Which is a true statement about continuous enteral feedings?

They require a pump and other equipment to administer

In terms of mixed acid-base disorders, which of the following is not possible?

respiratory alkalosis and respiratory acidosis

What is the difference between screening and assessment?

screening can be done by anyone; assessment is done by RDNs

Pickwickian syndrome is a characterized by

morbid obesity, breathing problems, & myasthenia gravis

pH 7.31, pCO2 55 mm Hg, HCO3- 28mEq/L

uncompensated respiratory acidosis

The nutrition monitoring and evaluation process of the NCP involves

selecting appropriate indicators and measures

Customer focus, integrity, innovation, social responsibility, and diversity are all considered

Core values adhered to by the Code of Ethics

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MNT Midterm

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Answers

1
Which buffer system is the primary ECF buffer against non-carbonic acid changes?
bicarbonate-carbonic acid
phosphate
protein
hemoglobin
2
Withdrawl of alcohol from an individual with chronic alcoholism could be the cause of
hypocalcemia
hypomagnesemia
hypercalcemia
hypermagnesemia
3
SIADH (too much vasopressin) or lithium supplements are two possible causes of ____
hypervolemia
hypovolemia
hyponatremia
hypernatremia
4
Which of the following are physiological regulations of fluids and electrolytes
renal function
sodium regulation
all of the above
thrist mechanism
5
Which is a true statement about continuous enteral feedings?
They are administered daily for 30 minutes
They require a pump and other equipment to administer
They are usually more time consuming for staff to administer
all are true
6
Which of the following medical conditions will require a lower range of protein intake?
acute kidney injury
bone marrow transplant
burns
trauma
7
What are the normal ABG values for HCO3?
20-25
24-28
32-38
26-30
8
If the pH is below 7.35, the patient is in
acidosis
alkalosis
9
The first step in determining the enternal nutrition prescription is to
consider electrolyte needs
determine a kcal goal
determine fluid needs
establish a dosing weight
10
Enteral nutrition refers to delivery of nutrients distal to the oral cavity of the GI tract via
catheter
tube
any of these options
stoma
11
Asthma or anxiety can be a cause of ______
metabolic acidosis
respiratory acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic alkalosis
12
In terms of mixed acid-base disorders, which of the following is not possible?
respiratory alkalosis and respiratory acidosis
metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis
metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis
metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis
13
The focus of the Code is on:
monitoring and enforcement
legal issues concerning protection of the public
detection and punishment
education and remediation
14
Which example is not considered to be a contraindication to enteral feeding?
GI bleeding
diffuse peritonitis
intestinal obstruction
impaired swallowing
15
Nutrition and dietetics practioners are obliged to contribute to the advancement of students
false
true
16
Nutrition & dietetics practioners are encouraged to participate in research
false
true
17
Can RDNs perform an initial swallowing screening on clients in the hospital they are employed?
No
Yes
18
Diarrhea is the most common cause of _____
respiratory acidosis
metabolic alkalosis
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
19
The minimum amount of carbohydrate intake parenteral nutrition as specified by the DRI is:
130 g/day
150 g/day
60 g/day
100 g/day
20
Pickwickian syndrome is a common cause of ______
respiratory acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
21
What is the minimum obligatory urine?
300 mL/day
200 mL/day
500 mL/day
700 mL/day
22
What is the difference between screening and assessment?
screening can be done by anyone; assessment is done by RDNs
screening is a morning activity and assessment is evening
screening is a much longer process than assessment
screening is a part of the NCP and assessment is not
23
Symptoms of metabolic acidosis may include changes in respiration, such as _______
Osmosis breathing
Kussmaul breathing
deep spontaneous gasps
forgetting to breathe
24
What is the difference between volatile acids (VAs) and nonvolatile acids (NVAs)?
A&B
VAs can be eliminated by lungs and NVAs can't
VAs can be converted into bases and NVAs cannot be
VAs can be in the gaseous form and NVAs can't be
25
What is the CHO sugar in TPN?
glucose (3.4g/kcal)
glucose (4g/kcal)
dentrose (3.6g/kcal)
dextrose (3.4g/kcal)
26
What is institial fluid?
fluid secretions
fluid in the blood
fluid that surrounds the cells
27
Which of the following does not cause a disorder of fluid balance
change in fluid volume
change in buoyancy of fluid
change in concentration of fluid
change in fluid composition
28
Changes in plasma sodium levels effect:
muscle weakness
blood pressure
eye sight
none of the above
29
A decrease in urinary output as seen in someone with an AKI may be a cause of ____
hypervolemia
hyponatremia
hypernatremia
hypovolemia
30
Pickwickian syndrome is a characterized by
morbid obesity, breathing problems, & myasthenia gravis
anoxeria, breathing problems & respiratory alkalosis
liverdisease, blood circulation problems&respiratoryacidosis
morbid obesity, breathing problems, & respiratory alkalosis
31
Abnormal vitamin D metabolism from chronic renal failure could be a cause of
hypokalemia
hypocalcemia
hypercalcemia
hyperkalemia
32
What is another name for blood pressure?
osmotic pressure
hydrostatic pressure
interstitial cellular pressure
33
What is the normal blood pH?
7.3-7.4
7.35-7.45
7-7.5
7
34
MNT is the evidence-based application of the ______
NUTRITION
!!
CARE
PROCESS
35
The usual nutrient density of enteral formulas range between:
1.0-2.0 kcal/mL
0.5-1.0 kcal/mL
0.5-3.0 kcal/mL
2.0-2.5 kcal/mL
36
What is the best overall treatment for alkalosis or acidosis?
UNDERLYING
THE
TREAT
CAUSE
37
Email is an acceptable way for RDNs to communicate an upcoming appointment with a client
true
false
38
pH 7.31, pCO2 55 mm Hg, HCO3- 28mEq/L
compensated respiratory alkalosis
uncompensated respiratory acidosis
uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
compensated metabolic acidosis
39
The ____ role in controlling H+ and HCO3- is a critical component of pH homeostasis
small intestine's
extra cellular fluid's
carbon dioxide's
kidney's
40
Prolonged vomiting is a common cause of __________
respiratory alkalosis
respiratory acidosis
metabolic alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
41
The nutrition monitoring and evaluation process of the NCP involves
setting and prioritizing goals
selecting appropriate indicators and measures
finding relationships among data & possible causes
stating the problem clearly
42
Lactated Ringer's is the most common _____ solution
isotonic
hypotonic
hypertonic
43
Respiratory diseases result in the inability to maintain adequate oxgengation or release of
carbon dioxide
hydrogen
anions
water
44
How is MNT cost effective?
it decreases hospital stay
it plays a direc role in recovery
all of the above
it's an alternative to costly therapies
45
If CO2 levels are in direct relationship with the pH, the alkalosis/acidosis is:
respiratory
metabolic
46
Customer focus, integrity, innovation, social responsibility, and diversity are all considered
Ethical standards of the Code of Ethics
Core values adhered to by the Code of Ethics
Core ethical principles of the Code of Ethics
Foundational components of the Code of Ethics
47
Edema might be a clinical manifestation of ______
hyponatremia
hypernatremia
hypervolemia
hypovolemia
48
Hypoventilation is a common cause of ______
metabolic alkalosis
respiratory alkalosis
respiratory acidosis
metabolic acidosis
49
Which of the following are practice areas of dietitians?
marketing/sales
all of the above
eating disorder recovery
diabetes education
50
What is the most common electrolyte imbalance (experienced by 30-45% of hospital patients)?
hypovolemia
hypernatremia
hyponatremia
hypervolemia
51
Social & cultural food preferences that impact food consumption are called
lifestyle factors
food and nutrient factors
environmental factors
biological factors
52
Which of the following actions is appropriate to prevent a clogged feeding tube?
use a small volume syringe and add air into the tube
slow feeding to run at 1/2 normal rate for one hour a day
flush the tube with 25 mL of tap water several times a day
reinsert stylet that was used during tube replacement
53
What is the average fluid requirement for adults?
25-35 mL/kcal
20-25 mL/kcal
30-35 mL/kcal
25-30 mL/kcal
54
Excessive ___ in PN may contribute to hyperglycemia, hepatic steatosis and excessive CO2
proteins
fats
carbs
55
Issues related to health disparities are not covered by the Code of Ethics
false
true
56
Ensures a patient has the capacity to engage in individual decisionmaking specific to them
non-maleficence
justice
autonomy
beneficence
57
Adding a hypertonic solution in the blood causes
cellular dehydration
cellular swelling
58
What are the Standards of Practice for RDNs?
safe and effective nutrition education
assessment, diagnosis, intervention, monitoring,evaluation
disease prevention and overall wellness
quality practice, service, research, + communication
59
Which is not correct?
Any member or non-member can submit a complaint
A made complaint is forwarded to the member for a response
The Ethics Committee reviews each complaint
Complaints can be anonymous
60
Attitudes, knowledge, & behaviors that influence an individual's food choices are called
biological factors
lifestyle factors
food and nutrient factors
environmental factors
61
Which element is not added routinely to standard parential nutrition formulas?
iron
zinc
selenium
copper
62
Assessing whether a client has any difficulty swallowing is the job of
nurse
respiratory therapist
pharmacist
SLP
63
A lipid-based durg that is often administered to a critically ill patient is
hydrosol
hepatosol
amines
propofol
64
Which of the following is NOT true regarding respiratory vs renal buffering systems?
Renal regulates non-volatile acids
All of these are true
Respiratory regulates volatile acids
Respiratory buffering is much slower than renal buffering
65
pH 7.48, pCO2 25 mm Hg, HCO3- 20 mEq/L
compensated metabolic acidosis
uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
compensated respiratory alkalosis
uncompensated respiratory acidosis
66
Hyperventiliation is a common cause of ______
respiratory acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
metabolic alkalosis
67
What are the normal ABG values for pCO2?
25-30
30-35
35-45
20-30
68
Extreme thirst and high serum sodium levels are indicators of ____
hypervolemia
hypovolemia
hyponatremia
hypernatremia
69
Which of the following occurs because of excessive carb intake through PN formulas
hepatitis
hepatic steatosis
hypolipidemia
hypoglycemia
70
Sleep apneia or an overdose of sedative drugs could be a cause of
respiratory acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
metabolic alkalosis
71
In which clinical condition would parenteral nutrition most likely be indicated?
short bowel syndrome
hyperkalemia
increased oral fluid intake
cardiovascular disease
72
Normal serum potassium levels are
>7.45
280-290 mEq/L
134-145 mEq/L
3.5-5.5 mEq/L
73
If CO2 levels are in indirect relationship with the pH, the alkalosis/acidosis is:
metabolic
respiratory
74
The parathyroid hormone
all of the above
decreases Ca excretion in the urin
increases phosphorus excretion in urine
stimulates activation of vitamin D
75
Which of the following statements in not correct about the Academy/CDR Code of Ethics?
It is enforceable
It pertains to credentialed practitioners
It pertains to organizations
It does not apply to business disputes
76
Which of the following is true about fluid compartments in the body?
ICF is 2/3 of the total fluid and ECF is 1/3
ICF is 1/2 and ECF is 1/2
ICF is 2/3 of the fluid, ECF is 1/6, & electrolytes are 1/6
ECF is 2/3 of the total fluid and ICF is 1/3
77
Assisting a client in her recovery process is the job of
occupational therapist
social worker
pharmacist
nurse
78
The purpose of providing nutritional care is to:
cure the underlying medical problem
restore a state of nutritional balance
maintain a focus on important vitamins and minerals
impact all lifestyle, environment, and food factors
79
Diabetic ketoacidosis can be a common cause of _______
metabolic acidosis
respiratory acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic alkalosis
80
When calculating fluid requirements based on energy intake, which of the following is correct?
25-30 mL of fluid per kcal
2 mL of fluid per kcal
30-35 mL of fluid per kcal
1 mL of fluid per kcal
81
The term hypercapnia indicates that there is
an excess of the blood gas carbon dioxide
a lack of the blood gas oxygen
a lack of blood gas carbon dioxide
too much calcium in the blood
82
If there CO2 & HCO3 are fluctuated but the pH is back within normal range (w a trend),
this shows no compensation
this shows partial compensation
this shows full compensation
83
The principle of justice includes engagement in service that benefits the community
false
true
84
Assessing whether a client's left-side weakness is affecting her daily activites is the job of
nurse
occupational therapist
respiratory therapist
social worker
85
A decrease in ECF volume and blood volume might be signs of ______
hyponatremia
hypovolemia
hypervolemia
hypernatremia
86
The Code applies to
active members of the Academy
All of the choices
Student members of the Academy
CDR-credentialed practitioners
87
A 3-in-1 solution of parenteral nutrition prepared by an automated compounder contains
dextrose, amino acids, lipids
omega3s, triglycerides, and valine
vitamins, dextrose, iron
fatty acids, iron, and monosaccharides
88
What does the anion gap measure?
the ratio of different anions
the effect of anions on the blood
the total quantity of anions
the difference between unmeasured anions and cations
89
Normal blood osmolality is…
285 - 290 mOsm/kg H2O
285 - 295 mOsm/kg H2O
280 - 295 mOsm/kg H2O
265 - 295 mOsm/kg H2O
90
Which characteristic distinguishes a nutrition diagnosis from a medical diagnosis?
it is written in a specific format
nutrition-related activities are the primary intervention
it is designed to nutritionally cure the underlying disease
it is a way of measuring positive outcoomes
91
Which tools helps RDNs promote quality service & demonstrate effectiveness of care
client-centered outcomes
expected outcomes
measure outcomes
all of the above
92
What role does aldosterone have
gets rid of K and Na
hangs on to K and Na
hangs on to K and helps get rid of Na
hangs on to Na and helps get rid of K
93
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Academy/CDR Code of Ethics?
Polices practitioners to ensure they do no harm
protects the dietetics profession and CDR credentials
Meets the requirements of the accrediting agency for CDR
improves practice by enhancing decision-making abilities
94
To which of the following blood vessels are the central catheters inserted?
cephalic vein
gonadal vein
lumbar vein
subclavian vein
95
Assessing drug-nutrient interactions of medications is the job of
nurse
social worker
nutritionists
pharmacist
96
Which of the following works toward improving dietetics practice & promoting the profession
All of the above
CDR Professional Development Porfolio
Code of Ethics
Standards of Professional Practice
97
If the pH is above 7.45, the patient is in
acidosis
alkalosis
98
What is true regarding peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN)?
PPN involves the admin. of small volumes of nutrients
PPN involves the administration of concentrated fluids
The high osmolality of PPN may cause small veins to collapse
PPN is most acceptable for a fluid-restricted patient
99
PPN requires large volumes to meet nutrient needs which makes this route is unacceptable for
diabetics
fluid restricted patients
petite people
100
Adding a hypotonic solution in the blood causes
cellular dehydration
cellular swelling

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