A perceptual set implies that...

people often see what they expect to see

how alternatives in a decision problem are presented

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...

personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level

blocks the action of neurotransmitters

A valid test is one that...

measures what it is supposed to measure

What is not a characteristic of groupthink?

gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)

Negative reinforcement involves...

the removal of an unpleasant stimulus

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AP Exam Review

100 termsStudBud Administration270 plays

A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 100

Answers

1
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
give cookie
i wanted a cookie
cookie
2
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
stirrup
cochlea
oval window
3
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
thalamus
4
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
5
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
predictability
representativeness
accuracy of inference
6
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
7
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
8
What is somnambulism?
difficulty breathing when asleep
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
sleep-talking
9
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
display rules
parental investments
investment differentiations
social scripts
10
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
11
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
12
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
delusions
hallucinations
illusions
obsessions
13
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
been dreaming
14
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
repression
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
15
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
electrographic tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
16
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
procedural
fluid
crystallized
17
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
preconventional
postconventional
conventional
18
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a phobia
an obsession
a compulsion
a delusion
19
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
partial storage
partial retrieval
complete retrieval failure
20
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
standard deviation
percentiles
correlation coefficients
21
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the principle of collectivism
the reciprocity norm
display rules
the law of cognitive dissonance
22
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
become aggressive
23
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
24
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
classical conditioning
latent learning
operant conditioning
25
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
individualism
attributionism
functionalism
collectivism
26
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
fast-mapping
overextension
semantic slanting
metalinguistic awareness
27
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
exposure to light
28
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
trust vs. mistrust
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
29
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
efferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
autonomic nerves
30
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
G. Stanley Hall
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
Rene Decartes
31
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
anal
oral
genital
latency
32
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
flashbulb memories
episodic memories
non-declarative memories
33
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
avoidance therapy
psychotherapy
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
34
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
35
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
36
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a clinical psychologist
37
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
light purity
brightness
color
saturation
38
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
classical conditioning
observational learning
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
39
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
40
An antagonist...
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
41
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
is reliable
42
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
attitude is to action
43
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring dissent from group members
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
44
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
fear
happiness
surprise
sadness
45
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
obedience
cognitive dissonance
conformity
groupthink
46
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
encoded
retrieved
ablated
47
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
a personality test
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
48
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
musical
spatial
mechanical
49
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
attention encoding
50
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
51
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
selection
stimulus discrimination
step-wise conditioning
52
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
median
mode
midpoint
53
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
transduction capacity
the relative threshold period
54
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he's just like his father
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he always gets in fights
55
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
crowded living conditions
job discrimination experienced by the residents
the personal qualities of the residents
poor police protection
56
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
feeding
memory
57
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
loudness
pitch
timbre
58
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
fixation
displacement
compensation
regression
59
Anhedonia is when a person...
has trouble getting along with people
has two different psychological disorders
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
experiences mild manic states
60
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
conservation
centration
reversibility
61
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 4
stage 1
REM
stage 2
62
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
extinction
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
63
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
time of testing
sequential
longitundinal
64
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
65
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in openness
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
66
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
a self-report inventory
67
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
script
chunk
schema
68
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
serotonin
acetylcholine
endorphin
dopamine
69
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
behavioral
humanistic
cognitive
70
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the control group
the observational group
the experimental group
71
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
cannabis
narcotics
alcohol
sedatives
72
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
reinforcement
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
73
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
prenatals
pathogens
teratogens
opiates
74
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were put into a simulated prison
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
75
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
group polarization
deindividuation
social loafing
conformity
76
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
operant conditioning
punishment
observational learning
classical conditioning
77
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
perception
processing
attention
78
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological stability
psychological instability
79
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
reduction of inhibitions
resistance to pain
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
80
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
shared inhibition
secure-avoidant
strange situation
attachment probing
81
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
82
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
relearning
recall
reiteration
83
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
the internal state causes the facial expression
84
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
85
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
86
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rat
loud noise
fear reaction
rabbit
87
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
hearing a sound
moving a part of his body
smelling an odor
88
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
spontaneous recovery
89
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
classical conditioning
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
90
Which of the following is not a milestone in development
babbling
establishing a dominant hand
rooting reflex
Babinski reflex
91
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
an unconditioned response
92
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
93
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
94
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
ESB
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
95
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
thalamus
location of injury
cortex
96
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
physiological recordings
psychological tests
direct observation
97
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
drive theory
incentive theory
instinct theory
98
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
intelligence
reasoning
insight
creativity
99
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
limbic system
endocrine system
leftbrain/right brain communication
100
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
mood
personality
schizophrenic
anxiety

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