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ESS Final Exam
ESS Final Exam
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Answers
1
A lowering of global temperatures caused by dust blocking solar radiation can be triggered by...
El niño.
hurricanes.
blizzards.
volcanic eruptions.
2
tectonic plates interact at places called plate ___________________.
regions
reversals
subductions
boundaries
3
Early mapmakers thought continents might have moved based on their observations of
matching coastlines
magnetism
rock and fossil evidence
earthquakes and floods
4
Places where tectonic plates move apart are called...
subduction zones
transform boundries
convergent boundries
divergent boundries
5
As water vapor rises in the atmosphere, it cools and changes into liquid cloud droplets in a process called
Precipitation
Condensation
Evaporation
Vaporization
6
The Richter scale is a numerical scale used to describe an earthquake's
amplitude
probability
magnitude
intensity
7
The atmosphere is composed mostly of helium and oxygen, with traces of other gases such as carbon dioxide and water
True
False
8
Natural heating of Earth’s surface caused by certain atmospheric gases
carbon dioxide
The sun
Greenhouse effect
Global warming
9
most volcanoes form along
North American mountain ranges
islands in the Pacific Ocean
the coast of America
boundaries of Earth's plates
10
The constant movement of water between the atmosphere and Earth's surface is
the water cycle.
cloud formation.
precipitation.
temperature inversion.
11
Water vapor in the atmosphere is the source of
carbon dioxide
wind
clouds and rain
pollution
12
Condensation nuclei are particles of atmospheric dust around which
cloud droplets form
evaporation occurs
winds form
ozone collects
13
A landslide that occurs on steep slopes in mountainous areas with thick snow is called a(n)
rockslide
avalanche
mudflow
slump
14
Contains concentrated ozone
stratosphere
thermosphere
mesosphere
troposphere
15
slow, steady downhill movement of loose, weathered Earth materials
mudflow
creep
landslide
16
The stratosphere is important because it contains nitrogen, which blocks harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
False
True
17
Scientists agree that an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide leads to an increase in Earth’s absorption of
solar radiation
volcanic ash
gamma rays
water vapor
18
Which resource can be replaced at a sustainable rate?
gold
iron
wheat
diamonds
19
The troposphere is the layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth’s surface. Which of these can you find there?
a shooting star
the ionosphere
clouds and rain
extremely high temperatures
20
The magnetic patterns on either side of a deep-sea trench are mirror images of each other.
False
True
21
Pangaea was an ancient supercontinent made up of ______.
Antarctica, India, and South America.
the United States, Greenland, and Europe.
all of Earth’s continents.
South Africa, India, Australia, and South America.
22
Natural resources are evenly distributed on Earth.
True
False
23
rapid downslope movement of a mass of loose sediment
creep
mudflow
landslide
24
To support his hypothesis of continental drift, Alfred Wegener did NOT use ______________.
magnetic field data
data on ancient reptiles and ferns
ancient climatic evidence
evidence from rock formations
25
Most scientists at the time rejected Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift because he
had collected little evidence to support his hypothesis.
insisted that Earth's axis of rotation had changed.
couldn't explain how or why the continents moved.
would not state his hypothesis publicly.
26
rapidly flowing, often destructive mixtures of mud and water
creep
landslide
mudflow
27
How is climate different from weather?
Weather is easier to predict
Climate describes only the average weather
Weather is more variable
Climate describes the long-term weather patterns
28
The process of water changing from a liquid to a gas is:
transpiration
precipitation
evaporation
condensation
29
Most of Earth's atmosphere is composed of
carbon
nitrogen
krypton
oxygen
30
Ozone in Earth’s atmosphere is important because it
causes rain to fall
absorbs harmful radiation
absorbs harmful pollution
helps clouds form
31
Between mesosphere and exosphere
mesosphere
troposphere
thermosphere
stratosphere
32
Which is NOT one of the four main layers of the atmosphere?
troposphere
lithosphere
mesosphere
thermosphere
33
At which tectonic plate boundary do plates slide horizontally past each other?
divergent boundary
continental-continental boundary
oceanic-oceanic boundary
transform boundary
34
The amount of damage done to structures by an earthquake is the earthquake’s
seismic gap
probability
amplitude
intensity
35
A rise in global temperatures
Global warming
Greenhouse effect
The sun
carbon dioxide
36
The climatic zone that receives the least solar radiation and has the coldest climate is the
equatorial zone
temperate zone
polar zone
tropical zone
37
Almost all weather, clouds, and storms occur in which layer of the atmosphere?
troposphere
stratosphere
thermosphere
mesosphere
