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Duplicate of BI-102-07 Final
Males have
Which of the following statements about speciation is true?
Duplicate of BI-102-07 Final
103 terms
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Practice test for the final.
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Answers
1
Which of the following statements about speciation is true?
It is when one species splits into two daughter species
It is usually gradual
Reproductive isolation is an important component
All of the above
2
Males have
Just testosterone
Both testosterone and estrogen
Ovaries
Just estrogen
3
The major function of the colon or large intestine is
the digestive breakdown of foods
to reabsorb water
the secretion of bile and enzymes
to absorb nutrients from foods
4
Reflex pathways or reflexes
Are automatic responses to a stimulus
Do not require learning to occur
Are the simplest pathways of the nervous system
All of the above
5
In which type of interaction do both participants benefit?
Amensalism
Competition
Mutualism
Parasitism
6
Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because ___.
gas flows from low pressure region to one of high pressure
pulmonary muscles contract pulling on outer surface of lungs
intercostals and diaphragm contract volume up, pressure down
positive respiratory pressure created when diaphragm relaxes
7
plants are most commonly pollinated by
humans
dogs
very large birds
small insects or the wind
8
Osteoporosis happens when:
Osteoclasts break down bone too much
All of the above
Calcium intake is insufficient
Calcium regulation is defective
9
The major enzyme produced by the stomach is
amylase
mucus
chyme
pepsin
10
Which of the following statements about population bottlenecks is false?
They can result in changes in allele frequencies.
They are an example of genetic drift.
They can result in the loss of genetic variation.
They arise from severe reductions in population size.
11
Which of the following is NOT a function of the circulatory system
Coordinate body system responses
Distribute heat from muscles to skin
Carry metabolic wastes for disposal
Deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells
12
Homeostasis is the process by which organisms:
Regenerate liver cells
Regulate the brain synapses
Repair genetic errors
Maintain conditions within a certain range
13
An exoskeleton consists of
Hardened plates at the surface of a body
Internal hard parts
Fluid in an internal space
Fluid that surrounds the body
14
A species that exerts a disproportionately large influence on a community is called a(n)
Primary producer
Ecosystem engineer
Tilman species
Keystone species
15
Blood pressure is highest in the ___ and lowest in the
veins; arteries
capillaries; arterioles
arteries; veins
arterioles; venules
16
Your metabolic rate is associated with
Thyroid hormones and iodine.
How many pushups you can do in two minutes.
Pineal hormones and iodine.
Gonad hormones and iodine.
17
The species that live and interact in a given area constitute an ecological___________.
Family
Food web
Community
Biome
18
The parasympathetic division controls
Fight-or-flight response.
Digestion and resting heart rate.
Increased heart rate and blood pressure.
Increased release of epinephrine and production of glucouse
19
The lymphatic system
Is necissary to deliver hormones
Responds to pathogens and foreign cells
Drains fluid from cells around circulatory system
Both A and B
20
Greenhouse gases
are produced by natural and human activities
slow the escape of heat from Earth into space
all of these
are at higher levels than they were 100 years ago
21
Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor affecting the population?
Predators of lemmings hunt areas of high lemming populations
Lots of lemmings deplets food supply, now make less pups.
A contagious disease kills a dense population of lemmings
An early winter kills 80% of lemmings in an area
22
An ecosystem
requires ongoing inputs of energy and nutrients
recycles materials through organisms + enviornment in cycles
All of the above
has a one-way flow of energy throughout its components
23
Change in allele frequency of a population is called
Adaptive radiation
Microevolution
Macroevolution
Inbreeding
24
Male and female gonads have the following function(s)?
Delivering gametes
Making gametes
Producing sex hormones
A and B
25
Which of the following statements about animals with complete digestive tracts is false?
Food enters and exits the same opening
The digestive tract has specialized segments.
There are two openings to the digestive tract.
All digestion occurs inside the digestive tract.
26
specialized leaves are also used for which of the following?
traps for insects
water storage
tedrils to climb
all of them
27
The neurotransmitter related to addiction and the "feel good center" of the brain is
Acetylcholine
Epinephrine
Progesterone
Dopomine
28
Blood is a ___ tissue.
Connective
Epithelial
Muscle
Matrix
29
Which selection mode is when individuals at both extremes of the distribution have high fitness
Disruptive selection
Sexual selection
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
30
Breathing eliminates ___, one of the waste products of cell metabolism.
CO2
cardon tetrachloride
CO
calcium carbonate
31
In an open circulatory system,
there are no vessels
there is a direct connection from pump output to pump return
there is no heart
Blood and tissue fluid are same and combine into hemolymph
32
Random genetic drift would probably have the smallest effect on which of these populations?
small population in which mating is random
small population in which mating is nonrandom
large pop with no immigration from a neighboring population
small, isolated population
33
Movement of food along the intestinal tract from mouth to anus is due to
reverse peristalsis
diffusion
osmosis
peristalsis
34
Bone is broken down by
Osteofibroids
Osteosarcoids
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
35
Vertebrae skin performs all the following functions with the exception of
All of the above are true
Helps regulate body temperature
Providing protection from pathogens
Provides sensory input
36
With negative feedback, a stimulus causes a response that ___ the stimulus.
Reduces
Accelerates
Has no effect on
Mimics
37
Evolution is:
Only something that happens in bacteria
Genes mutating AND changing allele distributions over time
Something that used to happen to dinosaurs
No longer happening in living creatures
38
Which Criteria allow biologists to divide chemicals into macronutrients and macronutrients
how they are used in metabolism
whether or not they are essential for plant growth
the quantities of each required by plants
Molecular weight of the element or compound
39
The oldest fossils
Represent the most highly evolved organisms
are found in Africa
Are found buried deeper in the ground than more modern forms
Demonstrate the widest distribution
40
Nutrients that the body cannot make and must obtain from food are called
Essencial nutrients
Water
Non-essential nutrients
Protiens
41
In the human heart, blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the
pulmonary circut
left atrium
systemic circut
right ventricle
42
Using Plants to take up toxic chemicals dissolved in soil water is an example of?
Phytoremediation
Mitigation
Phytoplankton
Phytometabolism
43
Epithelial cells are more likely to develop cancer because:
They have worse DNA proofreading than other types of cells
They are exposed to sun, particles, etc.
A and B
They divide fairly rapidly
44
The peripheral nervous system consists of
The brain and spinal cord
The brain, spinal cord and cranial nerves
All the nerves *except* the brain and spinal cord
The cranial nerves
45
A species that exerts an influence on a community that's greater than its abundance is called a
Primary producer
Successional species
Keystone species
Ecosystem engineer
46
Which teeth are less prominent in animals with a diet consisting mainly of plants?
Incisors
Canines
Molars
Premolars
47
The fossil record shows:
Assorted organisms that are ancestors of living ones
Things about organisms' environment, like past oxygen levels
All of these
Traces if how these organisms lived, like footsteps
48
The left ventricle in humans is more muscular than the right ventricle because
None of the above
it pumps more blood.
resistance is higher due to area covered in pulmonary circut
resistance is higher due to area covered in systemic circut.
49
Stem cells are cells that
are key to producing new or replacement tissues
All of the above
can divide and produce more stem cells
can differentiate into specialized cells in the body
50
The intervertebral discs and the vertebrae form what kind of joint?
Synovial
Cruciate
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
51
An action potential flows faster
When it flows towards the dendrites
When the nerve is covered in a myelin sheath
When it is in the central nervous system
When the nerve is at rest
52
An action potential
Moves in both directions
Only uses the sodium pump
Requires no stimulus to occur
Requires moving of Na+ and K+ ions across plasma membrane
53
Nutrient cycles involve:
Environment where nutrients R from and organisms that use it
Weather and decomposition only
The sun only
Just water
54
Muscles
Can cause bone to move by contracting muscle fibers
A and C
Work in opposing pairs
Can expand past their fully-relaxed length
55
The ultimate origin of all genetic variation is
Genetic drift randomly changing distributions
the founder effect
Mutation creating new variations
Natural selection
56
Inside animals, where is water found?
Only outside and around cells
Only inside cells
Animals do not have water in their bodies
Found both inside cells and outside cells
57
Male mallards have green heads. The females are brown. What is this phenotypic pattern?
Disruptive selection
Sexual selection/ Dimorphism
Genetic drift
Stabilizing selection
58
primary function of a typical leaf is
support
absorption
food storage
photosynthesis
59
Neuroactive drugs and medications:
Must only affect neurotransmitters
All affect the same neurotransmitter, dopamine
Don't have to enter the brain
Must enter the brain and must affect neurotransmitters
60
which is the most likely sequence of events in allopatric speciation
genetic divergence, gegraphic barrier,reproductive isolation
gegraphic barrier, reproductive isolation,genetic divergence
genetic divergence,reproductive isolation, gegraphic barrier
gegraphic barrier,genetic divergence, reproductive isolation
61
Your circadian rhythm is related to the hormone ___ from your pineal gland.
Melatonin
Estrogen
Testosterone
Calcitonin
62
The primary cell types of connective tissue is/are
Fibroblasts
Myocytes
Osteoblasts
Dermatoblasts
63
A trait is adaptive if it
Increases fitness
Occurs only in fossils
Is passed on to offspring
Arises by mutation
64
The main center for endocrine control of the internal environment is
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
65
Two plants grow well alone. When grown together, plantA dominates and plantB dies off. This is:
mimicry
succession
Parasitism
competitive exclusion
66
Some organisms, like earthworms and squid, have neuron clusters for regional reception called
The peripheral nervous system
The central nervous system
The spinal cord
Ganglia
67
The accessory organ that has both endocrine and exocrine function is the
Liver
Kidney
Pancreas
Gall bladder
68
Changes in genetic makeup can arise from
all of them
non disjunction
crossing over
fertilization
69
What is the difference between an endocrine and exocrine gland?
Exocrine are ductless and release into extracelluar fluids
Endocrine are ductless and release into extracelluar fluids
Exocrine have ducts and release into the extracelluar fluid
Endocrine have ducts and release into the extracelluar fluid
70
Which vessel transports oxygenated blood from the lung into the heart?
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava
71
Tissues are:
Only found in the skin
Made of one cell type acting together
Only found in internal organs
Two or more cell types acting together
72
An individual sarcomere unit consists of
A stack of actin fibers
A stack of myosin units
Overlapping myosin and membrane
Overlapping actin and myosin
73
Which of the following is necessary to carry out contraction of red muscle fibers
Mitochondria
Myoglobin
ATP
All of the above
74
A species that tends to tell you something about and ecosystem's health is
A parasite
A competitive exclusion
An indicator species
An intermedeate disturbance
75
Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion?
A and C
stomach contractions
chewing food
bile breaking down lipids
76
Neurotransmitters
Usually reside in vesicles outside the axon terminal
Are releases when Ca++ ions enter the axon terminal
Are released when the neuron is at resting potential
Only have one function
77
Which of the following structures is the site of gas exchange in the lungs?
Bronchioles
Bronchi
Alveoli
Trachea
78
The pulmonary circuit of mammals
Delivers blood exclusively to the brain
Carrie blood to body tissues and back
Carries blood to the lungs and back
Allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix
79
Which region of the vascular bed is the actual site of gas exchange with surrounding tissue?
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Lymphatic vessels
80
In the cardiac cycle, blood pressure is at a maximum when the
Heart is contracting during systole.
Heart is relaxing during systole.
Blood vessels are all dilated
Heart is contracting during diastole.
81
The idea that organisms can share anatomy despite being different species is
embryology
de-evolution
comparative morphology
continental drift
82
Physiological changes in the respiratory system that occur in response to high altitudes called
Chemoreception
Acclimatization
Agglutination
Aggravation
83
Predators and prey tend to co-evolve traits because:
Chance alone accounts for all evolution
Success in eating is the only reason for evolution success
They interact + put pressure on others genetic distributions
Random genetic change alone accounts for this
84
The two primary cell types of the nervous system are ___ and ___.
Neurons; glial cells
Epthelial cells; glandular cells
Neurons; epithelial cells
Fibroblasts; chondrocytes
85
Smooth muscle is
Found in the heart
Found in the walls of arteries
Is striated
Is under voluntary control
86
The pathway for nerve impulses
Follows path of sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron
Follows chain of sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron
None of the above
Follows pathway of motor neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron
87
Secondary messengers are
Signaling molecules that can diffuse through cell membrane
Second class messengers in the Army Signal Corps
Formed in cell upon surface binding of signaling molecule
Signaling molecules that bind with receptors on cell surface
88
flowering plants must use the flowers for
only for display
only as a food source for animals
only to make seeds
atrracting pollinators, gamete formation, and reproduction
89
When an action potential arrives at the axon terminal
Neurotransmitter reuptake starts.
Vesicles release their neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft
Sodium flows out into the synaptic cleft.
Clacium flows out of the axon.
90
Sexual reproduction
All of the above
Produces offspring identical in their traits
Requires the formation of gametes by meiosis
Occurs only in vertebrate
91
Plants tend to transport
water and sugars both in xylem
water and sugars both in phloem
Water in xylem and sugars in phloem
Water in phloem and sugars in xylem
92
Organ systems:
Cannot communicate with each other
Are made of one tissue type each
Only exist in mammals
Are made of 2 or more organs acting together
93
The role of two tendons is to join
Muscle and bone
Two bones
Two ligaments
Bone and ligament
94
What level of soil is most important for plant growth?
Bed rock
Topsoil
All of the above
Surface detritus/dead plant material
95
Evolution occurs at the level of
the population
environmentally based phenotypic variation
the individual phenotype
the individual genotype
96
Fat digestion is aided by which of the following produced by the liver
Lipase
Bile
Pancreatic protease
Pancreatic amylase
97
Which of the following would represent primary succession?
None of the above
Development of an aquatic community in new pond made forest
Gradual establishment of forest folowing fire, killed all
Invasion of weeds, shrubs, then trees on an abandoned field
98
The oxygen transported in human blood
Is bound to hemoglobin
Combines with carbon to form carbon dioxide
Is dissolved in the plasma
Is in the form of bicarbonate
99
For many animals, absorption of most nutrients occurs in the
large intestine
small intestine
stomach
cecum
100
Red blood cells function in
Thermal regulation
Movement of lymph
Blood clotting
Oxygen transport
101
Acetylcholine
Is a neurotransmitter found only in the brain
Sodium influx into a muscular cell triggering contraction
Is an enzyme
A neurotransmitter associated with neuromuscular junctions
102
Which doesn't contribute to large surface area for nutrient absorption in small intestines?
Intestinal length
Microvilli
Villi
Bile duct
103
Adipose is a connective tissue that is
Used to protect and cusion body organs
Used to connect epithelia to underlying tissues
Found in tendons to connect muscle to bone
Made up of osteocytes