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Life in the Universe: Test 1 Prep Flashcards | StudBud
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Life in the Universe: Test 1 Prep
Life in the Universe: Test 1 Prep
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1
What process is primarily responsible for the formation of stars and planets?
Supernova explosions
Gravitational collapse of a nebula
Expansion of dark matter
Nuclear fission
2
The Big Bang primarily produced elements heavier than iron.
True
False
3
In the context of DNA, what is a "gene"?
The entire sequence of DNA in an organism
A sequence of DNA that encodes a specific protein or function
The outer structure of the chromosome
A random sequence of nucleotides
4
What happens to the atomic number in beta decay where an electron is produced?
It decreases by 1.
It doubles.
It increases by 1.
It stays the same.
5
. Which of the following is NOT one of the six properties shared by most living organisms on Earth?
Order
Energy utilization
Evolutionary adaptation
Inorganic composition
6
The Sun is primarily composed of which two elements?
Oxygen and helium
Carbon and nitrogen
Hydrogen and helium
Hydrogen and carbon
7
What type of radioactive decay results in a helium nucleus being emitted?
Beta decay
Gamma decay
Alpha decay
Positron decay
8
All known life on Earth uses right-handed amino acids to build proteins.
True
False
9
Stars generate energy through nuclear fission reactions.
True
False
10
There are ~2 billion stars in the average galaxy?
True
False
11
Galileo confirmed Kepler's Laws of through observations of Jupiter's moons and the phases of Venus.
True
False
12
The Earth’s magnetosphere protects life by blocking most of:
High-energy solar particles
Visible light
Infrared radiation
Sound waves
13
Which type of celestial body is most likely to be found beyond Neptune in the Kuiper Belt?
Rocky asteroids
Gas giants
Comets and dwarf planets
Terrestrial planets
14
Which of these planets is located in the habitable zone of our solar system?
Earth
Venus
Mars
Jupiter
15
Which scientist is known for developing the heliocentric model of the solar system?
Galileo
Kepler
Copernicus
Ptolemy
16
Where are carbon and oxygen formed?
During black hole formation
During nuclear fusion in stars
During the Big Bang
During supernova explosions
17
Which law states that the square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its semi-major axis?
Law of Equal Areas
Law of Harmonies
Law of Gravitation
Law of Ellipses
18
The main characteristic of extremophiles is their ability to:
Adapt quickly to space environments.
Survive in extremely cold environments only.
Thrive in environments that would be lethal to most life forms on Earth.
Photosynthesize under extreme conditions.
19
Which type of radioactive decay does NOT change the atomic number of an element?
Positron decay
Alpha decay
Gamma decay
Beta decay
20
Gravity is stronger between two objects when they are farther apart.
True
False
21
Which molecule is used by living organisms to store and release energy?
RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
Glucose
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
22
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
True
False
23
What happens to a planet’s orbital speed as it moves closer to the Sun, according to Kepler’s Second Law?
It stops orbiting.
It remains constant.
It slows down.
It speeds up.
24
What is the primary difference between nuclear fission and fusion?
Fusion relies on gamma radiation while fission does not.
Fission splits unstable isotopes, while fusion combines smaller nuclei.
Fusion produces unstable isotopes, while fission does not.
Fission occurs in stars, while fusion happens on Earth.
25
Darwin’s theory of natural selection explains how species evolve over time through advantageous traits.
False
True
26
Carbon-based life is the only known form of life on Earth.
True
False
27
Which of the following is true regarding Kepler’s First Law of Planetary Motion?
Planets orbit the Sun in perfect circles.
Planets orbit the Sun in ellipses, with the Sun at one focus.
The distance between the Sun and planets is always the same.
The speed of planets remains constant throughout their orbit.
28
Which of the following is the correct definition of radioactive decay?
The fusing of hydrogen into helium in stars.
The process of unstable isotopes emitting particles or radiation.
The process of atoms splitting into smaller atoms.
The transformation of a gas into a solid at high pressure.
29
Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength?
Radio waves
X-rays
Ultraviolet rays
Gamma rays
30
What element is central to the chemistry of life due to its ability to form complex molecules?
Nitrogen
Carbon
Iron
Silicon
31
What key factor allows stars to shine?
Gravitational collapse
Nuclear fission
Chemical reactions
Nuclear fusion
