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Earth & Space Chapter 1 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Earth & Space Chapter 1 Review
Earth & Space Chapter 1 Review
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1
What term means how tightly packed matter is?
volume
compound
mass
density
2
What factor is changed when testing a hypothesis?
independent variable
experimental variable
dependent variable
controlled variable
3
What number on the pH scale means the substance is basic?
6
5
7
8
4
What term describes the following sentence, "If I study enough, I will pass my test."
post hoc fallacy
hypothetical proposition
all of the above
inductive reasoning
5
In what type of soil do plants grow best?
neutral to slightly basic
neutral
neutral to slightly acidic
it doesn't affect plants
6
What is the top 5 - 15 cm of soil called?
horizon
Topsoil
subsoil
bedrock
7
What is the process of speculating about objects or events and formulating a sensible explanation?
observing
experimenting
sciencing
hypothesizing
8
What type of reasoning is used to make a hypothesis?
deductive reasoning
intuitive reasoning
reasonable reasoning
inductive reasoning
9
Which of the following element contributes most to a plant's general health?
helium
nitrogen
phosphorus
potassium
10
What step of the engineering design process needs to be done before choosing a design and making a detailed plan?
research and development
building and testing a prototype
improve the design
analyzing the prototype
11
What are factors that remain the same in an experiment?
controlled variables
experimental variables
dependent variables
independent variables
12
What type of bacteria converts nitrates back into atmospheric nitrogen?
nitroatmospheric bacteria
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
nitrifying bacteria
denitrifying bacteria
13
What is the compound of nitrogen and hydrogen that is created by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and decaying animals?
phosphate
nitrate
potash
ammonia
14
What term means atoms linked together in a group?
element
compound
molecule
atom
15
What is the use of science to solve practical problems?
ecology
pedology
technology
anthropology
16
What is the study of matter?
science
astronomy
biology
matterology
17
In a hypothetical proposition, what is the "then" statement called?
antecedent
consequent
statement
18
What do chemists use to express the degree of acidity or basicity?
Acid-base scale
Richter scale
pH scale
Mercalli scale
19
What is the term for a substance containing two or more types of atoms bonded together?
atoms
compound
molecule
phosphate
20
What is reasoning from specific evidence to a more general conclusion?
deductive reasoning
intuitive reasoning
reasonable reasoning
inductive reasoning
21
What term means a substance composed of only one type of atom?
element
molecule
density
compound
22
What is anything that provides a partial representation of something else?
prototype
echocardiograph
model
hologram
23
What is a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence?
theory
deduction
hypothesis
inference
24
What is a model of design used for testing?
prototype
criteria
model
diorama
25
What soil layer contains more mineral material than organic material?
bedrock
topsoil
subsoil
clay horizon
26
Which of the following elements is necessary for cell division, growth, and plant maturation?
potassium
oxygen
nitrogen
phosphorus
27
What term is used when incorrectly believing an action always causes what happens next?
ad hominem fallacy
circular reasoning fallacy
false dichotomy fallacy
post hoc fallacy
28
What is the ultimate purpose of inductive reasoning?
to make predictions
to determine cause and effect
to develop conclusions
to identify differences
29
What factor is changed when testing a hypothesis?
controlled variable
dependent variable
experimental variable
independent variable
30
What are the minimum characteristics a design needs to function?
criteria
prerequisites
prototype
constraint
31
What term means nourishing substance.
nutrients
food
vitamins
nectar
32
What is the upward movement of water through a tiny space in response to surface tension?
osmosis
capillarity
diffusion
straw action
33
What is the upper surface of groundwater?
aquifer
artesian well
water table
top water
34
What is the ability of a hypothesis to be proven false?
proveability
falsification
falsifiability
disapproval
35
If you were to re-do one of your experiments trying to keep factors as similar as possible, your experiment has what?
reproducibility
remainability
reflectability
repeatability
36
Which of the three main components of the scientific method involves gathering data in an orderly way?
experimenting
theorizing
observing
hypothesizing
37
What term is applied to bedrock and means water cannot pass through?
impervious
saturated
super-solid
impermeable
38
What is the term for soil material derived from living organisms?
mineral material
decayed material
organic material
fertilizer material
39
Which of the following affects soil color?
degree of acidity or basicity
amount of primary plant food elements
amount of organic material
size of pore spaces in soil
40
What soil material has the most tightly packed particles?
sand
soil
humus
clay
41
What term refers to the three basic soil substances plants need to live?
Important Plant Nutrients
Basic Elements for Botany
Primary Plant Food Elements
Necessary Compounds for Plants
42
What do pedologists use to provide standard names and descriptions of color for soil?
Pedologist Color Wheel
Home Depot paint chips
pH scale
Munsell chart
43
What term means explaining an object or event by using a set of facts?
theory
law
hypothesis
deduction
44
What form of inductive reasoning involves comparing two situations when one factor is different between groups?
method of difference
differential reasoning
method of reasoning
experimental reasoning
45
What is the term for the amount of matter in an object?
mass
volume
density
weight
46
What do logicians call a statement of fact?
proposition
inference
theory
law
47
What is the substance of the physical world?
energy
elements
science
matter
48
What is the term for "water below the soil's surface"?
groundwater
subsoil
water table
aquifer
49
What is a statement of fact that can be used to make a conclusion?
antecedent
hypothesis
proposition
consequent
50
What is a layer of either porous rock or gravel-soil mixture that holds water?
artesian well
aquafina
water table
aquifer
51
What type of soil allows the most air and water into itself?
silty
sandy
clayey
dirty