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MEMORY
Emotions affect learning, memory, and recall
What is iconic memory?
MEMORY
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1
What is iconic memory?
Auditory sensory memory
Visual short term memory
Where information is held while it is conscious
Memory about facts or general knowledge
2
Emotions affect learning, memory, and recall
True
False
3
Echoic memory refers to
a vivid memory of an emotionally significant event
automatic retention of incidental information
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
the encoded meanings of words & events in long-term memory
4
The two most sensitive tests of memory are
recognition and digit span
recall and relearning
recognition and relearning
recall and reintergration
5
the stages of memory processes
analyzing, storing, retrieval
encoding, storage, retrieval
retrieving, analyzing
encoding, saving
6
What process comes first in the multistore model of memory?
Sensory memory(SM)
Long-term memory(LTM)
Short-term memory(STM)
Maintenance rehearsal
7
Loss of memory due to the passage of time, during which the memory trace is not used
Memory Trace
Memory Decay
Cherry 7 Market Projection
Memory Ace
8
What is dissociative amnesia?
Complete or partial loss of ability to recall personal info and experiences
The ability to recall things quickly and efficiently.
Complete loss of memory of one's entire identity
Momentary loss of personal information
9
What is the difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?
Long-term: storage area able to hold vast amounts of info
Short-term: limited storage area holds 7 to 12 piece of info
None of the above
All of the above
10
'Working Memory' is also known as?
sensory memory
long term memory
short term memory
11
What are mood-congruent memories?
Memories that reflect the current state of consciousness.
Retrieved memories that match a person's current mood.
Memories w/ false details of real life events.
Strong memories from an event’s importance & context.
12
when does memory start
1 year
4 years
3 years
2 years
13
Working memory is stored mostly in the...
prefrontal cortex
temporal and occipital lobe
hippocampus
amygdala
14
Why are memory devices important?
Work for all types of people when studying
Helps you remember key points & details
Help you study
All of the above
15
Which of the following best describes
hindsight bias?
Tendency to believe you know everything
Tendency to believe everyone shares the same opinions as you
Saying you knew an outcome before that outcome has occurred
Saying you knew an outcome after that outcome has occurred
16
Type of memory that uses automatic processing.
Eidectic
Explicit
Implicit
Declarative
17
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
18
An implicit memory is...
A very vivid life-like memory
A memory of a procedure
A memory of a past event
A memory that one is not completely conscious of
19
Anne has amnesia that cause her to forget new info, this is
Alzheimer's disease
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
20
What is recall?
Saying material repeatedly to commit it to memory
Chucking long numbers into parts
Retrieval in which we "pull out" information from memory
Memory that involves identifying stored information
21
What is the 'Encoding Specificity Principle' (Tulving, 1983)?
No cues are necessary
Once something is learned, then it is always there
A cue should be present at the encoding and retrieval stage
22
Key features of Episodic memory
Time stamped, 1 element, concious recall required
Time stamped, Multiple elements, Conscious recall required
Conscious recall not required, Multiple elements, Time stamped
Memory of events, not time stamped, requires conscious recall
23
Distributed practice is beneficial for cognitive performers because?
It allows time for feedback to be given
It allows them to build up various schema
It allows them to fine-tune a skill
It allows them to go get a cup of tea
24
What is retrograde amnesia?
when you can't remember the first few years of life
loss of memory from the point of some injury
Memory for anything new becomes impossible
when you're able to remember info, not where you learned it
25
Episodic memory is...
Long-term memory of how to do things
Memory of Doctor Who episodes
Long-term memory of knowledge
Long-term memory of personal events
26
What lobe is associated with hearing, language and facial recognition?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
27
Loss of an encoded memory as a result of gradual fading of physical memory trace illustrates
interference
storage decay
the misinformation effect
repression
28
The forgetting curve shows that...
we forget slowly at first, but forgetting then speeds up.
there is no pattern in the rate of forgetting.
forgetting occurs at a constant rate.
we forget rapidly at first, but forgetting slows thereafter.
29
Putting information into groups to make it easier to recall is
organizing
chunking
encoding
storage
30
flashbulb memory
Processing information into the memory system
The mental activities associated with thinking and knowing
process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior
Memory that is highly detailed, exceptionally vivid snapshot
31
What is a memory trace?
The combined connections between neurons
When one memory follows another
An outline of a memory
32
The serial position effect
Shows recall is best form the start of a list
Shows recall is best in the middle of a list
Shows recall is best at the end of a list
Shows the position of information has no affect on recall
33
Confirmation Bias refers to
tendency to look only for info that supports belief
tendency to remember only info that supports belief
tendency to remember only info that negates belief
tendency to look only for info that negates belief
34
The primacy effect of the serial position effect suggests that
Short-term memory has a limited duration
Material that is rehearsed can stay in STM indefinitely
Material that is rehearsed can pass into long-term memory
Long term memory has a limited duration
35
Semantic Memory:
Word, Places, & Facts
Word, Facts, & Place
Places, Facts, & Word
Facts, Word, & Places
36
The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to
exaggerate their ability to predict an outcome
dismiss the value of replication
assume the correlation provides causation
reject any idea that cannot be scientifically tested
37
The misinformation effect is when...
I don't remember.
a memory we think is ours, is actually not.
false information changes the way we reconstruct a memory.
Reconstructed memories are often accurate.
38
The Multi-Store Model contains . . .
attention, rehearsal, retrieval
fast memory, retrieval, recall
short-term, long-term, and sensory memory
sensory memory
39
New learning interrupting recall of old information
Proactive Interference
Retroactive interference
40
Part of the brain primarily involved with memory
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Corpus callosum
41
How is the Distributed Practice Method used?
It's used for when you need to spread out your study in a planned schedule.
It's used for when you are learning something, virtually.
42
A reconstructed memory is..
A memory with misinformation
A made-up memory
A un-repressed memory
A memory suddenly remembered
43
What Is The Heart Of Misinformation Spread?
Social Media
Newspapers
Unreliable Information
Books
44
What is memory?
Silently repeating or mentally reviewing information to store
A series of active systems that store, organize, and recover information
Converting information into a form to be retained
and problem solving
45
According the the Recency Effect...
It will be difficult to recall items at the end of a list
It will be easier to remember items at the top of a list
It will be difficult to remember items at the beginning
It will be easy to remember items at the end of the list
46
How is recall different from recognition?
Recall: retrieve information; Recognition: identify answer.
Recall: identify answer; Recognition: retrieve information.
Recall: short-term memory; Recognition: long-term memory.
There is no difference.
47
What brain structures are involved with memory
Auditory cortex
Amygdala and Hippocampus
Visual cortex
Somatosensory cortex
48
explicit memory is
run by the hypothalamus
run by the cerebellum
learn how to do something
memory of facts and experiences that one consciously knows
49
eidetic memory
Photographic Memory
the retention of encoded information over time
Memory of one's personal experiences
memorization by repetition
50
Why are "questions" so effective for learning?
They prepare our short-term memory for memorization.
They naturally make connections to long-term memory.
Because there are more questions in life than answers.
No one really knows why.
