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Duplicate of Chapter 16 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution) Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of Chapter 16 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution)
Duplicate of Chapter 16 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution)
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#APEURO #Spielvogel #ScientificRevolution #ModernScience
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1
Newton's world-machine...
impacted on the Western worldview until the 20th century.
created a new cosmology in largely a mechanistic terms.
suggested secrets of the world couldn't be known by study.
indicated a rejection of the work of his predecessors.
2
opernicus's major book was titled...
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Principia.
The Great Instauration.
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood.
3
Galileo's principle that a body in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by another force is
inertia.
planetary motion.
universal mechanics.
displacement.
4
Maria Winkelmann...
was the first woman named to a university teaching position.
was an English aristocrat.
a German astronomer.
authored "Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam."
5
Scientist whose work led to the law that a volume of a gas varies with pressure upon it was...
Andreas Vesalius.
Robert Boyle.
Antoine Lavoisier.
William Harvey.
6
Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries...
were some of the 1st to be printed in a vernacular language.
although accepted in his country, were resisted elsewhere.
were resisted more in his own country, than in the Europe.
were modern in their removal of God from universal laws.
7
Which of the following created 3 laws of planetary motion that disproved the Ptolemaic system?
Johannes Kepler.
Isaac Newton.
Nicolaus Copernicus.
Tycho Brahe.
8
Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove that...
the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth.
the earth is at the center of the solar system.
nothing can ever really be proven.
the moon orbits the sun.
9
Organized religions in the seventeenth century...
contributed to scientific research through work in religion.
rejected discoveries that conflict with Christian worldview.
ignored science as a "toy for the minds of God's children."
rapidly reoriented their theologies to accept modern science
10
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, female midwives...
were newly organized into their own craft guilds.
began to receive recognition and training.
were replaced by men studied anatomy.
gained great fame as birth became a female scientific job.
11
When was this conception of the universe prevalent?
Roman Empire
Scientific Revolution
Middle Ages
Classical Greece
12
The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on...
speculative reasoning.
inductive reasoning.
triangulation.
deductive reasoning.
13
The Inquisition found Galileo guilty of teaching condemned ideas and sentenced him...
to house arrest.
to be burned at the stake.
five years of hard labor in prison.
to serve as a galley slave on a Mediterranean shipping boat.
14
The philosophy of René Descartes...
was condemned by the government of the Dutch Republic.
stressed holistic universe of mind and matter devoid of God.
saw material world as a living thing in the human essence.
stressed a separation of mind and matter.
15
Descartes believed that the world could be understood by...
incorporating the mind with the body.
the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking.
mystical experiences.
quiet contemplation and following of the Scriptures.
16
The author of "Observations upon Experimental Philosophy and Grounds of Natural Philosophy" was
Maria Winkelmann.
Marie-Anne Lavoisier.
Margaret Cavendish.
Maria Merian.
17
Newton's major work was...
Principia.
Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy.
Utopia.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
18
Who created this conception of the universe?
Galileo
Copernicus
Aristotle
Ptolemy
19
In his work "Pensées," Pascal...
popularized the scientific method.
showed that science and religion were incompatible.
offered his thoughts on the heliocentric theory.
attempt to convince rationalists that Christianity was valid
20
According to Leonardo da Vinci, what subject was the key to understanding the nature of things?
Art.
Astronomy.
Biology.
Mathematics.
21
The scientific societies of early modern Europe established the first...
code of ethics for experimentation on humans and animals.
college departments for scientific study.
fund-raising events for medical research.
regularly published scientific journals.
22
The immediate reaction of the clerics to the theories of Copernicus was...
motivated by their educational and scientific achievements.
support in the form of a papal decree praising his thinking.
apathy because his calculations contained numerous errors.
condemnation by Protestants; viewed it as against the Bible.
23
Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the sixteenth century by...
advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine.
rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors
discovering the circulation of blood throughout the body.
dissecting human rather than animal cadavers.
24
For Spinoza, the failure to understand God led to...
the establishment of divine right monarchies.
false worship of nature.
a lack of moral judgment of others.
people using nature for their own self-interest.
25
Renaissance humanists' mastery of Greek made new works of which of the following available?
Galen.
All of these.
Archimedes.
Plato.
26
William Harvey's "On the Motion of the Heart and Blood" refuted the ideas of...
the brain stem being disconnected from the brain.
the independent functioning of the lymph system.
herbal healing.
the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood
27
The cosmological views of the Later Middle Ages held that what was the center of the universe?
The earth.
The epicycles.
The moon.
The sun.
28
Maria Sibylla Merian...
was trained at the University of Berlin.
earned her a place in the Royal Academy of Science.
gained fame as an important entomologist.
completed much of her scientific work in Africa.
29
Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution?
Created new "earth" but had little impact on universal ideas
Slightly modified medieval, Aristotelian-Ptolemaic view.
Major turning point in pursuit of knowledge.
Created new "heaven" but had little impact on ideas of earth
30
Benedict de Spinoza...
claimed that God was the universe not just the creator.
believed humans were created separate from nature.
rejected all forms of pantheistic belief.
disagreed with the theory of a heliocentric universe.
31
Among the following, the individual not associated with advances in medicine and chemistry is..
Paracelsus.
Vesalius.
Galen.
Harvey.
32
The greatest achievements in science during the 16th & 17th centuries came in what three areas?
surgery, biology, and astronomy
engineering, physics, and dentistry
astronomy, medicine, and mechanics.
biology, mechanics, and ballistics
33
The French Academy differed from the English Royal Society in the former's...
abundant government support and control.
publication of scientific journals.
focus on theoretical work in mechanics and astronomy.
absence of government support and control.
34
Scholars devoted to Hermeticism...
believed the devil controlled the dark secrets of nature.
retreated from the natural world to focus on magic mastery.
believed that the world was a recent and imperfect creation.
believed humans could use math and magic to dominate nature.
35
Science became an integral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century because...
it offered a new means to make profits and maintain order.
its mechanistic nature was popular with the lower classes.
it allowed an alternative religious belief to Christianity.
people perceived it to be superior to other belief systems.
36
During the seventeenth century, royal and princely patronage of science...
replaced funding by the church.
was common only in Italy.
became an international phenomenon.
was directed only towards pure research.
37
What was the name of Descartes's book that expounded his theories about the universe?
Mind Over Matter.
Discourse on Method.
On the Fabric of the Human Body.
Two Natures.
38
Concerning Galileo and his ideas, the Catholic Church...
reluctantly agreed to his theories.
forced Galileo to recant them in a trial the Inquisition.
turned him over to the Papal Curia to serve as a secretary.
turned him over to the authorities of the HRE to be tortured
39
The overall effect of the Scientific Revolution on the querelles des femmes was to...
increase the role of women in the child-bearing process.
allow women to enroll in most of Europe's universities.
dispel traditional myths of female inferiority.
create differences between men-women to show men's dominance
40
Antoine Lavoisier...
gave scientific proof to the theories of Newton.
discovered the law of gasses.
is regarded as the founder of modern chemistry.
reconciled religion and reason in his Pensées.
41
The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was...
Kepler.
Copernicus.
Galileo.
Newton.
42
Johannes Kepler was the first astronomer to show that...
planetary orbits are elliptical.
the moon orbits around the earth.
the planets are made of earth-like material.
the stars are immensely far away.
43
Tycho Brahe contributed to the advance of astronomy by...
inventing the astrolabe.
working out the theory of inertia.
calculating the distance to the sun.
making accurate observations of the planets.
44
The Ptolemaic conception of the universe was also known as...
the lunacentric conception.
the geocentric conception.
the expanding universe.
the pantheistic theory.
45
The Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century...
was stimulated by a revived interest in ancient authorities.
was based on scientific achievements of previous centuries.
was largely due to a monastic revolution in education.
directly resulted from reaction against the Middle Ages.
46
The work of Blaise Pascal...
prioritized reason over faith.
succeeded in uniting Christianity and science.
believed that reason had limitations.
firmly rejected the teachings of Christianity.
47
Copernicus supported the heliocentric conception of the universe because...
he argued that the sun is the source of all energy on earth.
as a Protestant, he felt free to interpret Scripture.
it offers an accurate explanation for heavenly motions.
it earned him entrance into the Royal Academy of Science.
48
"On the Fabric of the Human Body"...
contained William Harvey's theories on blood circulation.
contained theories on a universe advanced by Paracelsus.
was Andreas Vesalius's masterpiece on anatomical structure.
was Cavendish's theory of human dissection.
49
Galileo wrote...
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
a translation of the Bible in Italian.
Principia and Pensées.
The Starry Messenger.
50
Galileo's Dialogue on the Two World Systems was chiefly an attempt to...
expose the errors in the thinking of Copernicus.
apologize to the church for theories he saw as mistaken.
support Copernicus through a publication in Italian.
oppose the dogma and doctrine of the Catholic Church.
