Ch History Ch 3 and 4 Final Exam Review

Pleaded with Pope Gregory XI to return the papacy to Rome from France

His theological influence was second only to St Paul

The __ Churches remained united with the Church of Rome under the pope’s leadership after the Great Schism.

Pope Gregory the Great, although a religious leader was, by default, a political leader of Rome as well.

The political theory often that held that a secular ruler could have authority over the Church inc. matters of doctrine.

He was the pope's representative who crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

The word that best describes the papacy during the 9th to 11th centuries.

The process of collecting and organizing the books of Sacred Scripture all took place within

The monastery at Cluny:

Bishops of one of the five episcopal sees

Eastern/Byzantine emperor who was at odds with popes and who reformed civil law ...

Bishops of one of the five episcopal sees: Jerusalem, Antioch, Constantinople, Alexandria and Rome .

Rome became the most outstanding patriarchate because:

The College of Cardinals is:

The Byzantine Empire was more preoccupied with fending off the Muslims that the West.

A territory in modern-day central Italy which was overseen by the pope from the eight century until 1870

Church tribunal in the 13th century that was designed to curb Albigensianism

The Church adopted a Roman style of administration by:

The Donation of Pepin was a:

The collapse of the Western empire affected Christians but not pagans.

Secured the authority of the pope and stabilized the Church after the fall of the Roman Empire

Religious life in which men/women leave the world and enter a monastery/convent to devote themselves to solitary prayer.

Many of the Christians who lived in the desert were reacting to the negative consequences of Christianity's legalization

The original name for Constantinople.

The writings of the Church Fathers ...

Church teaching which holds that the substance of bread/wine is changed into the substance of the Body/Blood of Christ

St Benedict and his sister, St. Scholastica, founded joint monasteries for men and women.

The system developed by Aquinas balancing faith and reason and relying on classical philosophy and the Church Fathers

The official list of inspired books of the Bible.

Greek word for “God-bearer”.

A Spanish priest who founded the Order of Preachers to combat heresies, most notably Albigensianism in southern France

St Justin Martyr was clear that during Liturgy the bread and wine were no longer "common" bread and wine.

From the early fourth century, the oldest complete copy of the Bible in existence.

Governing system in Europe where a superior/lord granted land to a vassal in return for military services

The study of the Divine Person and work of Jesus Christ.

Founder of the Order of Friars Minor who lived simply among the people, bringing Christ to the marketplace

The name of the Eastern Roman Empire in its later stages.

Considered the last Church Father, and was also a crusading reformer, brilliant organizer, and spiritual master

The Church councils held between the fourth and eighth centuries were important in

Christians from the 4th century who withdrew into the desert to live an ascetic life of prayer, fasting, and abstinence.

Heresy which denied Jesus’ divinity by claiming that Jesus was not of the same substance as God the Father

Means “correct or right opinion”.

Muhammad was the founder of Islam

Meetings of Catholic bishops worldwide, typically convened in order to discuss and resolve pressing theological issues.

Western/Papal Schism is a period in which there were at times two or even three popes

As the Church was caught up in feudalism, some bishops and abbots became powerful and their spirituality suffered.

Tried to stamp out Christianity and revive paganism ...

The Western half of the Empire outlasted the Eastern, Byzantine Empire, by centuries.

The union of the human and divine natures of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, in one Divine Person.

__ taught that all matter is evil and the spirit is inherently good

The Church's alliance with pagan tribes provided ___ during the Early Middle Ages.

A semi religious order of knights loosely based on the rule of St Benedict.

Boniface's papal bull Unam Sanctam asserted:

Pepin’s son “Charles the Great” who was a devout Christian and visionary ruler whose goal was to Christianize Europe

A break in Christian unity that takes place when a group of Christians separates itself from the Church.

"Begging" religious orders

From the Greek askesis, which means “practice” or “bold exercise”.

Tirelessly defended the Catholic faith against heresies.

__ made spiritual reforms: use of the vernacular; clerical life; secrecy of the confessional; numbering of sacraments

The essential elements of the Eucharist from the very beginning ...

One issue at the 2nd Council of Nicaea was a dispute over the use of icons/sacred images in liturgy

Were recognized due to their writings, which significantly guided the path of biblical studies.

It was a generally accepted principle in the Middle Ages that if a king converted to Catholicism, the people would too

The bishop's chair

Criticized the financial policies of the Avignon papacy, attacked papal authority, dismissed validity of the hierarchy

The final cleansing away of all sins and of all consequences of sin

A time of great achievement in the Middle Ages when the Church and Western society were one

A British monk who evangelized the European continent and developed an effective relationship with the Frankish kings

The ultimate severing of relations between the Roman and some Eastern Churches in 1054.

Pepin the Short had much to gain in aligning himself with the Church.

A positive effect of the legalization of Christianity was that many became Christian to maintain Roman citizenship

Translated the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into Latin, known as the Vulgate

The Papal Inquisition:

The Council that resolved the the asserted theory that Church reform and government best took place through a council.

The Eastern Catholic Church split from the Church of Rome while the Eastern Orthodox Church remained.

The first surviving Liturgy of the Eucharist was written by Justin Martyr.

Latin for “and from the Son”.

Charlemagne opposed the forced conversion of conquered peoples and fought the pope on this matter.

A break in Christian unity that occur when a group of Christians separates itself from the Church

Lay investiture is the controversial practice of selling and buying positions of favor within the Church

A bishop who traveled throughout Ireland converting local Celtic kings and establishing monasteries

"Antipope" is a false claimant of the Holy See

The time when the papacy was under the control of the French king; aka the Babylonian Captivity

Simony was a practice in the Middle Ages whereby secular rulers chose the bishops for their territories

In the end, there were no positive effects of the Crusades.

An official papal document sealed with a red wax seal known as bulla

A powerful weapon of popes because medieval people believed that death outside the Church was a sentence to eternal hell

An erroneous idea that an ecumenical council had more authority than the pope and could depose him if they desired

A unified military response from Christians seeking to recover custody of holy sites in the Holy Land

A collection of laws written in Latin that were instituted by this Byzantine emperor