What is LTP (long-term potentiation)

an increase in a cell's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation

What is the main difference between an algorithm and a heuristic?

An algorithm guarantees a correct solution, heuristic does not

What is the difference between representativeness and availability heuristics?

Representativeness based on prototypes; availability on ease of recall

What is context-dependent memory?

Recalling information better when in the same setting where you learned

What is the difference between anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia?

Anterograde prevents forming new memories, retrograde prevents recalling

What is the difference between proactive and retroactive interference?

Proactive interferes with new info; retroactive with old

Which of the following is an example of predictive validity?

A college entrance exam predicting future academic success in college

Which of the following is an example of using an algorithm

Following a recipe step by step to bake a cake

Which of the following is an example of effortful processing?

Remembering your phone number after rehearsing it

Which of the following is an example of divergent thinking?

Creating a story from an abstract drawing

Which of the following best illustrates a mental set?

Using the same method to solve a math problem, even when there are simpler

What is infantile amnesia?

The inability to recall early childhood memories

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Unit 2: Cognition

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Questions 23

Answers

1
Which type of memory is described by the retention of learned skills and unconscious encoding of incidental information?
Explicit Memory
Implicit Memory
Semantic Memory
Episodic Memory
2
What is LTP (long-term potentiation)
an increase in a cell's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation
A process where the brain forgets irrelevant information
A process that weakens synaptic connections and impairs memory
A type of memory loss that occurs over time
3
What is the main difference between an algorithm and a heuristic?
An algorithm is based on intuition, heuristic is based on logic
algorithm works for simple problems, heuristic works for complex problems
An algorithm guarantees a correct solution, heuristic does not
An algorithm always takes less time, while a heuristic takes more time
4
What is the difference between representativeness and availability heuristics?
Representativeness based on prototypes; availability on ease of recall
Representativeness considers past events; availability considers future
Representativeness relies on vivid memories; availability on stereotypes
Representativeness is always accurate; availability is error-prone
5
What is context-dependent memory?
The process of recalling a memory based on emotional states
Recalling information better when in the same setting where you learned
The tendency to forget information when you change locations
The memory technique that relies on repeating information over time
6
SAT/ACT is an example of an achievement test
True
False
7
curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes
Exponential Curve
Bimodal Curve
Bell curve/Normal
Skewed Curve
8
Content validity is the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
False
True
9
Aptitude tests predict the ability to learn a new skill
True
False
10
What is the difference between anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia?
Anterograde affects short-term memory, retrograde affects long-term
Anterograde involves forgetting recent events, retrograde involves forget
Anterograde is caused by emotional trauma, retrograde prevents recalling
Anterograde prevents forming new memories, retrograde prevents recalling
11
What is an example of Convergent Thinking
Decorating a cake
Writing a song
SAT/ACT
Writing a story
12
What is the difference between proactive and retroactive interference?
Proactive affects short-term memory; retroactive affects long-term
Proactive interferes with new info; retroactive with old
Proactive involves forgetting over time; retroactive is immediate
13
Flashbulb memory is a vague, short-term memory of a random event
False
True
14
Which of the following is an example of predictive validity?
A test evaluating how well a student can memorize historical facts
a math test accuratelt measuring students' current knowledge of math
A college entrance exam predicting future academic success in college
a survey assessing people's opinion on a recent movie
15
Which of the following is an example of using an algorithm
Brainstorming creative ways to design a new product
Following a recipe step by step to bake a cake
Deciding which movie to watch based on how you feel
Randomly guessing answer on a quiz until you get them right
16
Which of the following is an example of effortful processing?
Instantly remembering a song you heard on the radio
Remembering your phone number after rehearsing it
Automatically recalling the time of day without looking at at a clock
Recognizing a familiar face without thinking
17
ROY G BIV is an example of which type of effortful processing?
Mnemonics
Acronym
Chunking
Rhymes
18
True or False: Riding a bike without thinking about it is an example of implicit memory
False
True
19
Which of the following is an example of divergent thinking?
Choosing the best answer on a multiple-choice
Deciding the fastest route to school
Creating a story from an abstract drawing
Choosing two meals off a menu
20
Which of the following best illustrates a mental set?
Using the same method to solve a math problem, even when there are simpler
Considering all possible solutions to a problem before making a decision
Brainstorming new, creative ways to solve a problem
Using trial and error to solve a puzzle
21
What is infantile amnesia?
The inability to recognize familiar faces in early childhood
The inability to form new memories after a traumatic event
The inability to recall early childhood memories
The inability to remember facts learned in early childhood
22
Which of the following is NOT a way to assess the reliability of a test?
Construct validity
Split-half reliability
alternate form reliability
test-retest reliability
23
Which of the following does NOT decrease with age in relation to fluid intelligence
vocabulary knowledge
abstract thinking ability
reasoning speed
the ability to solve a logic puzzle quickly

Unit 2: Cognition Flashcards | StudBud