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AP Psych Exam Review #2 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Exam Review #2
AP Psych Exam Review #2
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1
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
continuous
partial
primary
secondary
2
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
3
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
4
negative punishments __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
remove : punish
add : decrease
remove : increase
5
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
6
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
overconfidence
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
7
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
aptitude test
IQ test
EQ test
8
Which of the following motivation concepts encourage the least positive behaviors to persist over time?
intrinsic motivation
incentive theory
internal locus of control
self-efficacy
9
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
activation-synthesis
dissociation
antagonists
10
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
11
Choosing 20 people indiscriminately from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
random assignment
selection to conditions
representative assignment
12
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
13
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
14
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
health psychology
positive psychology
social psychology
15
Someone who can't understand the meaning of spoken words has experienced damage to
hippocampus
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
somatosensory cortex
16
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
17
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
psychoanalyst
trait
social-cognitive
18
Shelly stood outside in the rain with Alfred just so he wouldn't be alone waiting for his mom to pick him up. This is
compliance
individualism
self-serving bias
altruism
19
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
serial position effect
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
20
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
21
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
say a sentence
22
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
23
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
24
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
superordinate goals
out-group homogeneity
stereotyping
25
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
26
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
27
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
28
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
29
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
30
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
31
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
object permanence
conservation
universal ethical principles
32
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
33
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
structuralist
behavioral
cognitive
34
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
35
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
autism
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
36
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
assimilate : accomodate
37
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
38
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
39
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
40
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
hypothalamus
41
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
double blind study
42
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
43
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
archetypes
44
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
45
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
experiment
naturalistic observation
correlation study
46
If Pavlov's dogs did not salivate when they heard a buzzer instead of a bell, they would be experiencing
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
47
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
social facilitation
group polarization
deindividuation
48
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
construct validity
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
49
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
developmental study
social-cognitive study
50
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
51
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
52
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
social roles
social facilitation
conformity
53
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
54
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
55
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
sensory memory
short-term memory
procedural memory
long-term memory
56
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
electro-convulsive shock therapy
gestalt therapy
free association
prefrontal lobotomy
57
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
58
"people who watch violent movies are more likely to behave violently" this statement reflects
counterconditioning
observational learning
insight learning
latent learning
59
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
psychiatrist
60
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
psychoanalytic
cognitive
evolutionary
61
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
retroactive memory
62
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences depersonalization
63
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
go for a run
make new friends
64
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
just world bias
65
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
66
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
67
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
achievement
standardized
personality
projective
68
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
69
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
secondary preventions
biomedical interventions
70
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data shows causation or
standard deviation
statistical significance
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
71
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
basilar membrane
72
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
cornea
optic nerve
rods
73
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by attending tutorials probably has this locus of control
situational
external
internal
fundamental
74
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
retina
blind spot
iris
75
Why are psychoanalysts interested in latent meaning of dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
76
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
predictive validity
content validity
77
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
biological
humanistic
trait
78
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
79
Antipsychotic medication would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
adrenaline
serotonin
dopamine
80
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
81
which brain structure is involved in heart rate and respiration
medulla
amygdala
cerebellum
hypothalamus
82
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
MRI
EEG
rTMS
83
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
token economies
84
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
85
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anxiety
schizophrenic
dissociative
personality
86
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
87
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
88
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
attachment
parenting style
motor development
89
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
continuity
closure
linear perspective
90
___________ provide a biological basis for empathy.
set point theory
modeling
mirror neurons
latent learning
91
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
92
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
stepping
rooting
Moro
93
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
94
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
95
damage to the parietal region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
hearing
balance
sight
touch
96
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
97
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
98
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
daily activities
sleep cycles
personalities
99
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
100
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
psychoanalytic
trait
cognitive