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Duplicate of Cognitive Psychology: Memory, Thinking, Language, Testing/Intelligence Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of Cognitive Psychology: Memory, Thinking, Language, Testing/Intelligence
Duplicate of Cognitive Psychology: Memory, Thinking, Language, Testing/Intelligence
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1
Howard Gardner believes intelligence should be defined:
as a measure of emotion
within the context of a particular culture
with a triarchic factor
in terms of multiple factors
2
When solving a math problem in your head, you hold the information
here
while you calculate.
conscious memory
working memory
rehearsal memory
iconic memory
3
Essay tests measure ___ & multiple choice tests measure ___.
recognition; recall
long-term memory; short term memory
retrieval; encoding
recall; recognition
4
Human communication differs from animal communication in our use of:
phonemes.
vocal sounds.
syntax.
morphemes.
5
Thinking without language
can improve our performance on the basketball court.
is found only in animals.
occurs more often in cultures without language.
is not possible.
6
Asian students outperform North American students in math achievement tests because
American students have more important things to do.
Asians are genetically superior at math.
American students watch too much TV.
Asian students spend much more time studying math.
7
What is Whorf's theory that differences in language cause differences in perceptions/thinking?
linguistic determinism
perceptual change theory
linguistic shift
displacement hypothesis
8
Asked to spell "shop" then asked "what do you do at a green light?" most answer stop. Why?
tip-of-the tongue phenomenon
working retriveal
priming
chunking
9
Mary was out of coffee filters.She didn't think to use a paper towel. What is this an ex. of?
algorithm
availability heuristic
functional fixedness
framing
10
By the time infants are 10 months old,
their babbling is universal across all cultures.
they can speak full sentences.
they are putting 2 words together.
their babbling reflects the features of the home language.
11
Even though the link has been disproven, many do not vaccinate for fear it causes autism. Why?
Representativeness Heuristic
Confirmation Bias
Belief Perseverance
Functional fixedness
12
No screwdriver? Can't fix it. You don't think to use a butter knife instead.
Belief Bias
Framing
Confirmation Bias
Functional Fixedness
13
In the traditional formula, if a 10 year old has a mental age of 12, what is her IQ?
90
100
120
110
14
What are the changes in our nervous system that enhance memory storage?
dendrite growth
long-term potentiation
automatic processing
next-in-line effect
15
What kind of processing do you use when you study info - you work at it and pay attention.
effortful
deliberate
redundant
meaningful
16
Who believed that language is learned only through the environment-conditioning/modeling?
Chomsky
Broca
Whorf
Skinner
17
"1 is a bun, 2 is a shoe" is a _____ device called a ____ system.
mnemonic; peg-word
semantic; chunking
priming; semantic encoding
working memory; spacing effect
18
What is the driver's test?
achievement test
predictive validity test
reliability test
aptitude test
19
What kind of test is the AP exam?
Aptitutide
Achievement
Valid
Aggregate
20
What is a memory that seems almost perfectly clear because of its emotional impact?
sensory
traumatic
flashbulb
photographic
21
Which is not one of Sternberg's 3 intelligences?
Analytical
Creative
Mathematical
Practical
22
Police want to use a hypnotist to help a victim recall repressed memories. What do you advise?
Use a highly trained hypnotist.
They should also use a truth serum.
The victim may be too emotional to remember.
Recovered memories under hypnosis are unreliable.
23
What is the forumula for IQ?
chronological age / mental age X 100
mental age/chronological age X 100
chronological age X mental age /100
24
Gambling is perpetuated partly b/c we can easily remember the times we won. Example of?
source amnesia
availability heuristic
prototypes
false memory
25
When a measurement yields the same results each time it is used, it has a high
correlation
validity
reliability
standardization
26
Being able to respond appropriately when interacting with others suggests:
emotional intelligence
creative intelligence
multiple intelligences
street smarts
27
Who believed the g factor describes general, overall intelligence?
Spearman
Sternberg
Simon
Terman
28
Who is the designer of the most widely used intelligence test today?
Binet
Terman
Stern
Wechsler
29
Learning info when drunk. Can't remember when sober, but remembering again when drunk.
spacing effect
flashbulb memory
context-dependent memory
state-dependent memory.
30
Students wanting to improve tests scores should
cram the night before each test.
think more often.
spend 5 minutes every day imaging themselves getting an A.
spend 5 minutes every day imaging themselves studying.
31
Intellectual disabilities include difficulty living independently and an IQ
70 or less
85 or less
60 or less
less than 100
32
A statistical procedure that can be used to identify clusters of closely related test items is
Factor Analysis
IQ
Crystallized Intelligence
Split-Half Analysis
33
As adopted children grow up, their intelligence
is much more like their adoptive parents
varies according to their environment
is much more like their adoptive siblings
is much more like their biological parents
34
The tendency to approach a problem in a certain way esp. one that worked in the past.
prototype
algorithm
heuristics
mental set
35
The finding that women scored higher on math tests when no males were present supports
gender bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
physical attraction
stereotype threat
36
According to the self-reference effect, we remember information when
we have been directly accused of something.
information holds personal meaning.
someone told us directly.
we saw the event first-hand.
37
The smallest unit of language that carries meaning.
morpheme
babble
telegraphic speech
phoneme
38
Why do we recall more sad events when we are currently sad?
mood-congruent memory
melancholic memory
flashbulb memory
iconic memory
39
The serial position effect describes our tendency to
remember things when in numerical order
remember first & last items of a list best
remember what we had for breakfast
remember 1st items of a list more than last items
40
What is making info meaningful so that we can store it in memory?
flashbulb
sensory memory
construction
encoding
41
Because the WAIS and WISC are standardized, 68% of the IQ scores are between:
95 to 105
90 to 110
85 to 115
85 to 120
42
As we age, what tends to increase?
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
divergent thinking
convergent thinking
43
What does deep processing involve?
semantic encoding
acoustic encoding
visual encoding
iconic encoding
44
What did Lewis Terman create?
Wechsler Intelligence Scale
Alpha-Beta Test of Intelligence
Binet Intelligence Test
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
45
Brain scans of those with higher intelligence show
more gray matter & less white matter than average people.
smaller frontal lobes than average people.
greater fluid intelligence than average people.
less energy required to solve problems than average people.
46
What is the capacity of short-term memory?
12 +/- 3
20 +/- 4
3 +/- 1
7 +/- 2
47
What will determine whether you take the WAIS or the WISC?
the training of the administrator
your primary language
your reading ability
your age
48
What are the 3 stages of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model in the correct order?
flashbulb, working, long-term
sesnory, short-term, long-term
visual, short-term, long-term
working, short-term, long-term
49
Chomsky believes our capacity for language is natural and quick because of
a language acquisition device.
sequential developmental stages.
behavioral conditioning.
language being entirely inborn.
50
What is the best way to study for a test?
The night before the test, so it is fresh in your mind.
Spread the studying across many days
Rehearse repeatedly the night before.
Audio tape the info and replay in your sleep
51
The best way to find information stored in memory is to use
auditory processing
iconic memory
explicit memory
retrieval cues
52
The USA went to war with Iraq on the false belief it had weapons of mass destruction . Ex. of ?
ignorance
confirmation bias
heuristics
fixation
53
What is the bell-shaped pattern that standardized tests should follow?
normal curve
correlational distribution
average distrbution
scatterplot
54
What is the brief visual memory that is like a snapshot that lasts for less than a second?
working
iconic
echoic
short-term
55
We can remember how to do something but can't consciously explain it. What type of memory?
episodic
implicit
explicit
declarative
56
Which of the following is not helpful when encoding new information?
semantic encoding
distributed practice
self-reference effect
massed practice
57
Successful people who have intelligence and grit, demonstrate the importance of ability and
motivation
validity
aptitude
heritability
58
Not remembering all the details of a common penny is an example of ____ failure.
recall
encoding
state-dependent
misinformation
59
Politicians label a military action as a "preemptive strike" NOT "invasion." Why?
framing
reverse psychology
confirmation bias
lying
60
Girls are inherently better than boys at all of the following except:
learning/remembering words
spelling
finding things
mentally dealing with 3 dimensional objects
61
Learning something new makes recall of previously learned info more difficult is an example of?
misinformation effect
retroactive interference
persistence
proactive interference
62
People with an extreme ability combined with autism or other CNS problems have
a mental disability
savant syndrome
heritability
the g factor
63
Jamie remembered something from a dream she believed really happened. What is this an ex. of?
source amnesia
eyewitness testimony
encoding
repression
64
What part of the brain is important for new, explicit memories?
cerebellum
hypothalamus
basal ganglia
hippocampus
