female inherits
twice as many sex chromosomes as a human female inherits.
one copy of every gene located on the Y chromosome.
8
Geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because it:
prevents interbreeding within each population.
increases differences in courtship behavior.
causes temporal isolation of the two populations.
prevents interbreeding between the populations.
9
The pelvis and femur are both involved with walking for humans. In whales, the pelvis and femur bones are:
acquired traits.
examples of fossils.
vestigial structures.
examples of natural variation
10
A lion stalks, kills, then eats an antelope. Based on its behavior, which pair of ecological terms describes the lion?
herbivore, decomposer
producer, heterotroph
autotroph, herbivore
carnivore, consumer
11
If an organism's diploid number is 44, its haploid number is:
44
11
22
88
12
If heterozygous is crossed with homozygous recessive, what is the chance that the offspring will be dominant?
75%
50%
100%
25%
13
Using the decoder ring, what does UAG code for?
Stop Codon
start codon (MET)
Leucine (LEU)
Tryptophan (TRP)
14
A trait with one gene and two alleles with simple dominance will result in:
one phenotype.
two phenotypes.
millions of phenotypes.
four phenotypes.
15
Which type of RNA brings the amino acid to the site of protein synthesis?
mRNA
rRNA
RNA polymerase
tRNA
16
In what way is DNA like a book?
DNA has information that is periodically updated.
DNA has information organized with a kind of index.
DNA has information wrapped in an identifying cover.
DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on.
17
DNA makes a good molecule for storing information because:
it can absorb UV light, so DNA can help protect cells from radiation.
its bases can be joined in any order.
each nucleotide within a DNA strand can give a cell different information.
it is a type of nuclei acid; an important part of the information storage.
18
In this figure, which enzyme is adding base pairs to the strand?
histones
DNA polymerase
chromatin
nucleosomes
19
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that reads CCTGAG produces a strand with the bases:
GGUCAC
CCTGAG
GGACTC
GGACUC
20
When humans selectively breed organisms, they take advantage of:
the ideal traits produced by genetic engineering.
the natural variations that exist among individuals.
recombination plasmids with foreign DNA.
drugs and radiation that can cause new mutations to arise.
21
Trace the transfer of information in most organisms.
RNA to protein to DNA
DNA to RNA to protein
RNA to DNA to protein
protein to DNA to RNA
22
Darwin's theory of evolution states that those who survive are best suited to their environment. This survival is due to
inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.
choices made by plant and animal breeders.
adaptations developed through use or disuse.
lack of competition within a species (intraspecies)
23
Which of the following is an exampe of codominance?
A black chicken mated with a white chicken produces a "blue" chicken.
A cross between a red flower and a white flower produces pink flowers.
Traits that are controlled by more than one gene like height, IQ, eye color
Traits like hemophilia that are carreid on the X chromosome.
24
From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?
tRNA
DNA
rRNA
proteins
25
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
deoxyribose + phosphate group + adenine
cytosine + phosphate grouyp + guanine
deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase
adenine + phosphate group + thymine
26
Sea otters live in the ocean. Which of the following is NOT likely to be a limiting factor on the sea otter population?
competition
predation
disease
drought
27
How many nucleotides are found in 4 codons?
12
3
6
9
28
If a pea plant's alleles for height are tt, which is true of the parents?
Both parents are short.
Both parents contributed a dominant allele.
Both parents contributed a recessive allele.
Both parents are tall.
29
Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of:
adenine is about equal to guanine
thymine is about equal to adenine.
adenine is much greater than thymine
cytosine is greater than guanine
30
One end of this graph shows an increase in average beak size for a population of birds. What type of selection is this?
disruptive selection
genetic drift
directional selection
stabilizing selection
31
Which of the following does not support Darwin's theory of evolution?
Species descend from common ancestors.
Inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring.
Species can become extinct.
Evolution takes place in the natural world.
32
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA replication happens:
before cell division.
in the nucleus.
around the histones.
only to telomeres.
33
There are 64 possible codons and only 20 amino acid. Which of the following is true?
Each codon specifies a different amino acid.
Each amino acid is specified by only one codon.
Some amino acids have no link to a codon.
Several different codons can specify the same amino acid.
34
The algae at the beginning of this food chain are:
primary producers.
heterotrophs.
primary consumers.
decomposers.
35
A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight. What is the gas?
carbon dioxide
oxygen
glucose
methane
36
For this sex-linked pedigree, what is true about the mother represented by circle 6?
She has no alleles for the disorder.
She has two alleles for the disorder.
She has the genotype XXY.
She has one allele for the disorder
37
How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a parent whose genotype was GGRr?
4
2
16
8
38
If a woman with blood type O and a man with blood type B produce an offspring, what might be the offspring's blood type?
B,or O
A, B, or O
AB or O
A, B, AB, or O
39
According to this decoder chart, which code specifies the same amino acid as CUU?
AUU
UCC
GAA
UUA
40
If a mutation introduces a different trait, which factor will determine if the frequency of the allele will increase?
whether the new trait is an advantage
whether the mutation was caused by nature or by human intervention
how many phenotypes the population has
how many other allels are present
41
Which nucleotides(s) in this figure indicates the nucleic acid is RNA?
adenine
guanine
cytosine
uracil
42
Hemophilia is more common in males than in females because the allele for hemophilia is:
dominant and located on the X chromosome.
recessive and located on the X chromosome.
recessive and located on the Y chromosome.
dominant and located on the Y chromosome.
43
In a certain bird population of 100 individuals, 20 of them suddenly choose to move away. What changed the gene pool?
nonrandom mating
immigration
natural selection
emigration
44
In a group of lizards, the red skin allele frequency declines from 40 to 20. What does this say about the population?
The population is not evolving.
The population is evolving.
The population is expanding.
The population is decreasing.
45
Which of the following is a food chain in the food web shown below?
grass, caterpillar, robin, fox
tree, deer, mountain lion, rabbit
grass, rabbit, mountain lion, fox
mountain lion, snake, hawk, fox
46
How are members of a species defined?
They are geographically isolated from each other.
They mate and produce fertile offspring.
They are temporarily isolated from each other.
They have identical genes.
47
During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the:
codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.
codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA
anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA
anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the mRNA.
48
Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born:
with four X chromosomes.
without an X chromosome.
with one X chromosome.
with three X chromosomes.
49
Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?
A cross between a red flower and a white flower produces pink flowers.
Traits that are controlled by more than one gene like height, IQ, eye color
A black chicken mated with a white chicken produces a "blue" chicken.
Traits like hemophilia that are carreid on the X chromosome.
50
Natural Selection acts directly on:
phenotypes.
mutations.
alleles.
genes.
51
What's the difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation?
Gene mutations can involved an insertion, but cannot result in a frameshift
Chromosomal mutations can change the number of chromosomes in a cell.
Chromosomal mutations are more likely to be passed on to offspring.
Gene mutations affect the DNA of more genes than a chromosomal mutation.
52
Which of the following is molecular evidence supporting evolution?
the nearly universal genetic code
the presence of vestigial structures
the transmission of acquired characteristics by DNA
a tendency toward perfect, unchanging DNA in various species
53
In this figure, what nucleotide is going to be added at point 1, opposite from thymine?
guanine
thymine
cytosine
adenine
54
Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?
average temperture of the ecosystem
concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem
type of soil in the ecosystem
number and kind of predators in the ecosystem
55
Watson and Crick discovered that the two strands in DNA:
run in the same direction.
run in random directions.
run in perpendicular directions.
run in opposite directions.
56
10% of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next. Energy is used for life processes, what happens to the rest?
stored as body fat
used in reproduction
lost as heat
stored as body tissue
57
Which statement about the successful members of a population is consistent with the theory of evolution?
They tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the population.
They transmit characteristics acquired by use and disuse.
They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment.
They will perpetuate unfavorable changes in the species.
