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Genetics 2023 Flashcards | StudBud
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Genetics 2023
Genetics 2023
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1
What conclusion did Mendel make concerning genetics?
Traits are not linked from parents to offspring.
Traits are inherited through passing of factors from parents
Traits are recessive only.
Traits are dominant only.
2
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
heterozygous
dominant
homozygous
hybrids
3
On which chromosome are x-linked genes found?
Y only
autosomes
both X and Y
X only
4
What does the law of dominance state?
Alleles are recessive only.
Some alleles have the ability to mask other alleles
Alleles are dominant only
Dominance and recessive do not apply to alleles
5
How many alleles are there for blood type?
1
3
4
2
6
What type of inheritance occurs when you see a blending of traits?
Incomplete dominance
sex-linked
Complete dominance
Co-dominance
7
What is codominance?
Traits are controlled by 2 or more genes.
One allele is completely dominant over the other allele
Both traits are fully and separately expressed.
Many allele versions are available for the trait.
8
What does homozygous mean?
2 identical alleles for a trait
a hybrid
2 different alleles for a trait
a cross of alleles
9
Which human trait is determined by multiple alleles?
Hemophilia
Colorblindness
Blood types ABO
Roan cows
10
To what type of organisms do Mendel’s principles of genetics apply?
only animals and plants
all organisms
only plants
only pea plants
11
The disorder occurs mostly in males. The gene for this disorder is most likely
carried only by males
on the X chromosome
an autosomal allele
not sex linked
12
Which blood type is the Universal Recipient?
AB+
A-
AB-
O-
13
Why are x-linked traits more common in males than females?
Males only have 1 Y chromosome and are affected if present
Fathers can only pass genetic defects to their sons
Males have 2 copies of each genetic defect
Males only have 1 X chromosome and are affected if present
14
What two sex chromosomes are found in a female? A male?
XX, XY
X, XY
X, Y
XY, XX
15
Each pea-plant
gamete
has how many alleles for the height gene?
1
4
3
2
16
Probability of round pods (dominant) from Rr x rr?
0%
25%
50%
100%
17
Different versions of a single gene are called
gametes
chromosomes
alleles
phenotypes
18
What is incomplete dominance?
When neither allele of a gene is dominant over the other one
Many allele versions are available for the trait.
Traits are controlled by 2 or more genes.
Both traits are fully and separately expressed.
19
In codominance, how will the hybrid offspring appear?
Red (RR)
White (rr)
Pink (Rr)
White with red spots (RW)
20
What is a genotype?
The occurrence of a specific trait (1:2)
Genetic makeup of a specific trait (Bb)
physical characteristics of a specific trait (brown)
Situations in which both alleles are expressed. (BW)
21
What does heterozygous mean?
traits that have crossed and separated
2 different alleles for a trait (Ww)
2 identical alleles for a trait (WW, ww)
traits only received from parents
22
Red is dominant to white. Two red flower parents have a white flower child, what is their genotype?
tt
XY
Tt
TT
23
How is probability used in biology?
To figure out the actual traits of offspring
to figure out genetic defects in chromosomes
WHAT? That's math, not biology!
to predict the possible trait ratios of offspring
24
An allele is dominant in a heterozygote when it
is more desirable than the other allele.
is expressed and the other allele is not.
is the stronger of the two alleles.
is a very common allele in a population.
25
Probability of wrinkled pods (recessive) from Rr x rr?
0%
25%
100%
50%
26
What is a phenotype?
Physical characteristics of a specific trait (brown)
Situations in which both alleles are equally expressed (BW)
genetic makeup of a specific trait (Bb)
Crosses between dominant and recessive alleles
27
If a pea plant were homozygous recessive for height, how would its alleles be represented?
tt
tT
Tt
TT
28
What is the chance of offspring being homozygous recessive from parents who are tt and Tt?
1/1
1/4
1/8
1/2
29
Not including Rh Factor, how many blood types are there?
8
2
6
4
30
Which blood type is the Universal Donor?
A-
O+
O-
B-
31
What does a Punnett square show? (select all that apply)
alleles in the gamete of each parent
genotypes of offspring
all possible results of a genetic cross.
actual results of a genetic cross.
32
For an XX female to express a recessive X-linked trait, she must have
two recessive alleles
two dominant alleles
an inactivated allele.
a Y chromosome.
33
Who is called the father of genetics?
Darwin
Franklin
Watson
Mendel
34
Genes that are located on the X chromosome are called
alleles
XY
x-linked
recessive
35
Hair color and eye color are examples of a person's
dominant alleles
phenotype
recessive traits
genotype
36
How is blood type determined?
What you ate
Random chance
Blood transfusion
Genes
37
Incomplete dominance- how will offspring of a red plant (RR) crossed with a white (rr) plant appear?
Pink (Rr)
Red (RR)
White with red spots (RW)
White (rr)
38
A carrier of a disorder is a person who
can develop the disorder later in life but cannot pass it on
has a dominant normal allele that has been inactivated.
passes the disorder to offspring on the Y chromosome only.
does not have the disorder but can pass it on to offspring.
39
Where do genes for blood type come from?
From your mother
One from mother/one from father
From your father
Brothers/sisters
40
What do the letters inside the grid of a Punnett square represent?
possible phenotypes of the parents
possible chromosomes of parents
possible phenotypes of the offspring
possible genotypes of the offspring
41
What does the Rh stand for in Rh factor?
Rhesus monkey
Rhemes monkey
Rhizome monkey
Rhodesian monkey
42
What is the % chance that an offspring would be tall if its parents are both heterozygous tall? (T- tall....t-short)
100%
75%
25%
50%
