What type Of stimulus Are cutcaneus receptors in the skin sensitive to?

Touch, pressure, temperature, pain

What is the definition of the threshold stimulus ?

The minimal amount of stimulus required to generate a contraction

What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

Shock absorp, nutrition, physical barrier between pathogens in blood/ CNS

Why is it important for manual therapist to know the warnings signs of skin cancer?

regular inspection of large areas = early identification/treatment

What are the functions cerebellum of the brain ?

Maintain muscle tone, posture, balance and coordinate muscle activity

As a therapist touches your client, what kind of information is communicated to the client?

Their own tissue status and the nature of the therapist touch

What type of stimulus are nociceptor sensitive to?

Chemicals released by damage cells

Which of these signs would be a warning that the skin growth could be malignant melanoma?

An irregular shaped border around a mole

Which of these statements about motor unit is most accurate ?

Each muscle fascicle contains multiple motor units

The functions of the muscular system is to maintain posture, create movement:

Stabilize joints and generate heat

What is the function of retinaculi in the muscular system?

Tension straps that hold tendons in place

After extended exercise, breathing rate remains elevated for amount of time taken to metabolize lactic acid called?

Repaying the oxygen debt, The Krebs cycle

What is the dorsal root ganglion ?

structure on sensory root; spinal nerves that contain cell bodies sensory

Which of these statements is the best explanation of reciprocal inhibition?

Agonist is signal to contract, The antagonist is inhibited

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AP Sem2 Midterm

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Answers

1
A wheelbarrow and standing heel raise exercises are examples of what class lever ?
Fourth
Third
First
Second
2
What type Of stimulus Are cutcaneus receptors in the skin sensitive to?
Touch, pressure, temperature, pain
Light, temperature, pain, chemicals
Vibration, cold, movement, light
Pain, pressure, torsion, tearing
3
Anatomic name for a broad sheet of connective tissue, served as attachment point for multiple muscles in torso/thigh?
Fascial membrane
Tenoperiosteal junction
Retinaculum
Aponeurosis
4
The most common type of skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma
True
False
5
What is the definition of the threshold stimulus ?
The maximum amount of a stimulus a muscle can tolerate
The maximum amount of stimulus to lengthen a muscle
The amount of stimulus delivered to the first motor unit in the muscle
The minimal amount of stimulus required to generate a contraction
6
What type of neuronal pathway creates an immediate motor response to sensory input?
Efferent
Autonomic
Reflex arc
Afferent
7
The myofilament bonding of a muscle contraction can only occur in the presence of what element?
Oxygen
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
8
What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid?
Chem defense= brain/blood, insulate organs of CNS, excrete waste to mening
Forms BBB, serves as plasma 4 blood vessels, meninges, insulate brain/s.c
Shock absorp, nutrition, physical barrier between pathogens in blood/ CNS
Shock absorp, primary n.transmitter of CNS, medium nutrient waste in mening
9
Why is it important for manual therapist to know the warnings signs of skin cancer?
Oh man your therapy is contraindicated if any warning signs to present
Holistic approach of manual therapy helps people cope with cancer
Manual therapy clients usually don’t go to Western medical professionals
regular inspection of large areas = early identification/treatment
10
A muscle that opposes or slows down a specific motion is playing what movement role ?
Agonist
Fixator
Antagonist
Synergist
11
What neuroglial tissue insulates and protects the axons of peripheral nerves?
Microglia
Neurilemma
Endoglia
Myelin
12
Saltatory nerve impulse conduction only occurs on what kind of neuron ?
Unmyelinated
Myelinated
Spinal
Cranial
13
What type of bacteria is responsible for the most common types of bacterial skin infections ?
Staphylococcus
Seroserossum
Conjunctolococcus
Tinea Bacterium
14
Pain that occurs in a predictable, but separate region from its origin is called referred
True
False
15
Three cutcaneus receptors in the papillary zone of dermis and sensitive to superficial stimulus = free NE, Merkel Disc &
Hair root receptors
Meissner corpuscles
Ruffini corpuscles
Pacinian Corpuscles
16
What is the name of cranial nerve V ?
Trigeminal
Trochlear
Facial
Triangular
17
Which muscle is the most lateral muscle of the erector spinae group?
Longissimus
thoracolumbar
Spinalis
Iliocostalis
18
What are the functions cerebellum of the brain ?
Serve a the body’s primary visual center & integration center for S. Input
Carry out all cognitive processes, maintain consequences and problem solve
Sense/correct postural imbalance, maintaining muscle tone/coordinate
Maintain muscle tone, posture, balance and coordinate muscle activity
19
The term for the segment of skin that carried sensory info from a specific region of skin into spinal cord along nerve?
Myotome
Dermatome
Cutcaneus path ways
Integumentary sensory zone
20
Name the physical theory that explains the relationship btween muscle length and force generated by contraction .
Length-strength ratio
Force generated ratio
Positional contraction force
Long force theory
21
What muscle is named “Lat’s Little Helper” because it assist with all of the same functions?
Infraspinatus
Teres Major
Supraspinatus
Teres minor
22
Which type of accessory gland plays the larger role in regulation of temperature, pH, and fluid balance?
Sebaceous
Eccrine
Merkel Disc
Apocrine
23
As a therapist touches your client, what kind of information is communicated to the client?
That Derek was confidence and intention with each technique
Safety or danger of the environment and the therapist level of knowledge
Their own tissue status and the nature of the therapist touch
The therapist and their own metabolic rate
24
A skeletal muscle fiber or muscle cell is made up of smaller fibers called?
Fibrous myocytes
Myofilaments
Myofibrils
Myofibers
25
Which of these structures is a primary component of the central nervous system?
Sympathetic nerves
Spinal cord
Autonomic nerves
Cranial nerves
26
What is the common function of the anterior/ posterior tibialis ?
Inversion
Plantarflexion
Dorsiflextion
Eversion
27
Psychogenic pain is believed to come from the mind because it had no known physical cause
True
False
28
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system ?
Sensory and motor
Somatic and automatic
Central and peripheral
Voluntary and involuntary
29
The olfactory and gustatory receptors are both examples of what type of receptor?
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Photoreceptor
30
Which of these cranial nerves is a sensory only nerve?
Trigeminal
Spinal accessory
Facial
Olfactory
31
Which of the adductor muscles is also a knee flexor ?
Pectinius
Gracilis
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
32
Fascia is classified as what type of connective tissue ?
Disorganized cartilaginous
Disorganized fibrous
Organized fibrous
Areolar
33
What type of stimulus are nociceptor sensitive to?
Deep pressure
Chemicals released by damage cells
Superficial touch
High frequency vibration
34
What movement row is a muscle playing when it assist larger muscles during a particular motion ?
Antagonist
Agonist
Synergist
Stabilizer
35
The key characteristics of skeleton muscle include being excitable contractile:
Semi rigid yet pliable
Elastic and avascular
Extensible and elastic
Fibers and disorganized
36
Sensory pathways linked to the mammillary bodies of limbic system to stimulate strong emotional/memory response ?
Touch
Visual
Olfactory
Gustatory
37
Name the highly sensitive area of the muscle fiber at the neuromuscular junction between the muscle and motor neuron
Motor end plate
Motor point
Myoneural disk
Motor unit Junction
38
Which of these signs would be a warning that the skin growth could be malignant melanoma?
That borders of the mole are smooth and distinct
A mole that is consistent brown color
A small flat mole
An irregular shaped border around a mole
39
Which of these statements about motor unit is most accurate ?
Each muscle fascicle contains multiple motor units
Each muscle fiber has its own motor unit
Most muscles have an average of 50 motor units
Each motor unit contains 100 sarcomeres
40
What type of range of motion assessment is best at identifying a muscle strain?
Active ROM
Passive ROM
Isotonic resistive
Isometric resistive
41
The functions of the muscular system is to maintain posture, create movement:
Synthesize ATP and generate proteins
Regulate temperature and water balance
Store energy and regulate body temperature
Stabilize joints and generate heat
42
What is the function of retinaculi in the muscular system?
Attaching abdominal muscles to the rib cage
Serves as the central tendon of the diaphragm
Separating the muscle groups in the thigh
Tension straps that hold tendons in place
43
What is the common function of the brachioradialis, brachialis, and biceps brachii muscles?
Elbow extension
Knee flexion
Elbow flexion
Hip flexion
44
What fascial layer surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber?
Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium
Fibromysium
45
What is the first step in neuronal impulse conduction, once threshold stimulus has been applied to the neuron ?
Nerotransmitter release
Depolarization
Repolarization
Polarization
46
Which division of the autonomic system is known as the “feed and breed” system ?
Limbic
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Pre- cortical
47
Touch, pressure, stretch, compression, and torsion are all stimuli that will activate what type of receptor ?
Nociceptors
Thermoreceptor
Motion receptor
Mechanoreceptor
48
After extended exercise, breathing rate remains elevated for amount of time taken to metabolize lactic acid called?
Indirect phosphorylation
Repaying the oxygen debt
The Krebs cycle
Metabolic replenishment
49
What is the dorsal root ganglion ?
structure on sensory root; spinal nerves that contain cell bodies sensory
Another name for the posterior horn of the gray matter in the spinal cord
The enlarged portion of spinal nerves that contains motor neuron cell body
Structure protects synapse btween neurons for all reflex arcs in spinal cor
50
Which of these statements is the best explanation of reciprocal inhibition?
For a movement to occur, The stabilizers must reciprocate contraction
Agonist is signal to contract, The antagonist is inhibited
Agonist and synergist are reciprocally inhibited during contraction
Antagonist is contracting The Agonist is inhibited
51
The ABCD warning signs of skin cancer stand for Asymmetry, Border:
Color and Direction
Combined and Depressed
Color and Diameter
Clarity and Diameter
52
Saltatory conduction is faster than regular nerve impulse conduction
True
False
53
Which of the skeletal muscles is a type of pennate muscle?
Orbicularis Oris
Gastrocnemius
Pec Major
Deltoid
54
Why is it important for mango therapist to know the anatomy and physiology of the skin?
Therapist can identify all pathologies by using the system
The skin is the communication interface between therapists and clients
It is the most complex system in the body
The porous membrane is very delicate must be handled with caution
55
Radiating pain that shoes down or out in extremity is called referred pain?
False
True
56
What is the name of the thin superficial layer of the dermis ?
Reticular
Granulosum
Spiney
Papillary
57
Taking an aspirin to relieve pain is an example of using anesthesia
True
False
58
What characteristic do all 31 pair of spinal nerves share?
Motor neurons on spinal nerve pass through the paravertebral ganglia
Each is a two neuron pathway
There are all mixed nerves
All use the same neurotransmitter, acetylcholine
59
The primary accessory organs in skin are hair, nails, sweat glands, ____ and ____:
Sensory receptors and oil glands
Follicles and kerating receptors
Nociceptors and sebum
Eccrine in Apocrine glands
60
Which cranial nerve innervates the abdominal viscera ?
Accessory
Facial
Trigeminal
Vagus
61
What body regioned does the brachial nerve plexus innervate?
Full upper extremity
Full lower extremity
Head
The upper arm only
62
The physiologic changes that accompany a sympathetic response on led increases in heart and respiratory rates plus ?
Construction of blood vessels in the viscera
Increased peristalsis and elimination
Stimulation of glycogen storage
Decreased sweat production
63
What is the name of the specialized capillaries that produce cerebrospinal fluid?
Pia mater
Corpus collosum
Choroid plexus
Arachnoid mater
64
What is the function of the reticular activating system (RAS) of the brain system ?
The cross over bridge btween right/left hemispheres of the cerebrum
Coordinates/prioritize communication btween all 4 lobes of cerebrum cortex
Prioritizes incoming sensory information & activates region of cerebrum
Transfers sensory info to the brain to maintain an alert state in cerebral
65
The sarcomere is made up of a bundle of what?
Actin and myosin
Fibrinogen and reticulin
Elastin and fibrin
Myosin and elastin
66
What fascial layer forms the outer envelope of the muscle and anchors it to the hypodermis?
Epimysium
Extramysium
Endomysium
Perimysium
67
How is the membrane defined?
I think she’d that contains all four types of tissue
A multi layered she of different types of connective tissue
A broad of a single type of tissue that lines the body cavities
A broad, Flat sheet of a lease two layers of tissue
68
Which cranial nerve is affected in the pathology of Bell’s palsy?
Accessory
Trigeminal
Vagus
Facial
69
Which of these terms are synonymous with the motor tract of the spinal cord ?
Anterior and descending
Lateral and ascending
Ascending and dorsal
Dorsal and Lateral
70
What is the name for the region of the brain that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?
Choroid plexus
Corpus Callosum
Subdural junction
Midbrain
71
Which layer of the epidermis is the most supercell?
Horny
Granular
Germinating
Glassy
72
What are the two basic categories of fiber arrangements in skeletal muscles?
Parallel and pennate
Circular and fusiform
Fusiform and pennate
Bi-pennate and multi pennate
73
What is the function of the pia matter?
Supports and protects all of the interneurons
Produces cerebrospinal fluid
How was large blood vessels along the surface of the brain
Protects the surface of the brain and cord
74
The consistent state of low-grade tension in a muscle generated by a tonic contraction is called:
Muscle tone
Muscle cramp
Motor tone
Hypertonicity
75
Where does a somatic motor neuron originate?
Collateral ganglia
Ventral horn of the spinal cord
Posterior root ganglia
Lateral horn of the spinal cord
76
What change occurs in a muscle during an eccentric contraction ?
Tension increases and the muscle lengthens
Low-grade tension is sustained to the point of muscle fatigue
Tension decreases and the muscle shortens
There is no change in muscle tension or length
77
Which type of receptor is a specialized mechanoreceptor found in skeletal muscles and joints ?
Motion receptor
Nociceptors
Proprioceptors
Thermoreceptor
78
What is the function of mucus in the digestive tract?
Facilitate/Eliminate the solid waste and excretion of metabolic waste
Protects the tract from erosion and facilitate swallowing food
Facilitates absorption of nutrients and remove foreign substances
Helps trap invading organisms and humidity air
79
Which type of neuron connects sensory and motor pathways ?
Receptors
Multipolar
Integrative
Unipolar
80
What portion of the neuron is the first to receive the stimulus?
Cell body
Axon
Axon terminal
Dendrite
81
What portion of a muscle sale is the actual contractile unit ?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Myofiber
Sarcomere
Myofibrils
82
Which of these structures is a primary component of the peripheral nervous system?
Spinal cord
Trigeminal nerve
Pons
Cerebellum
83
Which of these cutcaneus receptors is more sensitive to deep tactile stimulus?
Pacinian corpuscles
Tactile disc
Markel disc
Nociceptors
84
Which of the following is an accurate description of a motor unit?
Multiple motor neurons + multiple muscle fibers
1 sensory neuron + 1 motor neuron + 1 muscle
1 Motor neuron + Multiple sarcomeres
1 Motor neuron + multiple fibers
85
The two most common and highly contagious parasitic infections are?
Lice and ringworm
Scabies and lice
Tapeworms and ticks
Chiggers and gnats
86
What is the name of the connective tissue covering around the brain and spinal cord?
Neural membrane
Meninges
Epineurium
Perineurium
87
A nerve impulse is a one-way transmission that travels the full length of the neuron
True
False
88
What is another term for the cutcaneus receptors?
Special sensory organs
Dermal receptor
General sense receptor
Dermatomes
89
What is the function of the ependymal cells in the nervous system ?
Produce Myelin in PNS
Transmit impulses between sensory and motor neurons
Carry out phagocytosis in the brain
Produce cerebral spinal fluid
90
Which layer of skin contains the blood vessels and sensory receptors ?
Dermis
Epidermis
Subcutaneous
Hypodermis
91
The three types of epithelial membranes in the body are cutcaneus, _____, and ______
Mucous and synovial
Serous and mucous
Serous a synovial
Parietal and visceral
92
Six categories of sensory receptors are thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors, ___, and ____?
Pain, motion, Vision
Chemoreceptors , proprioceptors , Nociceptors
Proprioceptor, pressure, movement
Kinesioceptors, pressure, chemo
93
Which of these connective tissue components of skeletal muscle is classified as organized fibrous?
Endomysium
Epimysium
Perimysium
Tendon
94
Golgi tendon organs, muscles spindles, and joint receptors are all examples of what type of receptor ?
Chemoreceptors
Special sense receptors
Nociceptors
Proprioceptors
95
What is the function of a tendon?
Connects bone to bone
Stabilizing joints
Increasing the force of contraction
Connects muscle to bone
96
What movement row is an extensor muscle playing during a flexion motion?
Synergist
Fixator
Agonist
Antagonist
97
What kind of stimulus are nociceptors sensitive to?
Pressure
Mechanical damage to tissue
Sound waves
Temperature
98
The tactile information gathered by the developing fetus creates a neural map of the body on the brain called?
Homunculus
Dermato-craniotome
Neuro- cutcaneus map
Homosapian
99
Movements are really created by one single muscle, the one that is largest/has the best angle of pull across joint is ?
Fixator
Agonist
Antagonist
Synergist
100
Which of these terms describes the status of a neuron at rest ?
Depolarized
Polarization
Repolarization
Bipolar

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