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Trauma Flashcards | StudBud
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Trauma
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1
What has an effect on stopping distance in falls ?
The surface
The speed
The height
What body part hits the floor first
2
What is Newtons 2nd law of motion ?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only change form
KE = Mass(KG) x Velocity2
Force= Mass x Acceleration
An object at rest or in motion won’t change unless acted upon externally
3
Don Juan syndrome is bilateral calcaneus fractures
True
False
4
What increases the risk of injury in a rear impact RTC?
If there is no heed restraint, causing hyperextension of the head
Incorrect seat position
If the car initially hit, hits another car, causing frontal and rear impact
Not wearing a seatbelt
5
Which of these is NOT a human body density type
Water
Bone
Muscle
Air
6
In a motorcycle impact there is a second impact from the rider being ejected
True
False
7
What is penetrating trauma ?
Injuries that often cause deep internal damage
Injuries caused by projectiles penetrating the skin
Injuries caused by sharp objects entering the skin
8
How many types of energy are there ?
6
4
3
5
9
Secondary triage is the more in depth triage, using obs and other parameters to determine casualty priorities
False
True
10
What is chemical energy ?
Energy created or consumed as electrical charge is altered as reactions
Energy released with chemical fission
Energy that comes when chemicals react
Energy that is produced when chemicals interact together
11
The four body regions that usually sustain injury in a lateral impact are: neck, head, chest, abdomen
False
True
12
What happens in a feet first fall?
Don Juan syndrome
Basal skull fracture
Spinal compression fractures
Legs absorb the energy
13
Exit wounds have clean edges
False
True
14
The five types of energy are: kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear
False
True
15
Prior to the introduction of trauma networks, what were costs to the NHS estimated at per year ?
£400-£500 Million
£300-£400 Million
£800-£900 Million
£500-£600 Million
16
The factors involved in injury are: type and amount of energy, force it was applied, the part of the body absorbing it
False
True
17
The inclusive trauma system is a model for clinicians to plan, provide and manage the treatment of major trauma patients
False
True
18
Density is the number of particles per unit volume
False
True
19
What do we mean by profile?
Wether the object or a bone breaks up when the object enters the body
If the object assumes a different angle inside the body than entering
The objects initial size and if it changes at time of impact
20
Damage is caused with electrical energy as electric charges are converted to thermal energy
False
True
21
Temporary cavities do not return to normal after a trauma incident
False
True
22
How many laws of physics are there ? (In relation to injury)
5
4
3
6
23
If a restraint is used correctly where is pressure dissipated ?
The arms and legs
The head
The pelvis and chest
The abdomen
24
How many types of triage are there ?
1
2
4
3
25
What is the role of the major trauma centres ?
To give paramedics an easy access point for specialist care
To give patients specialist care quicker
To reduce wait times for trauma patients
To allow patients multiple areas of specialist care in one hospital
26
What is thermal energy ?
Energy that is involved when inflammation occurs after injury
Kinetic energy on a molecular level that is measured by temperature
Energy involving electricity
Energy released with heat
27
Temporary cavities occur during a trauma injury such as penetrating or blunt
True
False
28
What is Conservation of Energy Law ?
KE= Mass(KG) x Velocity2
An object at rest or in motion won’t change unless acted upon externally
Energy Cannot be created or destroyed, only change form
Force= Mass x Acceleration
29
When a bullet leaves a gun, it’s energy is exchanged for what
Energy that damaged tissues within the human body
From kinetic energy to energy that causes damage
Energy that crushes cells and moved them from the bullets path
30
What is newtons 1st Law of motion?
KE = Mass(KG) x Velocity2
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only change form
Force= Mass x Acceleration
An object at rest or in motion won’t change unless acted upon externally
31
What are the steps in triage ?
Patient, Condition, Treatment, Category
Treatment, Roles, Information, At Scene, General Observations, ETA
Aim, Origins, Dynamic, To be used at any time
32
What do riders sometimes do, to separate themselves from the bike during an impending crash ?
Slam the breaks on
Lay the bike down
Jump from the bike
Do a wheely
33
What does a ‘rotational’ RTC entail ?
The vehicle rolls onto roof or rolls continuously
1 vehicle corner is hit, this corner stops, the rest of the vehicle doesn’t
There are several impacts at different angles
The car spins out of control and continues to spin
34
What is the biggest cause of trauma in over 55 years old ?
Falls
Car accidents
Head injuries
35
What creates more damage in an RTC rear impact ?
The faster speed the car(s) are travelling at
The weight of the car(s) involved
What the vehicle hits
The greater the force of the initial impact= more energy
36
What does height have an effect of in a fall
Pain
Velocity
Type of injury
Damage that can be done
37
What does a frontal impact ‘up and over’ entail in an RTC?
The head is hyperextended and there is frontal and rear impact
The vehicle propells away from the impact in the direction of the impact
Knee hits dashboard, upper body hits steering wheel
Head striking the windscreen, chest/abdomen strike steering wheel
38
If a restraint is to loose then what can be compressed?
Neck
Chest
Head
Internal organs
39
What is blunt trauma ?
Trauma that involves contact with objects to the body
Trauma that often causes heavy internal bleeding and is non penetrating
Non penetrating injuries, RTC’s, falls + sports injuries most common cause
40
What is the role of the trauma network?
To ensure mortality of trauma is reduced
To alert hospitals when a trauma patient is arriving
To direct trauma care quickly by giving inclusion and exclusion criteria
To outline the services that each hospital can provide
41
The triage names are Primary triage and Secondary triage
True
False
42
What are the different types of trauma ?
Major, blunt, crushing
Minor, major, catastrophic
Major, blunt, penetrating
Minor, major, blunt, penetrating
43
Why is an effective and structured handover important ?
It ensures all information is handed over and nothing is missed
It reduces delay in patient treatment times
It allows clinicians being handed over too, to get the full picture
It allows every clinician present to obtain the true story
44
What do airbags do?
Increase the body’s stopping distance
Reduced damage to the body
Absorb energy slowly
Stop head hitting the steering wheel
45
Where are injuries common in a motorcycle impact?
Abdomen
Pelvis and extremities
Chest
Head
46
What is Kinetic Energy Law ?
Energy cannot be created, only change form
Force = Mass x Acceleration
An object at rest or in motion won’t change unless acted upon externally
KE = Mass x Velocity2
47
What do entry wounds lie against?
Underlying bone
Underlying tissue
48
With weapons there is always an entry and exit wound
True
False
49
What does ‘lay the bike down’ increase the risk of?
Taking out other vehicles
Head trauma
Broken bones
Abrasions
50
When does an RTC rear impact happen ?
When someone gets hit from behind by another car
When a car gets shunted forward
When two vehicles collide head on
When there is greater difference in speed of 2 vehicles
51
What three factors should be considered in penetrating trauma
Weapon, force, profile
Profile, tumble, fragmentation
52
What are the three stations in ‘Triage Sort’
Casualty clearing station
Ambulance loading point
Hospital
Temporary mortuary
53
What do we mean by tumble?
If the object assumes a different angle inside the body than entering
Wether the object or a bone breaks up when the object enters the body
The objects initial size and if it changes at time of impact
54
In a high velocity weapon injury, a vacuum is created, sucking in clothing or bacteria etc
True
False
55
What is electrical energy ?
The energy released with chemicals
The energy that causes electrocution
The flow of heat
The flow of electric charges
56
How many factors are involved in injury in regards to energy ?
3
5
2
4
57
How fast do airbags deploy and inflate ?
0.5 seconds
1 second
2 seconds
3 seconds
58
What is the Role of the trauma care pathway ?
Easy identification of most appropriate patient treatment
Identification of different hospitals and their services
Identification of the major trauma centres and trauma units
Quick treatment of patients to allow facts and time figures to be low
59
Which of these is NOT a basic of kinematics
Velocity
Acceleration
Time
Gravity
60
What does a ‘Rollover’ RTC entail?
The car rolls multiple times, often stopping on the roof
The car spins out of control, and then leaves the ground
There are several impacts at different angles
The vehicle rolls onto roof or rolls continuously
61
What do we mean by fragmentation ?
Wether the object or a bone breaks up when the object enters the body
The objects initial size and if it changes at time of impact
If the object assumes a different angle inside the body than entering
62
Why do we get injured when energy exceeds a certain limit
Due to physical, environmental and physiological stress limit
As our bodies are fragile and systems get damaged
Human tissues/organs/systems can only withstand a limited range of stress
63
Low velocity weapons cause less cavitation and less destruction
False
True
64
Who is the regional trauma desk ran by?
Consultants
Doctors
Trained clinicians
Critical care paramedics
65
Where does the rider of a motorbike crash into during a head on impact?
Handlebars
The floor
Other vehicles windscreens
66
What does a ‘lateral impact’ entail in an RTC?
Head striking the windscreen, chest/abdomen strikes the steering wheel
The head is hyperextended and there is front and rear impact
Knee hits dashboard, upper body hits steering wheel
The vehicle propels away from the impact in the direction of the impact
67
What is nuclear energy?
Energy that is caused by radiation
Energy that comes from radioactive materials
Energy that is produced by toxic chemicals
Energy released as a result of nuclear fission
68
Entry wounds are usually smaller than exit wounds
True
False
69
What is the name of the labelling system used in triage sort and sieve (Major incident)
Smart/Cruciform card system
GOCAT Carding system
ATMIST Carding system
70
How many types of density are in the human body
5
3
4
6
71
In a motorcycle impact, head on collision, bilateral femur fractures can happen
False
True
72
These are the 4 laws of physics: Newtons 1st and 2nd laws of motion, Conservation of energy law, Kinetic Energy
False
True
73
What does the triage sieve include ?
The Categories patients get put into on incident site
How many patients there are
The areas patients get sent to
74
What does density determine ?
The damage that can be caused to or by an object
The number of particles a moving object collides with as it moves
The weight of an object as it moves
75
What is Triage sort ?
The categories patient get put into on incident site
The areas patients get sent too
How many patients there are
76
What is the definition of ‘mechanism of injury’
The way in which an injury has been obtained
How an injury happened and the force that caused it
The physical forces that act on the body to cause damage
77
If a restraint is not used then what is there an increased risk of ?
Ejection
Injury
Damage to other vehicles
78
What may predict the injury pattern of a fall?
The speed
The surface
What part of the body hits the floor first
Age of Pt
79
Weapons can be low or high velocity
False
True
80
What does a frontal impact ‘down and under’ entail in an RTC?
The head is hyperextended and there is frontal and rear impact
Knee hits dashboard, upper body hits steering wheel
Head striking the windscreen, chest/abdomen strike steering wheel
The vehicle propels away from the impact in the direction of the impact
81
What are the triage sieve categories ?
Minor injuries
Immediate, Urgent
Dead
Delayed, expectant
82
What time is it called when a bone breaks up during fragmentation
Secondary missiles
Secondary penetration
Secondary injury
83
What is major trauma ?
Trauma that causes multiple injuries and is life threatening
Serious, often multiple injures, may require lifesaving intervention
Trauma that causes heavy bleeding and multiple injuries
84
In an angular motorcycle impact, the bike can collapse on the rider, or the rider can be crushed between bike & vehicle
True
False
85
How does energy create injury ?
Because the human body cannot with stand high external energy levels
By the transfer of energy from an external source to the human body
When the human body stops the flow of energy
86
The silver trauma model is a model to consider a lower threshold for action for trauma in older patients
False
True
87
How many categories are in the triage sieve ?
5
3
4
6
88
What does the regional trauma desk ensure ?
Clinical advice can be offered
Patients who trigger the trauma triage tool receive optimum care
Patients go to the appropriate treatment centre
Times from scene to hospital are reduced
89
Kinematics Is the predicting of injury patterns that result from forces and motions of energy
False
True
90
What is kinetic energy
Energy that is involved in motion, most common in causing injury
Energy released with heat
Energy caused through electricity
Energy that is involved in damage to the skin
91
What can head first falls cause ?
Skull fractures
Cranial/cerebral destruction
Brain bleeds
C-Spine fractures due to compression of head and spine
92
What height of falls are the biggest cause of trauma in over 55 year olds?
Over 4 Metres
Over 2 Metres
Over 3 Metres
Over 5 Metres
93
An exit wound may not always be singular, there can be multiple due to fragmentation
False
True
94
Primary triage is to be used in a Multiple casualty incident, it’s purpose is to sort patients quickly into criticality
False
True
95
Why is the extent of blunt trauma damage not always known ?
As blunt trauma doesn’t bleed, blood loss cannot be estimated
Because major damage can occur with little visual indicators
Because we can’t see inside a person body
96
Energy cannot be created or destroyed only changed in form
True
False
