Rad Imaging Ch 2

X-rays can be focused by a lens

Physicist who separated elements based on mass. Led to Mendeleev's development of periodic table of elements.

Type of mechanical energy. Performs work because it's moving. Ex: Water rushing

X-rays do not affect photographic film

Frequency unit of measurement

Results from movement of electrons in conductor. Ex: Lightbulb converts electrical energy to light

Water is an example of a molecule

What is electron binding energy measured in (unit)?

How many sub-particles can atoms be divided into?

Type of mechanical energy. Stored, based on position. Ex: Skier at top of hill

Discovered that there is a dense, positive nuclues surrounded by cloud of negative electrons (1911)

Mass of proton is ____ x greater than electron

Atomic mass is concentrated where?

Force used to do work or ability to do work

What is the formula for work?

Frequency and wavelength are inversely related

Location where electron might be at any given time. "Probability density"

What year did Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen discover x-rays?

Neutral charge

X-rays produce chemical & biological changes in matter through ionization & excitation. Produces scatter radiation

EM radiation cannot travel through medium or vacuum

X-rays travel in straight lines at speed of light

Distance from the nucleus. Determines electron binding energy - amount of energy required to knock electron from atom

What are examples of EM Energy?

What are the characteristics of EM radiation?

M Theory (String Theory): Links quantum physics & relativity. 5 different theories being {dis}proven

Octet Rule: Atom never has 8+ electrons in outer shell. Atom w/ 8 electrons in outershell are inert (chemically stable)

Smallest particle that possesses the chemical properties of the element?

Described atoms to be mini solar system (1913)

Positive charge

Indicates elements have the same number of electrons in outer valence shell

What is the unit we use for energy?

What is the equation for velocity?

Non-living matter

Electromagnetic Energy: Combo of electric & magnetic fields traveling through space. Produced by acceleration of charge

Distinguishes elements by number of protons contained in nucleus. (Z#)

Electron binding energy decreases as Z# (Atomic Number) increases

High frequency, high energy EM radiation. Photon energy & frequency directly related.

Believed in four elements of air, water, earth, & fire

Ionization: Add/remove electron from atom

Has mass (weight) and occupies space. It has shape and form

Energy released from chemical reaction. Ex: Body converts chemical energy from food to mechanical energy or movement

Electrical stability: Equal number of protons and neutrons

Atomic Mass: Describes protons & neutrons in nucleus

Action of physical movement. 2 Types: Potential & Kinetic

Joule is named after what physicist?

Potential energy is stored in the nucleus by bonds. Obtained by breaking bonds btwn particles within nucleus.

Determined by # of e- in outermost shell. Chemical combining characteristic describes how atom will bond w/ other atoms

Smallest particle of a compound possessing characteristics of the compound?

Orbits the nucleus

Negative charge

Living matter

Indicates elements have same number of electron shells

Wavelength unit of measurement

Erwin Schrodinger: Foundation of modern physics. Quantum physics or wave mechanics.

X-rays are mechanically neutral

Two or more substances combined. Most commonly found in nature.

Physics: Studies relationships between matter and energy

-1 atom ______ an electron in attempt to stabilize itself.

waves are disturbances in medium. Ex: Ocean, sound, etc.

+1 atom _______ an electron in quest to be stable

Results from movement of atoms & molecules. Temperature measures this. Ex: Toaster converts electrical energy --> heat

Thoery of relativity equation is E=mc(2)

Makes up all of matter. Has a definite and constant composition.

Describes number of protons and neutrons.

Changing the number of neutrons or electrons changes the element

Electron Binding Energy: Energy needed to eject electron from atom. Related to how close electron is to nucleus.

Shell "K" has the weakest bond, "Q" has the strongest bond

Electron capacity formula is 2n^2

Mass of neutron is _____ x greater than electron

Matter: States solid, liquid, & gas. Dependent upon varying degrees of molecular attraction (due to temp)

Nucleus: Large, dense center of an atom. Contains nucleons, protons & neutrons.