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Duplicate of APES - Earth Systems (shorter) Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of APES - Earth Systems (shorter)
Duplicate of APES - Earth Systems (shorter)
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AP Environmental Science review covering Earth Systems.
Flashcards
45 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
45
Answers
1
What is seafloor spreading?
Formation of new ocean crust as result of magma pushing up.
When lava pushes & spreads seafloor u from subsurface.
Movement & spreading of ocean crust above continental crust.
Spreading of ocean crust solely due to earthquakes.
2
A soil with 30% clay, 50% sand, and 20% silt is called:
Loamy Sand
Sandy Clay Loam
Sandy Loam
Sandy Clay
3
All of the following describe air circulation cells except:
Global air circulation patterns caused by uneven heating.
They are also known as ENSO.
They are caused by the Coriolis effect.
They include, from equator to poles: Hadley, Ferrel, Polar.
4
Please list the different concentric zones of the earth, starting from the inner-most layer.
Crust, asthenosphere, mantle, core
Asthenosphere, crust, mantle, core
Core, asthenosphere, mantle, crust
Core, mantle, asthenosphere, crust
5
What is the atmosphere?
A blanket of gases with a homogeneous density of molecules.
A thick blanket of gases consisting of spherical layers.
A thin blanket of gases surround earth, divided into layers.
Blanket of gases that increases in pressure with altitude.
6
What is sedimentary rock?
Examples include sandstone, shale, slate, and marble.
Forms below or on earth's surface when lava cools.
Forms when rock undergoes high temperatures or pressures.
Made of dead plant and animal remains and weathered rocks.
7
What type of irrigation is b/w 90-95% efficient and delivers water to individual plant roots?
Drip Irrigation
LEPA Center pivot
Gravity Flow
Rotary systems
8
Briefly describe the process of subduction.
Oceanic plate rides over and pushes continental into mantle.
When oceanic plates move apart, creating ocean ridges.
When oceanic and continental plates collide and rise up.
Continental crust rides over and pushes down oceanic plate.
9
When does desertification occur? (Choose all that apply).
When overgrazing and deforestation reduce/degrade topsoil.
When productive potential of topsoil falls by >10%
When deforestation allows for more annual plants to grow.
When forest fires prevent erosion from occurring.
10
What are estuaries?
Harsh coastal ecosystems with only occasional water changes
Unproductive ecosystems with low nutrient levels.
Coastal land areas covered with water all/part of the year.
When rivers meet the sea, mixing water as well as nutrients
11
What is the major benefit of having a healthy ozone layer?
It prevents UV-C from reaching earth's surface.
It blocks all harmful waves of radiation.
It prevents both UV-B and UV-C from reaching earth.
It prevents most UV-B from reaching earth's surface.
12
Which of the following are examples of ozone-depleting chemicals (indicate all that apply).
Hexachlorobutadiene
Carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, n-propyl bromide
Methyl bromide (fumigant) and hydrogen chloride
Halons and HBFCs (used in fire extinguishers).
13
Which of the following would conserve soil?
Aquifer depletion
High-yield polyculture
Soil salinization
Monocultures
14
What is the focus of an earthquake?
Place where an earthquake begins, below surface.
Located above the surface.
Located directly above epicenter
Located where an earthquake ends.
15
Which of the following are characteristics of the rock cycle?
It involves, in order: erosion, weathering, transportation.
It is the slowest of the earth's cyclic processes.
It plays a major role in forming concentrated deposits
Rocks are broken down, melted, fused together and heated.
16
Characterize the following by plate boundary: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Himalayas, San Andreas fault
Transform; convergent; divergent
Divergent; convergent; transform
Divergent; transform; convergent
Convergent; divergent; transform
17
Which of the following describe an El Niño effect (see image below)?
I, II, III, and IV.
I, II, III only.
I and II only.
I, II, IV only
18
What is climate? (Click all that apply).
An area's general pattern of atmospheric conditions
Short-term atmospheric conditions that change often
General patterns that occur over at least 3 decades
Weather patterns of the last week averaged together.
19
Which of the following correctly lists, by (%), the present-day composition of the atmosphere?
CO2, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, water vapor, trace gases.
Oxygen, nitrogen, argon, CO2, water vapor, trace gases
Nitrogen, oxygen, CO2, argon, water vapor, trace gases
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, CO2, Water vapor, trace gases
20
Which of the following describe volcanic hotspots? (Click all that apply).
They are places within the mantle where magma is generated.
They are located along the Pacific Plate boundaries
They are created by anomalous volcanism
An example is the Hawaiian volcanoes within the Pac. Plate
21
What are/were CFCs used for?
All of the following are/were uses for CFCs.
Propellants in aerosol spray cans
Coolants in air conditioners and refrigerators
Cleaners for electric parts such as computer chips
22
Please list the layers of the atmosphere in order (starting from layer nearest to surface).
Troposp., Stratosp., Mesosphere, Thermosp., Exosphere
Thermosphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Troposphere
Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
23
What is natural recharge?
Natural restoration of valuable resources such as trees.
Natural replenishment of an aquifer by precipitation.
Natural process of restoring nitrates into soil.
Natural replenishment of a watershed in a sensitive area.
24
Which of the following regarding tectonic plates is true?
Tectonic plates' boundaries are not active at the surface.
Much geologic activity at the surface occurs at boundaries
They do not cause/form mountains, volcanoes, or earthquakes.
Continental plates usually ride below oceanic plates.
25
What is the Coriolis effect? (Choose all that may apply).
The apparent curvature of global winds and ocean currents.
Occurs due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis.
The effect is strongest at the poles, nonexistent at equator
It is the weakest at the poles, strongest at equator.
26
Which of the following describe La Niña?
Usually causes with warm ocean temperatures in Pacific Ocean
Occurs along the tropical west coast of South America.
Climate pattern that describes cooling of surface waters
Usually causes cooler than normal temperatures.
27
Which of the following are true regarding the process of desalination? (Select all that apply).
It involves removing dissolved salts from ocean/salty water.
Saudi Arabia gets ~70% of its drinking water from it.
It does not involve using chemicals to sterilize water.
Methods include distillation and reverse osmosis.
28
All of the following are characteristics of the formation of oceanic gyres except:
They form when water moves direction of prevailing winds
They bring cool air to coastline, warm air to continents
They move cold water from the poles to the equator.
They move clockwise in the N. Hemisphere
29
Which of the following describe the Ring of Fire?
String of volcanoes and seismic activity sites
Located at edges of Pacific Ocean, at plate boundaries.
All of preceding options are correct.
It is where about 90% of all earthquakes occur.
30
Which of the following events are capable of causing mudslides? (Choose all that apply).
Heavy rains
Volcanic eruptions
Earthquakes
Droughts
31
Two examples of igneous rock include:
Lava rock and granite
Marble and slate
Sandstone and shale
Limestone and lignite
32
Which of the following statements regarding freshwater is NOT true?
Only about 0.024% of all water is readily available to us.
Water is a well-managed & appreciated resource.
1/6 people do not have sufficient access to clean water
It is one of the most important forms of natural capital.
33
What type of boundary forms when oceanic plates slide & grind past one another along fractures?
A trench boundary
A transform fault
Oceanic ridges
A subduction zone
34
What is weathering?
When acid deposition quickly breaks down monuments.
The different processes that break down rocks into soil.
Internal processes that build up the earth's surface.
The climactic changes in weather.
35
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Colorado River?
It has experienced prolonged drought since 1999.
Water from the river supports cities in desert-like climate.
Its water is used to produce about 1% of all US crops
Little from the river reaches the sea due to overuse.
36
Why does climate vary in different parts of the earth?
Ocean currents distribute heat and precipitation unevenly.
All of the options are correct reasons.
Global air circulation patterns distribution
Uneven heating of the earth's surface by the sun.
37
The roots of most plants and the majority of a soil's organic matter are concentrated in:
The A horizon and B horizon
The O horizon and A horizon
The A horizon and E horizon
The O horizon only.
38
What is salinity?
The measure of turbidity and salt averaged together.
The measure of dissolved salt in water in general.
The measure of dissolved salt in oceanic water.
The measure of salinity and its impact on turbidity.
39
Which of the following is not an effect of El Nino?
Hurricanes in Hawaii, Brazil, and Ecuador.
Droughts in southern Africa, India, Sri Lanka, and Australia
Flooding in Bolivia, Ecuador, Northern Peru, and Cuba.
Hurricanes in Tahiti and Hawaii.
40
Describe the process in which stratospheric ozone forms.
Oxygen reacts with UV to form photochemical smog.
Oxygen molecules interact with particulate matter
Oxygen in the troposphere interacts with UV radiation.
Oxygen molecules in the stratosphere interact with UV
41
What natural services do inland wetlands provide? (Choose all that may apply).
Reducing flooding, erosion, and overflows.
Natural recharge of groundwater aquifers.
Maintaining biodiversity by providing habitats.
Filtering and degrading toxic wastes and pollutants.
42
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Ogallala Aquifer in the United States?
It lies under 8 midwestern states
It has forced the Great Plains to become a barren farmland.
It is the world's largest known aquifer.
It supplies about 1/3 of all groundwater in the USA.
43
Describe the process that forms oceanic ridges.
When two oceanic plates collide.
When plates slide and grind past one another.
When oceanic plates move apart, magma flows through cracks.
When continental plates move apart, causing magma to rise.
44
Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding earth's water composition?
The atmosphere contains 3% of the surface freshwater.
Groundwater makes up 30.1% of earth's freshwater.
Ground ice & permafrost hold only 30% of surface freshwater
Glaciers and ice caps make up 68.7% of the freshwater.
45
Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with widespread use of desalination?
All of these options are problems regarding desalination.
Huge amounts of salty wastewater produced.
Need for large pipes and chemicals, which kills marine life
High cost due to expensive energy needed for removing salt.
