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2025 ALL REVIEW
2025 ALL REVIEW
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1
Correlation implies causation
False
True
2
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Endorphins
Serotonin
Adrenaline
3
Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory has been criticized for being...
Unscientific and unverifiable
Based on large groups, not individual cases.
Appropriate for only female patients.
Too applicable for research settings.
4
What is the only way to prove CAUSATION?
Case Study
Naturalistic Observation
Survey
Experiment
5
Someone who has an external locus of control is likely to have...
A strong libido.
A belief in luck.
A positive self-concept.
A high sense of self-efficacy.
6
Which of the following concepts is most integral to Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory?
Gestalt Theory
Behaviorism
The unconscious mind
Structuralism
7
The following graph shows what type of correlation?
Negative
Positive
No Correlation
8
Which of the following r values indicates a strong negative correlation?
0.94
-.89
-.3
-9.9
9
"Brain plasticity" refers to...
The brain's ability to regrow damaged neurons.
The surface texture of the cerebral cortex.
Our adaptability to different problems.
New connections forming to take over for damaged sections.
10
Confirmation bias
fast, automatic, unreasoned feelings and thoughts
the inability to look from another perspective, in order to maintain belief
seeking evidence to support an idea, rather than refute it
tendency to approach a problem with a method that worked previously
11
Gate-Control Theory refers to...
Which pain messages are perceived.
Blocking sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected.
How our minds use either bottom-up or top-down processing.
Which sensory impulses are transmitted first.
12
One of your classmates remarks that "Ryan is all id." What does she likely mean?
Ryan frequently pursues immediate gratification.
Ryan is a highly-ethical person.
Ryan is a perfectionist.
Ryan uses a lot of defense mechanisms.
13
Parental involvement can have dramatic effects on all of the following human traits, EXCEPT...?
Motor development
Self-esteem
Intelligence
Reading ability
14
Weber's Law...
noticing amplitude of sound waves
noticing 5% change in weights lifted
noticing change when adding 5 pounds
when first noticing a stimulus, 50% of the time
15
Depression is associated with low levels of...
Epinephrine
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
16
What is somnambulism?
sleep-talking
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
difficulty breathing when asleep
17
Schachter-Singer's theory states what about the relationship between emotion & physiological reaction?
Cognition is involved in physiological reactions and emotions
Emotions are caused simply by physiological reactions.
Physiological reactions and emotions occur simultaneously.
Physiological reactions are caused simply by emotions.
18
Symbolic dream analysis might be used by a psychologist from which perspective?
Psychodynamic
Biopsychologist
Behaviorist
Structuralist
19
Sandy scores a perfect 100 on a test everyone else fails. Graphically, the data would be...
A straight line
Negatively skewed
Normal
Positively skewed
20
Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?
Visual cortex in the frontal lobe.
Visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe.
Visual cortex in the temporal lobe.
21
What is NOT an effect of depressant drugs?
Slow brain function
Fast respiration
Slurred speech
Impaired vision
22
According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are primarily concerned in a search for...?
Autonomy
Identity
Affection
Career
23
You find a slug on the shed only after it rains. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?
Variable Ratio
Continuous
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
24
Which of the following neurotransmitters allows you to have control over your muscles?
Dopamine
Thorazine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
25
If a result is statistically significant, this means that the
Participants receive scored over 50%
Rresults of the test are positively correlated with another
Scores were less than 1 standard deviation from the mean
There is < 5% likelihood that the results occured by chance
26
If you only had sight in one eye, which of the following depth cues could you NOT use?
Texture gradient
Convergence
Interposition
Linear perspective
27
Which level of consciousness controls involuntary body processes?
Unconscious level
Subconscious level
Autonomic level
Nonconscious level
28
Anna's dog was hit by a car. Anna cannot remember the details of that day. What is defense mechanism?
Suppression
Denial
Repression
Rationalization
29
One of the principal differences between ethical guidelines for human and animal research is...
Humans can be deceived for experimental purposes.
Animals can be placed at much greater risk than humans.
Conditions for humans must be monitored more closely.
Humans must be chosen much more carefully than animals.
30
Which defense mechanism do you ACT LIKE A CHILD?
Conversion
Projection
Displacement
Regression
31
Which graph looks like a STRONG positive correlation?
Graph 2
Graph 1
32
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
Sensorimotor
Conventional
Pre-operational
Formal Operations
33
What does a stimulant do?
Brain speeds up
Cause the body's functions to work faster
Heart slows down
Cause the body's functions to work slower
34
Night Terrors and Somnambulism usually occur during which stage of sleep?
NREM 1
REM Sleep
NREM 3
NREM 2
35
Which reinforcement schedule would most quickly teach a cat to jump through a hoop?
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Fixed Ratio
Continuous
36
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Assigning a student a detention for fighting.
Buying a child a video game after she throws a tantrum.
Going inside to escape a thunderstorm.
Depriving a prison inmate of sleep.
37
Which is NOT one of the big five personality traits?
Agreeableness
Extraversion
Honesty
Openness
38
Which kind of therapist is most likely to analyze a client's dreams?
Behaviorist
Cognitive
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
39
Psychologists who draw from several different theoretical perspectives are known as...?
Mixed
Open-minded
Flexible
Eclectic
40
Which brain scans should be used when studying connections between stimuli and brain processes?
PET and EEG
CAT and EKG
EKG and CAT
MRI and CAT
41
What is the definition of depressant drugs?
A drug that speeds up the activity of Circulatory System
A drug that slows the activity of the Circulatory System
A drug that speeds up the activity of the CNS
A drug that slows down the activity of the CNS
42
Def Mech: Ana is insecure of her looks and says others are ugly
projection
repression
sublimation
displacement
43
Scatterplots and correlation coefficient NEVER prove causation.
True
False
44
Perceived control over a stressful event results in...
More motivation to solve the stressful problem.
Increased arousal.
More frustration regarding the stressful event.
Less reported stress.
45
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
The need for a representative sample
Many confounding variables
Concerns over validity
Sampling error
46
Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic?
Making a judgment according to past experiences.
Judging a situation by a rule that is usually true.
Believing younger people are more likely to start fights.
Solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller parts.
47
Which neurotransmitter is affected by opiates?
Dopamine
Endorphins
Serotonin
GABA
48
Def Mech: Brian is extremely upset; as he is upset he laughs...
projection
displacement
reaction formation
rationalization
49
the self serving bias refers to
an important characteristic towards impressions
taking credit for sucesses and attribute failures to situational factors
influencing others to think good about yourself
being an individual and not caring about others opinion
50
Which aspects of hunger are controlled by the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus?
Contraction and expansion of the stomach.
Body temperature and desire to eat.
The binge and purge cycle in bulimics.
The desire to eat and the feeling of fullness.
51
Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find most often in her research?
Secure
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Avoidant
52
Which of the following is an example of random sampling?
Having a computer generate a random list of 100 students.
Flipping a coin to assign students to two different tests.
Approaching any 50 students during 6th-period lunch.
Picking out of a hat to assign subjects to a condition.
53
The
information-processing theory
states that dreams...
Occur only after stressful events.
Occur as the brain deals with daily events during REM sleep.
Are representations of the information we encode daily.
Are by-products of how our brain processes information.
54
If a test is reliable, it means that...
It yields consistent results.
It is given in the same way every time.
It is also valid.
It tests what it is supposed to test.
55
What is a z-score?
Where a score lies in relation to the mean
the average of all the scores
The difference between the largest score and the smallest
the number that occurs most often
56
During what stage of sleep does vivid dreaming occur?
NREM 2
NREM 3
NREM 1
REM
57
Psychologists prefer the experimental method to other research methods because...
Experiments can show cause-effect relationships.
Experiments result in statistically significant findings.
It is easier to obtain a random sample.
Experiments are more likely to support hypotheses.
58
What is a placebo?
inactive substance given in place of a drug in a experiment
both 1 and 2
active substance in a drug research
none of these
59
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
IQ average increases due to health improvements over time.
Linguistic skills decline with age.
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
Television has decreased IQ performance.
60
Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of...
Past conditioning
Biological processes
Unconscious behavioral impulses
Individual choice
61
Which of the following is NOT one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Musical
Practical
Spatial
Linguistic
62
Generating alternate hypotheses to explain a phenomenon demonstrates which Piagetian stage?
Operational
Abstract reasoning
Syllogistic
Formal operations
63
The following graph shows what type of correlation?
No Correlation
Negative
Positive
64
Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the...
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere.
65
Agonists are psychoactive drugs that...
Mimic neurotransmitters and block their receptor sites.
Produce tolerance to the drug without withdrawal symptoms.
Mimic the same effects as certain neurotransmitters.
Enhance the effects of certain opiates like heroin.
66
defense mech: the boss is mad at mom, mom comes home and yells at you...
Projection
Displacement
Reaction Formation
Sublimation
67
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Elements of telegraphic speech toddlers use.
Basic elements of memories stored in long-term memory.
Elements of language.
Two types of influences language has on thought.
68
The principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is...
The time span of the study.
The statistical methods employed to evaluate the data.
The developmental stage of the participants.
The number of participants involved.
69
Redirecting
unacceptable
urges into socially acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Rationalization
Denial
Sublimation
Regression
70
The balanced physiological state we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs is called...?
Primary satisfaction
Self-actualization
Equilibrium
Homeostasis
71
What is an agonist ?
drugs that mimic neurottransmitters in the brain
drugs that block neurotransmitters in the brain
neurotransmitters in the brain
72
Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly?
Insomnia and Narcolepsy
Night terrors and Sleep Apnea
Sleep Apnea and Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea and Insomnia
73
What is a Single-Blind Study?
Experiment where participants are unaware who gets treated
Experiment where no one knows who gets the treatment
Group to which the independent variable is applied
Describes the direction and strength of the relationship
74
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Sublimation
Rationalization
Denial
Regression
75
You tense up after hearing scary music during a horror film. In this case, the music is a(n)...
CR
UCS
UCR
CS
76
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is a(n)...?
Achievement test
Intelligence test
Standardized test
Aptitude test
77
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is...
Securely attached, because parents will meet all needs.
Authoritative, because children have justifiable boundaries.
Permissive, because children need to explore.
Authoritarian, because children learn boundaries quickly.
78
The cochlea is responsible for...
Transmitting vibrations to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
Protecting the surface of the eye.
transduction
Sending messages to the brain about the body's orientation.
79
In most people, which of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere?
Producing speech
Abstract reasoning
Spatial reasoning
Control of the left hand
