Which of the following describes vestigial features?

no longer serves original purpose

What is the founder effect?

a few individuals break off to establish a new population

What did Darwin and Wallace add to the body of scientific knowledge?

evolution is clear, specific, and testable

What does the presence of wisdom teeth indicate?

human ancestors had a need for them

What is the criteria for the biological species concept?

individuals actually (or potentially) mate

What is a limitation of the morphological species concept?

there is still phenotypic variation among the same species

A good measure of biological fitness is

the number of surviving offspring an organism produces

What is a limitation of the biological species concept?

not applicable to extinct organisms

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Evolutionary Processes

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Questions 75

Answers

1
Which selection pattern increases variation?
balancing
disruptive
stabilizing
natural
2
Disease kills large portion of the population, leads to a large shift in allele frequencies
Bottleneck effect
Disease effect
Genetic flow
Founder effect
3
Selection for traits that increase access to mates, but decrease survivorship
Fitness selection
Survivorship success
Sexual selection
Random mating
4
Which of the following describes vestigial features?
no longer serves original purpose
a feature that all ancestors share
serves same purpose
every species has
5
Introducing non-deleterious alleles into a population suffering from inbreeding depression
migration
outbreeding depression
mutation
genetic rescue
6
What is the founder effect?
relative proportion if offspring in next generation
increase fitness by increasing quanitity
large population becomes small
a few individuals break off to establish a new population
7
Mating between close relatives
inbreeding
outbreeding
genetic stability
genetic rescue
8
The theory of evolution emphasized the importance of ____ in populations.
variation and change
fixation
reproductive success
ancestry
9
The process of change in (favorable) heritable traits is
genetic drift
natural selection
artificial selection
evolution
10
Hybrids with an odd number of chromosomes fail to form viable gametes
Gametic isolation
Low fertility
Low viability
Hybrid sterility
11
Homologous features present for limited period during development
Developmental traits
Vestigial traits
Analogous features
None of the above
12
Decline in average fitness of a population due to increased homozygosity
bottleneck effect
outbreeding depression
genetic drift
inbreeding depression
13
Any change in allele frequencies in a population due to chance
Sexual selection
Evolution
Mutation
Genetic drift
14
What did Darwin and Wallace add to the body of scientific knowledge?
traits are heritable
the process of artificial selection
evolution is clear, specific, and testable
all of the above
15
A population’s homeland is split
founder effect
bottleneck
allopatric speciation
vicariance
16
Gene flow and/or migration results in populations becoming:
larger
more different
more similar
they don't change
17
Which is the correct Hardy-Weinberg equation for allele frequencies?
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
2p + 2q = 1
p + q = 1
p = q
18
Most advanced method for determining relatedness of species
Genetic homology
Linnean classification
Homologous traits
Homologous developmental traits
19
What is a change in allele frequencies in a population over time?
mutation
natural selection
evolution
genetic drift
20
Decline in average fitness of a pop. due to disruption of coadapted gene complexes
founder effect
inbreeding disruption
outbreeding disruption
genetic rescue
21
What does the presence of wisdom teeth indicate?
it is a mutation
human ancestors had a need for them
we use them for breaking down tough materials
monkeys have wisdom teeth
22
What type of selection is this?
directional
balancing
stabilizing
disruptive
23
What type of selection has a graph that looks identical to the original population?
disruptive
stabilizing
directional
balancing
24
What type of selection is this?
stabilizing
disruptive
balancing
directional
25
In which type of selection favors the average trait and reduces variation?
disruptive
stabilizing
balancing
directional
26
What is the ultimate source of genetic variability?
mutation
random mating
gene flow
genetic drift
27
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial trait in humans?
all of the above
small intestine
coccyx (tailbone)
canine teeth
28
Introducing non-deleterious alleles into a population suffering from inbreeding depression
Inbreeding rescue
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Genetic rescue
29
New species from same ancestor arise in same location
allopatric speciation
founder effect
sympatric speciation
vicariance
30
Males often increase fitness by producing a greater _____ of gametes.
frequency
quality
survivorship success
quantity
31
Which of the following is required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
mutation
gene flow
sexual selection
infinitely large population
32
The Hardy-Weinberg Model (no evolution) states that ______ frequencies remains the same.
mating
recessive
allele
reproduction
33
Similar species fail to mate because they have different life cycles and never interact
habitat isolation
temporal isolation
mechanical isolation
behavioral isolation
34
What is the criteria for the biological species concept?
genetic analysis
individuals actually (or potentially) mate
individuals look similar phenotypically
individuals look similar genotypically
35
Similar species fail to mate because they physically cannot
mechanical isolation
habitat isolation
behavioral isolation
gametic isolation
36
What is the main benefit of the morphological species concept?
cheap, easy, fast but accurate
requires fancy equipment
reflects our understanding of evolution
all of the above
37
Which is the correct Hardy-Weinberg equation for genotype frequencies?
p + 2pq + q = 1
2p + 2pq + 2q = 1
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
p2 + 2pq2 + q2 = 1
38
Darwin and _______ developed revolutionary theories of evolution by natural selection.
Wallace
Hulton
Linneaus
Cook
39
What is a limitation of the morphological species concept?
does not work with asexual species
does not apply to extinct species
there is still phenotypic variation among the same species
expensive
40
Balancing selection that favors heterozygosity
Heterozygote advantage
Homozygote advantage
Frequency dependent selection
Rarity selection
41
Evolution is changes in pop. that occur when heritable variation leads to differentiable ____.
reproductive success
reproduction
fitness
mutation
42
What type of selection is this?
stabilizing
disruptive
balancing
directional
43
Similar species fail to produce viable offspring because the offspring are less likely to live
low fertility
low opportunity
gametic incompatibility
low viability
44
Mutation causes
natural selection
genetic drift
evolution
bottleneck effect
45
What type of selection causes the average to move to one extreme and reduces variation?
directional
stabilizing
disruptive
balancing
46
Offspring look similar to parents because shared genetic material
heritability
mutation
artificial selection
independent assortment
47
If species are dynamic, we can expect
different species in the past
species in an area will resemble earlier spp from same area
all of the above
transitional forms
48
(4) Individuals with certain [favorable] heritable traits have higher ______ _______.
reproductive variation
quantity of offspring
selection
survivorship success
49
Exponential growth of a population when there is lower competition, predation, disease, etc
character displacement
vicariance
adaptive radiation
bottleneck effect
50
A good measure of biological fitness is
all of the above
how long an organism survives
have large an organism grows
the number of surviving offspring an organism produces
51
What is a limitation of the biological species concept?
not applicable to extinct organisms
phenotypic variation in same species
convergence within closely related species
mimicry in species
52
The Theory of Evolution focused on
individual level thinking
the process of heritability
transitional species
population level thinking
53
New species from same ancestor arise in different locations
allopatric speciation
founder effect
sympatric speciation
vicariance
54
What happens in disruptive selection?
increased variation
decreased variation
lower fitness at extremes
average is favored
55
Example of structural homologous feature, used to transition to land
all of the above
tetrapod limb
pharyngeal gill slits
amniotic egg
56
When males and females are physically different
Monomorphic
Polymorphic
Gendomorphic
Dimorphic
57
DO same thing/ shared function
heterozygous
homologous
homozygous
analogous
58
What is the main benefit of the biological species concept?
cheap, easy, fast but accurate
reflects our understanding of evolution
inexpensive
works with all cases
59
Evolution is changes in pop. that occur when ___ leads to differential reproductive success.
heritable variation
natural selection
survival of the fittest
fitness
60
What is the main criteria for the morphological species concept?
individuals look similar phenotypically
individuals look similar genotypically
genetic analysis
individuals actually (or potentially) mate
61
Similar species fail to mate because they occupy different habitats and never interact
mechanical isolation
temporal isolation
gametic isolation
habitat isolation
62
The theory of evolution came after:
the age of exploration
Linnean classification
the age of reason
all of the above
63
What happens in stabilizing selection?
the average fluctuates
variation increases
variation decreases
average shifts to extremes
64
Expectation or hypothesis to predict no change
dynamic speciation
fixed speciation
null hypothesis
theory of nothing
65
Which of the following is NOT evolution?
mutation
non-random mating
migration
natural selection
66
What is NOT evidence for common ancestry?
geographically close species
similar developmental traits
analogous features
vestigial features
67
FROM same thing/ shared origin
homozygous
heterozygous
homologous
analogous
68
Balancing selection that favors the more rare trait
Heterozygote advantage
Frequency dependent seletion
Rarity selection
Homozygote advantage
69
Which is NOT one of Darwin's 4 postulates?
individuals in a population vary in their traits
ind with certain traits are less likely to survive/reproduce
some of these differences are heritable
more offspring are produced than can survive
70
Which are two types of genetic drift? (two correct answers)
founder effect
gene rescue
bottleneck effect
gene flow
71
If species are fixed, we can expect
no evidence of ancestors
similar species in the past
mixed species
very different in the past
72
What is random, increases diversity, and changes allele frequencies?
stabilization
genetic drift
mutation
migration
73
Genetic drift in which individuals migrate to new area, leads to a large shift in allele freq.
genetic drift
genetic rescue
founder effect
bottleneck effect
74
Does not change allele frequencies, therefore is not evolution
bottleneck effect
non-random mating
mutation
founder effect
75
Similar species are less likely to pass on their genes because their offspring are sterile
hybrid sterility
low fertility
low opportunity
low viability

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