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Shorter Version of Borowed AP Psych Review Good
Shorter Version of Borowed AP Psych Review Good
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1
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
2
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
3
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
clap their hands
cut with a knife
say a sentence
4
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
serial position effect
phonemes and morphemes
5
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
biological
psychoanalytic
trait
6
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
scapegoating
7
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
8
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
planning for the future
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
9
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
pons
hypothalamus
10
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
11
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
12
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
13
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
14
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
Broca's area
15
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
sublimation
modeling
latent learning
mirror neurons
16
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
17
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
latent learning
social learning theory
18
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
NREM
delta waves
sleep spindles and k complexes
beta waves and delta waves
19
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
20
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
temperament
family
environment
21
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
22
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
eat a meal
go for a run
23
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
24
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
median
standard deviation
range
25
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
26
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
27
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
28
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
29
When Sue stubs her toe, it feels better when she rubs the surrounding skin-this is explained by
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
gate-control theory
30
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
31
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
32
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
a mental set
divergent thinking
33
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
behavioral
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
34
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
35
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
36
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
overconfidence
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
37
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
observational learning
38
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
hearing
touch
sight
39
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
internal
fundamental
external
40
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
just world bias
false consensus effect
41
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
size of the group
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
42
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
sensory adaptation
hearing high frequencies
detecting absolute threshold
43
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
44
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
45
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
pharmacological
behavioral
cognitive
46
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
median
range
standard deviation
47
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
modeling
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
48
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
latency period
phallic stage
anal stage
49
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
individualism
in-group bias
50
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
late 40s
puberty
early 20s
51
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
52
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
projection
displacement
reaction formation
sublimation
53
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
correlation coeifficient
standard deviation
a mean that is the same as the median
probability
54
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
55
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
56
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
57
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
58
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
central route persuasion
59
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
60
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
normally distributed
outliers
modes
61
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
62
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
63
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
fovea
blind spot
retina
64
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
65
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
Broca's area
hippocampus
66
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
67
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
68
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
fovea
feature detectors
optic chiasm
69
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
70
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
personalities
daily activities
71
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
assimilation
accommodation
habituation
72
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
respond more quickly to colors
73
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
Gage's area
Broca's area
74
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
75
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
token economies
REBT
76
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
77
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
she does not have a conflict
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
78
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
79
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
80
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
law of effect
token economy
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
81
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
82
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
83
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
84
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
85
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
humanistic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
86
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
87
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
positive psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
88
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
89
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
90
The WISC is a...
none of these
Personality inventory
personality test
Intelligence test
91
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
group polarization
groupthink
deindividuation
92
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
93
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
94
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
mental retardation
95
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
Broca's area
96
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
proximity
linear perspective
closure
retinal disparity
97
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
framing effects
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
98
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
superordinate goals
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
99
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
humanistic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
100
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
101
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
102
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
tolerance
antagonists
dissociation
103
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
104
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
105
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
experiment
case study
correlation study
106
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
Broca's area
hippocampus
107
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
108
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
109
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
aptitude test
IQ test
EQ test
110
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
archetypes
111
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
disinhibition
social facilitation
social roles
112
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
113
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
114
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
SSRIs
lithium
benzodiazepines
115
A man can speak but uses incorrect language content&has difficulty comprehend language damaged
cerebellum
wernicke's area
broca's area
cerebral cortex
116
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
standardization
construct validity
test-retest reliability
117
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
hippocampus
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
118
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
neuroticism
conscientiousness
extraversion
119
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
120
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
content validity
split-half reliability
121
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
122
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
continuous
variable interval
fixed ratio
123
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
124
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
125
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
126
What factor is ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
social
situational
behavioral