Which of the following is true of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ?

It eliminated the quotas based on national origins adopted in the 1920s.

The ideas expressed in the excerpt arose most directly in reaction to which of the following?

Discrimination and disenfranchisement that contiuned after legislative gain

The historical development described in the excerpt can best be explained by which of the following relateddevelopments?

The persistence of economic and racial disparity in the United States

The presence of troops overseas in the countries indicated on the graph demonstrates United States prioritization

Practicing containment around the world

Which of the following is most characteristic of President Eisenhower’s Cold War strategy?

It relied on the principle of massive retaliation.

Which of the following was a similarity between Eisenhower’s and Kennedy’s arguments in the excerpts?

Both asserted that communism was a threat to the United States

Mexican American activism in the 1950s and 1960s was most directly inspired by which of the following?

The tactics and goals of the African American Civil Rights movement

The Marshall Plan most directly resulted from which of the following?

A foreign policy based on the collective security of noncommunist

It overlooked which of the following contexts that allowed for the expansion of suburbia?

The reliance on new roads and highways

Carson’s argument in the excerpt most strongly influenced the

passage of new laws to reduce pollution

Which of the following civil rights groups is NOT correctly matched with one of its leading figures?

Southern Christian Leadership Conference . …. Marcus Garvey

Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech helped mark the beginning of which of the following developments?

The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union

Many of the federal policies and initiatives passed in the 1960s address which of the following about the economic

Pockets of poverty persisted despite overall affluence.

The situation depicted in the map had the most in common with which of the following earlier processes?

Patterns of residential segregation in the antebellum South

Which of the following political debates in the twentieth century best explains the goal of the act to “fulfill the

The debate over the expansion of executive authority

former British prime minister expressed the ideas in the excerpt to an audience in the United States helped promote

participation of both Britain and the United States in an international

Which of the following was most responsible for bringing to an end Senator Joseph McCarthy’s anticommunist campaign?

Television audiences witnessed his manner of leveling unsubstantiated

Influential critics of the 1950’s, such as David Riesman, were most concerned with which of the following

Alienation and conformity in modern society

The Free Speech Movement, the National Organization for Women, and the American Indian all largely influenced by the

tactics of Civil Rights activists

The purpose of the Truman Doctrine of 1947 was to

prevent communism from spreading further through military aggression

The containment policy articulated by George F. Kennan in 1947 proposed

efforts by the United States to block the expansion of the Soviet Union’s

One way in which immigration policy changed from 1960’s to 1920’s was that legislation in the 1960’s

loosened restrictions on immigration on the basis of national origin

Rhetoric in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following policies?

Rejecting tactics used to expose alleged communists in the government

The ideas expressed in the excerpt helped to justify which of the following United States foreign policies?

Forming collective security agreements among noncommunist nations

African American pressure prompted President Harry Truman to advance civil rights by

issuing Executive Order 9981 desegregating the armed forces

Which of the following describes the trend in crude oil imports to the United States from 1950 to 1970

Crude oil imports rose gradually until reaching half a billion

Which of the following resulted from the Cuban missile crisis?

The Soviets withdrew their missiles from Cuba

In which of the following ways did public attitudes toward the Civil Rights movement change as a result of sentiments

White approval declined as a result of the perception that aggressive

The reference to “the world revolution” in the excerpt most directly refers to which of the following developments

Decolonization and the emergence of nationalist actions in Asia and Africa

In an influential 1947 article, diplomat George F. Kennan advocated that the United States should

focus its foreign policy on containing the spread of Soviet communism

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court decision that

declared racially segregated public schools inherently unequal

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution is significant because it

let the president to take any measures necessary to repel attacks Vrs USA

In the 1960s, the policy referenced in the image was

overturned by the passage of new legislation

The policies advocated by Marshall had most in common with which of the following developments

The attempts by the federal government to foster economic opportunities

Which of the following migration patterns had the greatest impact on United States society in the 1950s?

Migration of Americans from urban centers to the suburbs

What best explains the reason for the deployment of United States troops overseas at the timewhen this act was passed?

The fear of the expansion of communism to foreign nations

Which of the following was true of women in the five years following the Second World War?

Large numbers left their industrial jobs to make room for

Which of the following most directly contributed to the emergence of Mexican American activism in the 1950s and 1960s?

Changing immigration policies and patterns

The events described in the excerpt contributed most directly to the

passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

A desire for greater security in the United States emerged immediately after the Second World War because of which?

The spread of international communism

What conclusions about school segregation in 1954 can be drawn from the map above?

School segregation was a national problem, not confined to one area

Which of the following led to increased United States involvement in the war in Vietnam?

Congressional approval of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Whyte’s discussion about the “issue of individualism” best supports which of the following situations in the 1950’s

The rejection of mass culture by some artists and intellectuals

poverty rates of the early 1960s depicted in the graph most directly contributed to which of the following

Reformers criticized the persistence of inequality despite the affluence

McCarthy’s accusations in the excerpt best reflect which of the following?

Anxieties about Soviet influence at home and abroad

During his presidency, Richard Nixon did which of the following?

Ended American participation in the war in Vietnam.

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Answers

1
Which of the following is true of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ?
It contributed to a rise in the percent of immigrants
It was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
banned immigrant from communist controlled countries into the United States
It eliminated the quotas based on national origins adopted in the 1920s.
2
The cartoon above refers to which of the following political figures?
Richard Nixon
Whittaker Chambers
Adlai Stevenson
Joseph McCarthy
3
The ideas expressed in the excerpt arose most directly in reaction to which of the following?
increase in conservative political activism by Black evangelical churches
American labor unions after the red scare
Discrimination and disenfranchisement that contiuned after legislative gain
4
The historical development described in the excerpt can best be explained by which of the following relateddevelopments?
The decrease in the number of people going to colleges and universities
The persistence of economic and racial disparity in the United States
The small concern about the threat of Soviet influence in the United States
5
The presence of troops overseas in the countries indicated on the graph demonstrates United States prioritization
Defending the principles of the Monroe Doctrine
Engaging in the global war on terrorism
Practicing containment around the world
Fighting communism in the Middle East
6
Which of the following is most characteristic of President Eisenhower’s Cold War strategy?
It relied on the principle of massive retaliation.
It relied on a massive buildup of conventional troops.
restricted any further development of the United States nuclear ar
caused him to restrict covert operations of the Central Intelligence
7
Which of the following was a similarity between Eisenhower’s and Kennedy’s arguments in the excerpts?
Both declared that the United States had lost international influence.
Both claimed that defense policy could threaten liberty at home.
Both called for an increase in spending on military weapons
Both asserted that communism was a threat to the United States
8
Mexican American activism in the 1950s and 1960s was most directly inspired by which of the following?
The public reaction against antiwar protesters
The emergence of evangelical Christian political activism
The tactics and goals of the African American Civil Rights movement
9
The Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT), expanded trade with the Soviet Union
détente
brinkmanship
rollback
deterrence
10
The Marshall Plan most directly resulted from which of the following?
Conservatives’ fears of domestic unrest and challenges to the traditional
A strategy focused on promoting the development of a suburban society
A foreign policy based on the collective security of noncommunist
The effort to create alliances with newly decolonized countries
11
It overlooked which of the following contexts that allowed for the expansion of suburbia?
The sharp increase in birth rates after the war
The growth of income for middle-class families
The appeal of modern amenities to consumers
The reliance on new roads and highways
12
Carson’s argument in the excerpt most strongly influenced the
growing number of farmers in the United States
rise of a counterculture among young people
establishment of the National Park System
passage of new laws to reduce pollution
13
Which of the following civil rights groups is NOT correctly matched with one of its leading figures?
black Panthers . . Huey Newton
Southern Christian Leadership Conference . …. Marcus Garvey
Black Muslims . . Malcolm X
14
Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech helped mark the beginning of which of the following developments?
The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union
United States efforts to counteract Soviet influence by sending troops
Soviet Union efforts to extend its influence into the countries of Western
United States campaigns to support democratic movements in Latin America
15
Many of the federal policies and initiatives passed in the 1960s address which of the following about the economic
A rising standard of living encouraged unionization of industrial workers.
Private industry boomed in spite of a declining rate of federal spending.
Affluence had effectively eliminated racial discrimination.
Pockets of poverty persisted despite overall affluence.
16
In the mid-1950s, President Eisenhower’s argument for federal funding of highway construction emphasized
defeating the domestic communist threat
beautification
economic stimulus
national defense
17
The situation depicted in the map had the most in common with which of the following earlier processes?
African American migration patterns during and after the First World War
Patterns of residential segregation in the antebellum South
Guarantee rights for formerly enslaved people during Reconstruction
18
Which of the following political debates in the twentieth century best explains the goal of the act to “fulfill the
The debate over the extension of individual rights to new groups
The debate over the expansion of executive authority
The debate over restricting civil liberties in wartime
The debate over the role of the federal government in the economy
19
former British prime minister expressed the ideas in the excerpt to an audience in the United States helped promote
participation of both Britain and the United States in an international
greater United States willingness to share nuclear weapons with Britain
the United States to withdraw troops from Japan in order to better protect
United States support for British efforts to retain its colonial empire
20
Which of the following was most responsible for bringing to an end Senator Joseph McCarthy’s anticommunist campaign?
courts issued an injunction against further accusations by McCarthy.
President Truman publicly criticized McCarthy.
Television audiences witnessed his manner of leveling unsubstantiated
McCarthy proved his charges of communist subversion.
21
Influential critics of the 1950’s, such as David Riesman, were most concerned with which of the following
Alienation and conformity in modern society
Schooling for the baby-boom generation
The threat to the nation form communist subversion
The economic responsibilities of being a world superpower
22
The Free Speech Movement, the National Organization for Women, and the American Indian all largely influenced by the
liberal platform of the Democratic Party
writings of the Beat Generation
tactics of Civil Rights activists
23
The purpose of the Truman Doctrine of 1947 was to
decrease the risk of nuclear war by placing atomic weaponry
prevent communism from spreading further through military aggression
prevent the spread of independence movements in European colonies
retake Eastern Europe from the Soviet Union
24
The containment policy articulated by George F. Kennan in 1947 proposed
efforts by the United States to block the expansion of the Soviet Union’s
a United States commitment to free Eastern Europe from communism
an all-out campaign to destabilize the Soviet Union
the end of the SU
25
One way in which immigration policy changed from 1960’s to 1920’s was that legislation in the 1960’s
imposed a ban on immigration from Asia
barred immigration from Eastern European countries
loosened restrictions on immigration on the basis of national origin
established limits on the number of immigrants allowed in the country
26
Which of the following was a reason for the patterns depicted on the map?
brown v Board of Edu
Resistance to brown v board
27
Rhetoric in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following policies?
Establishing the diplomatic strategy of détente with communist nations
Supporting regimes in Korea and Vietnam against communist influence
Preventing members of the Communist Party from running for office
Rejecting tactics used to expose alleged communists in the government
28
The ideas expressed in the excerpt helped to justify which of the following United States foreign policies?
Maintaining isolationism and neutrality in European affairs
Rejecting colonialism in Africa and the Middle East
Allowing Japan to reestablish its army and navy
Forming collective security agreements among noncommunist nations
29
African American pressure prompted President Harry Truman to advance civil rights by
agreeing to outlaw the newly formed States’ Rights Party
proposing a constitutional amendment banning Jim Crow laws
issuing Executive Order 9981 desegregating the armed forces
signing the Voting Rights Act
30
Which of the following describes the trend in crude oil imports to the United States from 1950 to 1970
Crude oil imports rapidly increased to 2 billion in 1960
Crude oil imports grew to a peak just before 1970
Crude oil imports declined rapidly until 1960
Crude oil imports rose gradually until reaching half a billion
31
Which of the following resulted from the Cuban missile crisis?
The Soviets were allowed to keep existing missiles
The United States agreed to withdraw from Berlin in exchange for Soviet
The Soviets withdrew their missiles from Cuba
The United States succeeded in eliminating all communist influence
32
In which of the following ways did public attitudes toward the Civil Rights movement change as a result of sentiments
The federal government responded by enacting social welfare
White approval declined as a result of the perception that aggressive
Liberal feminists adopted the tactics of the Black Panthers
Young people increasingly rejected the platform of the Black Panthers
33
The reference to “the world revolution” in the excerpt most directly refers to which of the following developments
The beginning of the Cold War in Europe
United States efforts to create a national energy policy
Decolonization and the emergence of nationalist actions in Asia and Africa
United States support for anticommunist regimes in Latin America
34
In an influential 1947 article, diplomat George F. Kennan advocated that the United States should
adopt a more conciliatory policy toward the Soviet Union
invade the Soviet Union to establish democracy
focus its foreign policy on containing the spread of Soviet communism
covert activities in underdeveloped countries to undermine communis
35
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court decision that
provided for federal support of parochial schools
established free public colleges in the United States
was a forerunner of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
declared racially segregated public schools inherently unequal
36
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution is significant because it
conferred the most-favored-nation status to China in its trade with the USA
let the president to take any measures necessary to repel attacks Vrs USA
required Taiwan to relinquish its position on the United Nations Security
37
In the 1960s, the policy referenced in the image was
made permanent through an amendment to the United States Constitution
overturned by the passage of new legislation
determined the purview of the states rather than the federal government
38
The policies advocated by Marshall had most in common with which of the following developments
The forcing of American Indians onto reservations
The emergence of political machines in the late 1800s, which provided econ
The expansion of a market economy in the early 1800s
The attempts by the federal government to foster economic opportunities
39
Which of the following migration patterns had the greatest impact on United States society in the 1950s?
Migration of Americans from urban centers to the suburbs
Immigration of East Asians to the West Coast
Migration of Mexican Americans to midwestern cities
Migration
40
What best explains the reason for the deployment of United States troops overseas at the timewhen this act was passed?
The attempts to overthrow Soviet domination in Eastern Europe
The concern over German aggression in Europe
The fear of the expansion of communism to foreign nations
The desire to gain political control over new colonial territories
41
Which of the following was true of women in the five years following the Second World War?
Large numbers left their industrial jobs to make room for
Large numbers were elected to high office because of their contributions
Those working outside the home demanded equality in pay
They contributed to a sudden decline in the birth rate
42
Which of the following most directly contributed to the emergence of Mexican American activism in the 1950s and 1960s?
Passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965
Decreased demand for agricultural labor in the Southwest
Changing immigration policies and patterns
43
The events described in the excerpt contributed most directly to the
passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
desegregation of the armed services
ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
44
A desire for greater security in the United States emerged immediately after the Second World War because of which?
The spread of international communism
The emergence of detente
Oil crisis in the Middle East
Decolonization in Africa and Asia
45
What conclusions about school segregation in 1954 can be drawn from the map above?
Northern states were free of segregation of any kind by 1954.
States with the smallest populations generally supported school segregation
School segregation was a national problem, not confined to one area
46
Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society included all of the following EXCEPT
universal health care program
job training programs
federal funds to improve the nation’s inner-city districts
rent supplements for poor families
47
Which of the following led to increased United States involvement in the war in Vietnam?
Congressional approval of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Hardened resistance by the communists following the Geneva Accords
Failure of the Vietnamization program
News of the My Lai massacre
48
Whyte’s discussion about the “issue of individualism” best supports which of the following situations in the 1950’s
The protests of civil rights activists against segregation
The refusal of some military draftees to serve in the Vietnam War
The rejection of mass culture by some artists and intellectuals
The opposition of a new conservative movement to postwar liberalism
49
poverty rates of the early 1960s depicted in the graph most directly contributed to which of the following
Reformers criticized the persistence of inequality despite the affluence
Religious leaders advocated the Social Gospel to address the economic
Democrats called for increased deregulation of business
Conservatives argued that free trade agreements were harming
50
McCarthy’s accusations in the excerpt best reflect which of the following?
The emergence of détente
Ideological concerns over United States involvement
Anxieties about Soviet influence at home and abroad
Decolonization in Africa and Asia
51
During his presidency, Richard Nixon did which of the following?
Ended American participation in the war in Vietnam.
Intensified conflict between the United States and Japan.
Supported the use of busing to end racial segregation in public schools.
Created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
52
The United States commitment of troops to European countries shown in the graph reflects a foreign policy
seeking confrontation with the Soviet Union
seeking isolation from issues elsewhere in the world
participating in collective security arrangements
restricting all trade with communist nations that belonged to the Warsaw
53
The major objective of the antipoverty programs of Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society was to
provide temporary benefits to the “new poor” during times of recession
build a socialist society in the United States
simplify welfare by replacing job programs with cash grants for the poor
break the cycle of poverty among poor people by education and job training
54
Which of the following developments contributed most directly to the conditions described in the excerpt?
The growth of higher education
The erosion of soil on the Great Plains
The growth of suburban housing on previously undeveloped land
The increase in government regulation of natural resources
55
Which of the following best characterizes the military-industrial complex in the decade following Eisenhower’s speech?
The concerns about the military and industry largely persisted.
popular protests
The military lost significant influence in the federal government.
Private industry lost significant influence with the federal government.
56
A key diplomatic achievement of Richard M. Nixon’s presidency was
a visit to Angola to help the African nation resist communist guerrillas
A visit to china in February 1972
a joint Apollo-Soyuz space mission with the Soviet Union
a nuclear test ban treaty with the Soviet Union
57
The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly reflected
advocacy of states’ right to manage the integration of public schools
divisions among Civil Rights activists over strategies and goals
support for political activism by evangelical Christian churches
58
The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to
create a strong military alliance between the United States
strengthen the Chinese nationalists against the Chinese
finance the economic reconstruction of Western Europe
speed the economic recovery and democratization of Japan
59
The excerpt most strongly highlights which of the following historical issues?
The leadership of Congress in foreign policy
The power of the executive branch during periods of crisis
The impact of a military-industrial complex
60
When the Soviet Union successfully launched the first artificial satellite Sputnik in 1957, Congress responded by
ending diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union
passing the National Defense Education Act
passing Title IX of the Federal Education Amendments
opening talks with China
61
Joseph McCarthy’s investigative tactics found support among many Americans because
both Truman and Eisenhower supported him
he worked closely with the FBI
there was widespread fear of communist infiltration of the United States
evidence substantiated his charges against the army
62
All of the following were crises during Dwight D. Eisenhower’s presidency EXCEPT
Egypt seizing the Suez Canal
Fidel Castro gaining control of Cuba
the Soviet Union blockading river, road, and rail traffic into West Berlin
the Soviet Union shooting down an American U-2 spy plane
63
King’s ideas in the excerpt most directly represent which of the following shifts in thinking among Civil Rights
Growing support for Great Society social programs
Refocusing the agenda on segregation in the South
Deepening concerns about persistence of inequality
64
The announced purpose of the Marshall Plan was to
maintain the United States position as the world’s leading creditor nation
reduce the dependence of the European economy on overseas empires
aid the economic recovery of the war-torn Europe
stabilize world currencies
65
The overall trend in African American migration depicted on the graph most directly contributed to the
expansion of a new interstate highway system throughout the country
fragmentation of culture throughout the United States
White resistance to integrated communities in the North
66
Which of the following best describes the historic situation in the 1960s that prompted the emergence
The United States became increasingly divided
The United States allied with other nations to combat fascism
The United States attempted to reinvigorate its economy
The United States sought to limit the influence of communism
67
A key significance of Churchill’s purpose in the excerpt was that it helped prompt the United States to
restrict the power of labor unions in the United States
provide financial support to democratic nations in Western Europe
promise financial aid to veterans returning from the Second World War
eliminate many earlier barriers to immigration, allowing postwar refugees
68
Michael Harrington’s The Other America most directly inspired support for
Great Society programs
desegregation of public schools
the Social Security and National Labor Relations acts
creation of the Environmental Protection Agency
69
Which of the following factors was most likely responsible for the change in Chicago’s population from 1950
Continued racial discrimination in urban public housing
Migration to the suburbs and surrounding regions
Federal policies discouraging immigration
Decreasing birth rates among city dwellers
70
Richard Nixon’s diplomatic overtures to the People’s Republic of China were motivated in part by his belief that China
was a more legitimate representative of the Chinese people
might form an alliance with South Korea and Japan against the United States
was ready to embrace a capitalist economy and democratic
had become an important global power that could not be ignored
71
Which of the following most likely contributed to the decline of the “political radicalism” referred to in the excerpt?
Racial discrimination in the United States armed forces during the Second
Anticommunist measures during the Cold War
The drafting of young men to fight in Vietnam
Neglect of Black artists and culture during the New Deal
72
Eisenhower’s concerns expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly from the context of the
Vietnam war
First World War
Cold War
Korean War
73
A major consequence of the 1973 Yom Kippur War in the Middle East was that it led immediately to
the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egypt
an energy crisis sparked by OPEC’s embargo of oil to the Western
a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel signed at Camp David
international recognition of an independent country of Israel
74
Kennedy’s strategies expressed in the excerpt have the most in common with which of the following?
Ronald Reagan’s rhetoric about the Soviet Union in the 1980s
Bill Clinton’s advocacy of free trade agreements in the 1990s
Richard Nixon’s strategy of détente with the Soviet Union
Jimmy Carter’s response to the oil crisis in the 1970s
75
The decision guaranteeing the rights of Mexican Americans to serve on juries resulted the following historical processes
The use of court challenges to obtain legal reforms
The utilization of strikes to demand increased compensation
The effort to identify suspected communists in the federal government
76
The opinions expressed in the excerpt are most similar to those of the American Indian Movement in that both groups
believed that the United States should not be involved in foreign wars
argued that the United States had a responsibility to provide compensation
claimed that the United States had a responsibility
asserted that state and local governments should have more power
77
The political climate during McCarthy’s era had the most in common with which of the following?
The attacks on radicals and immigrants following the First World War
The isolationism in United States foreign policy during the 1930s
The efforts to limit immigrants’ political and economic power
78
Which of the following was an achievement of the John F. Kennedy administration?
Extension of diplomatic recognition to the People’s Republic of China
Passage of the Economic Opportunity Bill
Passage of the Alliance for Progress to provide economic aid for Latin
Passage of civil rights legislation
79
The excerpt most directly reflects the United States efforts to
build an international security system
maintain an isolationist position
acquire new territories
gain access to Eastern European markets
80
The initial response of the United Stated to the outbreak of war in Korea was to
request a summit meeting with the Soviet Union
seek collective action against North Korea through the United Nations
seek the cooperation of the People’s Republic of China to end the fighting
encourage Japan to rearm
81
The overall trend from 1960 to 1970 depicted on the graph resulted from all of the following EXCEPT the
development of new consumer products
adoption of digital technologies
continuation of federal investment
growth of corporations
82
Which of the following best explains a limitation of the incentives expressed in the advertisement?
Housing development that were restricted by age
Many families lived in cities
Housing development that created racism
Middle class workers
83
The policies expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to debates in the United States about the
best means to combat communism
response to decolonization
role of the president in setting foreign policy
mass mobilization of civilian resources
84
One significant result of the economic trend described in the excerpt was the
decrease in the number of immigrants seeking entry to the United States
rise of the sexual revolution in the United States
rise of the Sun Belt as a political and economic force
decrease in the number of women in the workforce
85
Which of the following developments is the most direct effect of the situation portrayed in the image?
Reduced public trust in the federal government and the president
Expanded use of military force to achieve foreign policy goals
Increased public opposition to the use of nuclear weapons
Reduced congressional oversight of United States military interventions
86
Which of the following most directly contributed to the developments Eisenhower warned “we must guard against
The increased employment of women in defense manufacturing
The growth of the nuclear arsenal
The internment of Japanese Americans
87
The Vietnam War differed from the Korean War in that the Vietnam War
ended with the collapse of the government that the United States
involved the United States in an indirect confrontation with the Soviet
generated criticism of the government’s military policies
involved United States troops without a formal congressional
88
The Kerner Commission would most likely have attributed the “disorders” mentioned in the excerpt to
urban police forces’ failure to reduce the high crime rates
high levels of unemployment among African Americans
the influence of a delinquent subculture
the failure to pass civil rights legislation
89
A significant demographic development in the two decades following the Second World War was a
great migration from the South and West to the Northeast
movement from urban to rural communities
rapid growth of suburbs
decline in marriage and birth rates
90
Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court ruled that
voting districts had to contain the same number of people
arrested persons must be informed of their rights
school segregation was unconstitutional
91
The rise of what the excerpt describes as “domestic containment” most directly contributed to which
greater cultural homogeneity
Evangelical Protestant churches’ increased political engagement
The popularity of liberal politics
white southern resistence
92
relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union outlined in the excerpt most immediately resulted in which
The establishment of diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic
The fostering of détente with the Soviet Union
The development of more powerful conventional and nuclear
The efforts to overthrow the revolutionary communist government
93
Which of the following best characterizes the goals of Martin Luther King, Jr.?
Federal compensation to Black people for past political and legal injustice
A peaceful integration of the races in all areas of society
A peaceful separation of Black people into powerful economic and political
94
The unanimous Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka stated that segregated schools
the Court could no longer tolerate southern senators’ filibustering
separation of students based solely on race constituted inherently
parallel school systems for White and Black children resulted
Soviet Sputnik satellite made it clear that the segregated public school
95
An important way in which the situation described in the excerpt was significant was that it
highlighted a view of communism as an authoritarian threat
suggested concerns about communist subversion in the United States
encouraged direct military confrontation between the United States
celebrated the Allies’ victory over the Axis powers in the Second World War
96
The rise of what the excerpt describes as “domestic containment” most directly contributed to which of the following?
Greater cultural homogeneity
Racism
White southern resistance to school integration
Evangelical Protestant church’s
97
Which of the following developments was most directly associated with the trend shown in the graph between 1960 and 1965
The increase in federal subsidies for manufacturers
The levying of high tariffs on imported goods
The growth in the number of American farmers
The expansion of the private sector of the economy
98
Progressivism, as described in the excerpt, is most common with which of the following later domesticpolicy initiatives?
Lyndon B. Johnson’s protection of voting rights during the Great Society
President Bill Clinton’s changes to welfare policy
President Ronald Reagan’s deregulation of industries
99
Which of the following factors most directly contributed to the economic trend that Patterson describes?
A surge in the national birthrate
The expansion of voting rights for African Americans
The gradual emergence of détente with the Soviet Union
Challenges to conformity raised by intellectuals and artists
100
Senator Joseph McCarthy’s actions, as described in the excerpt, were most likely interpreted at the time as a reaction
Challenges to New Deal economic policies
Expansion of the size of the military
Perceptions of expanding foreign influence
Creation of the interstate highway system
101
The 1962 book that helped launch the national environmental movement was
James Baldwin’s The Fire Next Time
Alice Walker’s In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens
Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring
102
What did SDS have most in common with the youth counterculture of the 1960s?
A rejection of many of the values of their parents’ generation
A commitment to reforming society through direct political action
A determination to establish gender equality
A desire to remove themselves from mainstream society
103
Which of the following was a major effect of the passage of the Immigration Act of 1965 ?
Immigration from Asia increased significantly.
Immigration from Britain, Ireland, and Germany increased significantly.
The total number of immigrants admitted to the United States had decreased
Immigration from the Soviet Union, Poland, and Italy declined significantly
104
The chart above illustrates the effect of President Richard Nixon’s policy of
détente
appeasement
Vietnamization
escalation
105
Whyte’s concern in the excerpt for “the pressures of the group, the frustrations of individual creativity” best
The expansion of higher education opportunities for war veterans
The investigations of supposed communists in the federal government
The creation of international alliances to oppose Soviet expansion
The emphasis on conformity in suburban communities
106
The excerpt could best be used as evidence by historians studying which of the following?
The emergence of the Soviet Union
The expansion of suburbs
The development of a counterculture movement
The decline of the Red Scare
107
Studies similar to Riis’ were most effective in prompting action by the federal government during the
1980’s
1960’s
1950’s
1990’s
108
Which of the following describes the trend in crude oil imports to the United States between 1970 and 1980
Crude oil imports declined to over 3 billion barrels in 1980.
imports rose rapidly and then declined to about 2 billion barrels in 1980.
Crude oil imports rose steadily to half a billion barrels in 1980.
imports declined rapidly to zero before recovering to 2.5 billion barrels
109
The 1950s picture above shows what some social critics believed to be
the end of social and economic differentiation in housing
a representation of the conformity of postwar culture
tangible evidence of the strength of the nation’s largest cities
the cause of decreased agricultural production
110
Which of the following did the Black Panthers and the Nation of Islam have in common in the late 1960s?
They advocated nonviolent means to achieve their goals.
They emphasized developing a greater sense of Black nationalism
They advocated ending segregation in the North rather than the South.
111
The situation depicted in the cartoon came into existence as a result of the pursuit of which of the following policy
Détente with China and the Soviet Union
Decolonization in Asia
Nuclear supremacy
Containment of communism
112
Which of the following led to the most significant escalation of United States military involvement in Vietnam?
Assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Tet Offensive
Christmas bombing of Hanoi
113
Which of the following statements is correct about the rise of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy to national prominence?
He used the televised Army-McCarthy hearings to his advantage.
He effectively played on the fears of Americans that communists
He received strong support from president Eisenhower.
He was the first Republican to emphasize the dangers of communism
114
Which of the following best describes the historical context that led to the program described in the excerpt?
Challenges to the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights
Anxieties over Soviet spying in the United States
Debates about the wartime draft and registration
Debates about the wartime draft and registration
115
A United States response to the successful orbiting of Sputnik in 1957 was to
increase cooperation with the Soviet Union in space projects
increase NATO forces in Europe
withdraw from arms-limitation talks with the Soviet Union
expand federal aid into education
116
During 1968 the deep divisions within the American public were demonstrated by all of the following EXCEPT
urban riots in major cities across the country
the refusal of most Republicans to support Richard Nixon as their president
the assassinations of Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr.
antiwar demonstrations at the Democratic national convention in Chicago
117
In his farewell address, President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned Americans about the dangers of
the lack of a national health insurance program
presidential candidate Richard M. Nixon
the military-industrial complex
communist subversion of the civil rights movement
118
The quote above was said by
Stokely Carmichael
Marcus Garvey
Martin Luther king Jr
119
Which of the following was a long-term reaction to the actions of the youth addressed in the excerpt?
The rejection of nonviolent tactics by the majority of civil rights groups
The emergence of a conservative backlash against perceived cultural decline
The establishment of organizations to address environmental concerns
120
Kennedy’s views expressed in the excerpt best reflect a foreign policy built around
containment of communism
free trade
arms control negotiations
peacekeeping interventions
121
The New Look military, brinksmanship, and massive retaliation were all instances of
United States strategies employed during the Korean War
plans to win the war in Vietnam using superior technology and manpower
United States threats used to force the Soviet Union
shifts to a more confrontational stance toward the Soviet Union
122
The idea in the advertisement most likely had limited appeal for which of the following groups?
Married homemakers and parents
Rebellious young people uncomfortable with conformity
Managers and professionals
Marketers and salespeople
123
The excerpts best support which of the following arguments about postwar United States foreign policy?
The United States sought to recolonize countries that had gained indep
Fear of Soviet expansion led to greater United States international
Some Americans called for the United States to reduce tensions
Many Americans opposed the creation of new alliances in Europe.
124
Which of the following most directly contributed to the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?
Support for the equality of gays and lesbians
Social inequalities exposed during the Civil Rights movement
Concerns about the declining role of the United States in Western Europe
125
Which of the following was a key difference between the Korean War and the Vietnam War?
The press was more adversarial toward United States policy
United States leaders could more easily argue that communist
The chances of a direct military clash between the United States
Public opposition was more significant for the Vietnam War
126
The ideas expressed in the excerpt are best connected to which of the following broader developments during the period?
Growing support for suburbanization and for having large, nuclear families
A widening political and cultural gap between younger and older generations
Rising influence of evangelical Christian political organizations
127
Someone who favored George Washington’s approach to foreign policy would be most likely to object
Declaration of neutrality at the beginning of the First World War
Participation in international scientific conferences
Selling surplus wheat to the Soviet Union in the 1970s
Membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
128
Betty Friedan’s best-selling book of the 1960s observed that
environmental problems plagued the country
immigrants had access to few social services
many middle-class wives and mothers felt anger and a lack of fulfillment
129
Which of the following is a correct statement about the college-level education in the twentieth-century
The “baby boomers” finished college in large numbers in the 1950’s.
GI Bill financed the education of male students during the post-Second
State universities increased scholarship aid during the Depression.
Private universities raised admission standards during the 1940’s.
130
Which of the following statements about the emergence of rock and roll music as a part of 1950’s popular culture
It adopted many of the big band tunes of the 1940’s.
It was a spin-off from British popular music of the time.
It had little appeal in the South and West.
It relied heavily on Black musical traditions.
131
In contrast to United States policies following the First World War, the United States used its military forces
protect United States borders and make its allies responsible
occupy its former enemies’ territory and help them rebuild
ensure that its allies assumed the lead in postwar decision making
demand the repayment of outstanding debts by its allies
132
Which of the following best describes an interpretation of the overall trend in the graph of United States
United States domestic production of crude oil increased in this period.
United States became more dependent on imports of crude oil in this period.
United States had a consistently increasing supply of crude oil
United States usage of crude oil became more efficient
133
The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following developments during the 1960s?
Efforts to combat racism in the labor movement
New demands for economic rights by Latino Americans
Growing pressure to eliminate racial inequalities in society
Increased conflict over the role of women in society
134
which of the following was Moody most likely to support as the most effective means to challenge racial discriminate
Making moral arguments
Engaging in direct action
Pursuing legal challenges
135
SDS best exemplifies which of the following?
The emergence of radical groups claiming that liberals were doing too li
The success of the Civil Rights movement
The development of new concerns about environmental pollution
The increased influence of conservatives who opposed expansive social
136
Accounts of North Vietnamese torpedo-boat attacks on United States destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin during
Discontinuation of American naval involvement
Withdrawal of all American military advisers
Escalation of the American war effort
Delivery of a formal diplomatic protest to Hanoi
137
Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X shared the view that
violence was a necessary part of the movement for black social change
it was desirable to work for the desegregation of public figures
movement for Black advancement in the untied states part of a global change
138
The rock ‘n’ roll of Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and the Rolling Stones derived primarily from
Scotch-Irish ballads
D) African American rhythm and blues
cowboy songs
European folk music
139
The policy of containment, justified by George Kennan’s 1947 analysis of the international situation, called for
curbing United States foreign investment to limit involvement in world
liberating Eastern Europe form communism
destabilizing the Soviet Union
blocking the expansion of the Soviet Union’s influence
140
Those who shared Powell’s perspective most likely opposed which of the following developments in the United States?
The rise of the military‑industrial complex during the 1950s and the 1960s
An increase in the standard of living in the decades following the Second
Laws limiting the power of labor unions in the 1920s
The creation of social welfare and regulatory agencies under the New Deal
141
The Black Power movement of the late 1960s advocated that African Americans
establish control of their political and economic life
establish African American communities in Africa
seek the racial integration of northeastern cities
142
In 1962, which of the following contributed most directly to a crisis in Soviet-American relations over Cuba?
Cuban attacks on the United States naval base at Guantanamo
The discovery of Soviet missile sites in Cuba
Cuban support for leftist guerilla movements in Latin America
The failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion
143
Which of the following post-1945 developments contributed most strongly to the discomfort that members of SDS felt?
The efforts of Congress to adopt legislation to deal with domestic
The support for collective security through international organizations
The disillusionment with United States domestic values
The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision on school
144
The Supreme Court decision on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka essentially reversed which of the following earlier
Roe v. Wade
Marbury v. Madison
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Plessy v. Ferguson
145
The increased culture of consumerism during the 1950s was most similar to developments in which
1930
1920
1800
1890
146
The events that led to the Kerner Commission report most directly contributed to
the decline of union membership in manufacturing industries
conservative calls for a new emphasis on law and order
women’s demands for equal rights
the emergence of protests against the Vietnam War
147
The ideas expressed in the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following perspectives at the time?
violence us the best means for African Americans to change their status
Economic inequality accounts for the persistence of racial discrimination.
That the primary goal of integration should be rejected as the primary goal
148
The pattern described in the excerpt of Americans who “got married, moved to the suburbs and had babies” contributed to?
Increased migration
Greater concern about the environment
The rise of youth rebellion through the counterculture
Wage stagnation
149
Based on the excerpt, Students for a Democratic Society would most likely support
a decrease in Untied States intervention on Asia
reduced spending for government social programs
greater global economic integration under United States leadership
150
At the time the excerpts were written, Martin Luther King, Jr., disagreed with Malcolm X in that King believed that
confrontation would be an effective means of achieving change
Civil Rights activism has its roots in earlier historical patterns
Most Desirable civil rights activism is equal rights & racial integration
151
The sentiments expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following divisions within the Civil Rights movement?
Optimism among White people in the United States
Growing support among young activists in the Civil Rights movement
Tensions within the federal government
Frustrations among Civil Rights activists that social and political change
152
The Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s successfully eliminated
urban riots
substandard housing
legal segregation
rural poverty
153
Which of the following would have been most likely to express perspectives similar to those of Moody in the excerpt?
Members of the new conservative movement
African American church leaders
American Indian youth activists
154
The support for former Alabama governor George Wallace in the 1968 presidential campaign best illustrates the
growing power of the political Left in American politics
exploitation of race as a national political issue
impact of the economic downturn on the working class
155
A development related to the overall trend from 1960 to 1980 depicted on the graph was the
increase in public concern regarding air and water quality
widespread replacement of male factory workers with female workers
creation of the first trusts and monopolies
ban of free-trade agreements between North American countries
156
In 1960s, Malcolm X challenged the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., in the Civil Rights movement by arguing that
African americans should develop economic ties
African Americans must defned themselves agaisnt racism’s by using violence
court litigation was a more effective strategy
157
The ideas in the excerpt most directly intensified which of the following domestic developments in the 1950s?
Calls for the elimination of racial discrimination
Allegations of communist infiltration of the government
Concerns over a military-industrial complex
Rejection of many established cultural values by the younger generation
158
Major domestic developments in the United States during President Eisenhower’s two terms included all except
the exodus of Black families from the rural South
the dismantling of New Deal welfare programs
a rise in the gross national product (GNP)
the peaking of the postwar baby boom
159
Which of the following examples best supports the Kerner Commission’s argument that two separate societies were emerging
The existence of racial segregation in the military
The arrival of new immigrants from around the world
The emergence of a youth culture
The movement of many families to the suburbs
160
The excerpt could best be used as evidence of which of the following developments in the United States at the time?
Debates over the policies and methods designed to expose suspected com
The government’s unwillingness to negotiate with federal employee
Rising concerns about the large nuclear arsenal and the existence
Widespread domestic opposition to United States involvement
161
The Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka directly contradicted the legal principle established by
Plessy v. Ferguson
Miranda v. Arizona
Schechter v. United States
Dred Scott v. Sanford
162
The United States involvement in Vietnam increased dramatically in the 1950s with the withdrawal of the
British
French
Japanese
Soviets
163
The Civil Rights movement of the late 1960s was characterized by which of the following?
The establishment of the Back to Africa movement
Widespread support by southern Whites which initially resisted the movement
a split between non violence and those who favor violence to achieve rights
164
Which of the following statements would best describe the point being made in the Richard Nixon‘s administration
Nixon wanted more Black votes in order to move forward in civil rights
Nixon supported busing as a means to integration.
Nixon was reversing progress toward integration made in the 1960s.
165
In response to the situation depicted in the map, most civil rights leaders in the 1960s did which of the following?
Adopted a militant platform centered on separatism and Black Power
Focused their direct activism in the North and the Upper South
urged stronger protections for civil rights
166
During the 1960s, sit-in demonstrations were first effectively used by
Students working with SNCC and the NAACP
Huey newton and the black panthers
Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam
167
The central point of the 1960s cartoon above was that
protesters were successfully challenging the goals of Lyndon B
Vietnam War improved Lyndon B. Johnson’s hopes for reelection
Vietnam War limited the President’s ability to carry out domestic programs
public was more interested in foreign policy than in domestic
168
The image most closely reflects which of the following developments in the political climate in the United States?
A renewed public commitment to the containment of communism
A growing public debate over the merits and rationale
Declining public support for fighting communism
A growing public realization that the United State
169
Kent State University was the site in 1970 of which of the following events?
Anti war demonstration where 4 students were killed by the national guard
a Highly publicized women’s right activist
rock concert second only to the Woodstock concert in the number of people
170
The ideas expressed in the memo were most consistent with which of the following foreign policy beliefs after 1945 ?
Collective security alliances provided the best means
movement would help balance out the communist nations
United States should unilaterally support postwar decolonization movements.
economy led by the United States would help stabilize the international
171
The advertisement best provides evidence for which of the following developments in the 1950s?
The rejection by some artists and intellectuals of mass culture
The spread of fear of communist infiltration of the federal government
The increase in homogeneity in postwar society
The efforts by civil rights activists to oppose segregation
172
Which of the following resulted most directly from the ideas expressed in the excerpt?
Federal funding from urban social programs to the Vietnam war
Opposistion of Activist to political leaders who like the status quo
political and cultural debates over change in american family structures
173
The cartoon was primarily a response to the
growing debate over the Vietnam War
expanding opposition to the Korean War
increasing popularity of isolationism among United States policy makers
174
In the decade following the Second World War, the Supreme Court decision that had the most widespread
The federal government’s powers of taxation
Congressional reappointment
Immigration policy
The rights of minority groups
175
The perspectives expressed in the public service announcements suggest that popular interest in environmental issues as
the heightened crisis caused by price inflation and a stagnant economy
a greater awareness of the impacts of abuses of natural resources
growing concerns about population pressures in major industrial cities
176
The decade after the Second World War was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
a population explosion known as the “baby boom”
widespread student opposition to the development of nuclear weaponry
rapid and extensive suburbanization
unprecedented prosperity
177
Which of the following developments best explains the passage of the excerpted law?
AA leaders criticized the use of violence inflected on peaceful civil right
Deepened United States military in Vietnam without a declaration of war.
Objected the measures used by presidents to use the desecragtion of schools
178
1950 a major factor in President Harry Truman’s commitment of American troops to combat North Korean
force Congress to appropriate more money for the armed service
preserve South Korea’s markets for United States exports
direct the focus of American postwar foreign policy away from Europe
overcome the stigma that the Democratic party had “lost” China to communism
179
In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan argued that women
have special talents different than men
experienced different between the reality and the public idea of their live
should battle for ratification of the equal rights amendment
180
The Immigration Act of 1965 shared a common goal with which of the following other government policies at the time?
Supporting the suburbanization of America
Preventing communist infiltration of the United States
Recruiting new factory laborers to encourage industrialization
Expanding protections for African Americans
181
Which of the following developments was most directly associated with the general trend depicted in the graph
The increase in migration to the United States after immigration reform
The passage of new government programs through the Great Society
The growth in jobs in the military during the Vietnam War
creation of new social networks through digital technological
182
In the 1950s, the activities of workers such as those depicted in the image would be most challenged by
a culture of conformity that emphasized domestic ideals for women
the rise of a second-wave feminist movement in the United States
an increased need for dual incomes in suburban middle-class families
183
The tactics described in the excerpt best represent which of the following?
Filing legal challenges
Using nonviolence
Petitioning government officials
Learning self-defense
184
graph above, the largest decrease in the percent of Americans living below the poverty line accompanied federal policy
the great society
welfare from work
the fair deal
The New Deal
185
Malcolm X’s statement suggests that he strongly agreed with
the youth counterculture
conservation movements
the sexual revolution
Radical leftist movements
186
reason for the formation of the Dixiecrat party in 1948 was the opposition of dissident Democrats to President T
support for the Taft-Hartley Act
proposal for civil rights legislation
Created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency
187
Which of the following is true of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
It was a statement of American policy that followed the Tet offensive.
It allowed the President to deploy combat troops in South Vietnam.
It ended the Vietnam War.
188
Which of the following explains the context for United States economic development between 1950 and the early 1970s?
Companies imported valuable commodities
Low unemployment encouraged American optimism
Credit and stock markets became unstable because of overspeculation.
A powerful conservative movement halted federal economic
189
Betty Friedan is best known for
Critisim of traditional gender roles
opposition to the war in Vietnam
support for early childhood education
190
Most African Americans in the United States military served in segregated units until the
deployment of troops to the Philippines during the Spanish-American War
enactment of military reforms after the Second World War
signing of the Treaty of Versailles after the First World War
passage of isolationist laws during the Great Depression
191
Which of the following best describes a difference between Eisenhower’s and Kennedy’s arguments in the excerpts?
Kennedy asserted that overseas allies were dispensable
Eisenhower believed that the United States should invade communist coun
Eisenhower claimed that communism posed no threat to the United States
Kennedy called for an increase in spending on national defense
192
The image most directly illustrates a United States foreign policy that emphasized
containing communism in Eastern Europe
placing greater importance on human rights
stopping the spread of communism in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East
supporting the Non-Aligned Movement among Middle Eastern
193
“yet to engage in a direct-action campaign that was ‘well timed,’” Martin Luther King, Jr., was likely arguing against
White Americans who wanted African Americans to be more wise of their right
African American activists who asserted that King’s tactics took too long
194
In her influential 1962 work Silent Spring, Rachel Carson warned
that many cars built in the United States were unsafe
about noise pollution
about the dangerous impact of pesticides
195
Which of the following later movements held ideas closest to those expressed by Garvey in the excerpt?
To desecragate schools in brown Vrs board
Malcolm X’s Black nationalism emphasizing racial pride And self-sufficiency
MLK’s efforts to win equal rights
196
What of the following long-term developments in the 20th century most influenced the passage of immigration laws in 1965
the increase in nativism sentiment against the arrival of immigrants
the growth of isolation in response to internal tensions
The increase in hate to hiring foreign workers during an economic downturn
pressure to remove discrimination
197
Which of the following United States actions most directly resulted from the goals expressed in the excerpt?
Passage of new immigration laws
Investigations to find communist subversives in government jobs
Application of federal power to try to end poverty
Intervention in the conflict in Korea
198
The National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded in 1966 in order to
advocate equal access for women to athletic facilities
challenge sex discrimination in the workplace
oppose the proposed Equal Rights Amendment
199
The events described by Moody in the second paragraph are most directly an example of the
passage of major civil rights laws
continued White resistance to African American civil rights
deaths of nationally prominent African American leaders
200
Opponents of the program described in the excerpt most often argued that it
posed a serious threat to civil liberties
would increase membership in the Communist Party
exposed the lack of federal protections for workers
discouraged participation in the Civil Rights movement

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