The presence of differences between males and females within a species is called

Sexual dimorphism, Secondary sexual characteristics

According to this definition, species are

populations capable of interbreeding and generating fertile offspring

All of the following are true about hypotheses EXCEPT...

They can be proven to be true or false

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1060 Exam 1

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Covers material for Exam 1: -Intro to Environment, Ecology, and Evolution -The Scientific Method -Intro to Evolution and Speciation -Mechanisms of Evolution -Adaptation, Convergence, and Coevolution

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1
Services that occur naturally from normal function of ecosystems that enable us to survive are known as
Sustainable actions
Environmental services
Natural resources
Ecosystem services
2
The study of biological interactions is called
Environmental science
Biology
Ecology
Preservation
3
An overarching set of many hypotheses that best explain a major phenomenon of the natural world is known as
A theory
A hypothesis
Science
Pretty sweet
4
An individual, offspring, or sex cells leave an old population/enter a new population, taking or bringing its alleles
Founder effect
Speciation
Gene flow
Bottleneck effect
5
What is the best way to ask an interesting question in the Scientific Method?
Interpret what you see
Ask the obvious
Try to explain the observation
Look for patterns
6
Which species concept is considered "best" by most evolutionary biologists?
Phylogenetic species concept
General lineage species concept
Biological species concept
7
The presence of differences between males and females within a species is called
Intersexual selection
Sexual dimorphism
Intrasexual selection
Secondary sexual characteristics
8
What is the first step of the Scientific Method?
Hypothesis
Observation
Prediction
Question
9
__________ prevent the sharing of alleles and therefore drive the process of speciation
Predators
Genetic drift
Isolating barriers
Territorial males
10
If your results reject your hypothesis, which step should you go back to in the Scientific Method?
Observation
Question
Prediction
Hypothesis
11
What is the most common isolating barrier?
Genetic incompatibilities
Allopatry
Sympatry
Courtship requirements
12
Assortative mating leads to more
heterozygotes
homozygotes
13
If your results support your hypothesis, which step should you go back to in the Scientific Method?
Prediction
Observation
Question
Hypothesis
14
The relationship between plants and insect herbivores is an example of coevolutionary escalation.
True
False
15
The social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world from undesirable changes due to human actions is called
Environmental science
Conservation
Sustainability
Environmentalism
16
Who developed a mechanism for evolution after many years observing organisms, including those in the Galapagos?
Charles Darwin
Alfred Russell Wallace
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Carl Linneaus
17
Reciprocal evolutionary change between interacting species that is driven by natural selection is known as
Adaptation
Coevolution
Speciation
Convergent evolution
18
Surviving individuals of a catastrophic event pass on only their alleles to the recovering population
Gene flow
Bottleneck effect
Natural selection
Founder effect
19
Females inspecting males for quality before deciding to mate is an example of
Mate choice
Territoriality
Intrasexual selection
Natural selection
20
Substances and energy sources from the environment that we need to survive are called
Natural resources
Natural capital
Environments
Adaptations
21
The study of how the natural world works, how the environment affects us, and how we affect it is known as
Environmentalism
Ecology
Biology
Environmental science
22
When individuals with certain genotypes mate more or less often than what would be expected from random chance alone
Sexual selection
Founder effect
Nonrandom mating
Gene flow
23
The presence of paddle-like fins in sharks and tuna are an example of convergent evolution.
True
False
24
Competition between members of the same sex is called
Sexual dimorphism
Intrasexual selection
Intersexual selection
Mate choice
25
Communication is an adaptation
False
True
26
A type of mating where individuals mate with others that are phenotypically similar to themselves
Assortative mating
Mate choice
Random mating
Disassortative mating
27
Protecting the environment in an unaltered state is called
Sustainability
Environmentalism
Preservation
Conservation
28
Chimpanzees pass the pointing test due to their cognitive adaptations, while dogs fail.
False
True
29
Resources that do not take a long time to replenish are called
Renewable resources
Natural capital
Nonrenewable resources
Pretty cool
30
A small subset of a population (a group of “founders”) leaves to found a new population
Bottleneck effect
Gene flow
Natural selection
Founder effect
31
____________ is living within our planet’s means by using resources in a way that prevents their depletion.
Evolution
Sustainability
Preservation
Environmentalism
32
Evolution is defined as a change in _____________ ...
genetics
behavior
appearance
allele frequency
33
Which of the following is NOT a requiremnt for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
No gene flow
Small population
No mutation
Random mating
34
When one species adapts by investing in defenses, and another species adapts with counterdefenses, what is occuring?
Speciation
Convergent evolution
Mate choice
Coevolutionary escalation
35
Evolution is defined as a change in allele frequency in a(n) ____________....
Species
Animal
Individual
Population
36
bb is
homozygous dominant
homozygous recessive
heterozygous
37
What must be present for evolution to take place?
Animals
Large population
Speciation
Variation
38
Any causes that can affect fitness by reducing ability to survive or reproduce that lead to convergence are called
Synapomorphies
Key innovations
Selective pressues
Convergence
39
New adaptations that allow organisms to access a new environment or resource are called
Key innovations
Miracle adaptations
Mate choice
Fitness
40
According to this definition, species are
populations capable of interbreeding and generating fertile offspring
the smallest groups whose members descended from a common ancestor
populations of organisms that exchange alleles frequently
any type of plant, animal, or fungus
41
An allele represented with a capital letter that can mask other alleles is called
Recessive
Dominant
42
All of the following are true about hypotheses EXCEPT...
They can be proven to be true or false
They are statements
They are testable
They answer your question
43
The parent with the most parental investment tends to be the less choosy parent
True
False
44
The presence of similar traits that evolved independently in seperate lineages is known as
Adapatiation
Convergent evolution
Speciation
Coevolution
45
The study of life is known as
Ecology
Sustainability
Environmental Science
Biology
46
A harmless species that mimics a toxic species is called
Antagonistic coevolution
Plant-pollinator relationship
Batesian mimicry
Speciation
47
The phenomenon where any closely related species evolved rapidly to fill empty niches in an environment is called
Adaptive radiation
Coevolution
Convergence
Dimorphism
48
What is the environment?
The continents, oceans, clouds, ice caps, plants, animals, and landscapes
All of the living things around us
All answers are correct!
Natural and manmade elements
49
The use of water-storing stems and short spines of cacti and spurges is an example of convergent evolution.
False
True
50
The alleles you have is called your
Phenotype
Genotype
51
What is a requirement for genetic drift to take place?
Small population
Allele exchange
Catastrophic event
Emigration
52
Antagonistic relationships, such as the relationship between parasites and hosts, are examples of coevolution.
True
False
53
Genetic incompatibility is an example of a
pre-zygotic isolating barrier
pre-mating isolation barrier
post-zygotic isolating barrier
54
Where does genetic variation arise from?
It is inherent to a population
Mistakes in DNA
55
The time and energy a parent puts into producing and raising offspring is called
Mate choice
Intrasexual selection
Sexual dimorphism
Parental investment
56
What is ecological footprint?
How many people the earth can support
The amount land/water needed to provide resources for a person/population
The mark left by an animal in the ground where they walked
The number of species that once lived in an area
57
Adaptations are the result of natural selection
True
False
58
The evolutionary process by which new species arise is called
Conservation
Mutation
Variation
Speciation
59
Speciation in populations that are NOT geographically seperated is called
Sympatric speciation
Friendly speciation
Spatial speciation
Allopatric speciation
60
Tool use is an adaptation
True
False
61
Traits that are shared by a group of related species because their common ancestor also had this trait are called
Selective pressures
Convergence
Synapomorphies
Coincidence
62
Your alleles are reflected in the traits you see - this is called
Appearance
Genotype
Behavior
Phenotype
63
Fitness is the ability to
Be super strong
Survive
Reproduce
Survive AND reproduce
64
Humans first evolved larger brains and then the ability to walk upright on two legs.
True
False
65
Prevention of fertilization of an egg is an example of a
post-zygotic isolating barrier
pre-zygotic isolating barrier
pre-mating isolation barrier
66
Defense of a portion of an animal's home range for exclusive use of its resources is known as
Mate choice
Intersexual selection
Territoriality
Coevolution
67
Bb is
heterozygous
homozygous recessive
homozygous dominant
68
Traits that have evolved due to sexual selection, such as horns, antlers, and bright plumage, are known as
Intersexual selection
Intrasexual selection
Sexual dimorphism
Secondary sexual characteristics
69
Adaptations increase fitness
True
False
70
Using natural resources but managing them wisely (using them sustainably) is called
Preservation
Environmentalism
Sustainability
Conservation
71
A population with a large distribution, where far ends of the population wrap around an obstruction and meet leads to
Ring species
Key innovations
One large population
Genetic drift
72
The process by which coevolution leads to genetic differences between populations is called
Convergence
Sexual selection
Genetic drift
Diversifying coevolution
73
Plant-pollinator relationships, such as Wallace's sphinx moth and the star orchid, are examples of coevolution
True
False
74
Human-driven selection is known as
Artificial selection
Domestication selection
Sexual selection
Natural selection
75
The factor that the experimenter manipulates to test their hypothesis is called
Sample size
Repeatability
Dependent variable
Independent variable
76
A test of your hypothesis is called
Experiment
Hypothesis
Prediction
Conclusion
77
Who was a naturalist that came up with a way to classify organisms (a system of taxonomy)?
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Alfred Russell Wallace
Carl Linneaus
Charles Darwin
78
What was the first adaptation seen in fossil evidence of the human lineage?
Downward oriented foramen magnum
Arched feet
Increased cranial volume
Muscle attachment sites in pelvis
79
Speciation in geographically seperated populations is called
Allopatric speciation
Island speciation
Sympatric speciation
Isolation speciation
80
BB is
homozygous dominant
homozygous recessive
heterozygous
81
Who proposed that organisms are driven to complexity and evolve based on desire?
Carl Linneaus
Alfred Russell Wallace
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Charles Darwin
82
Species of humans, our ancestors, and our close relatives are known as
Homo sapiens
Invertebrates
Monkeys
Hominins
83
Evolutionary mechanism where the environment determines fitness, and traits that increase fitness become more common
Artificial selection
Gene flow
Natural selection
Genetic drift
84
Non-primate animals can build and use tools.
True
False
85
Inherited traits that allow an individual to outcompete those without the trait are called
Fitness
Adaptations
Convergence
Coevolution
86
Disassortative mating leads to more
homozygotes
heterozygotes
87
A mistake in copying DNA is called
Mitosis
Mutation
An oopsie
Cancer

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