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IB ESS Topic 3.1-3.3 Flashcards | StudBud
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IB ESS Topic 3.1-3.3
IB ESS Topic 3.1-3.3
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Questions about biodiversity
Flashcards
39 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Which of these is most likely to lead to speciation?
Geographic isolation
Gene flow between populations
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Large populations
2
What is species evenness
the overall diversity of a species
number of species in an area
relative abundance of each species
3
What factor(s) might impact the genetic diversity of a species?
Human population changes
Habitat destruction
All of the answers
Isolation, larger pop., and size of habitat
4
Which one DOES NOT make a species prone to extinction?
Wide geographical range
Narrow food source
Large body
Small population
5
What is the IUCN Redlist?
List of organisms threatened by trade
Organizations that are endangering animals
Activities that lead to endangered populations
Comprehensive list of threatened species
6
Which of these is not a cause of past mass extinctions?
Humans
Meteor
Increase in CO2
Global Cooling
7
What are endemic species?
Charismatic species that appeal to the public
Species not native to their current habitat
Species native to their current environment
Species vital to the function of an ecosystem
8
How many mass extinction events have occured in the past?
4
5
7
6
9
Which of the following would NOT lead to a loss of biodiversity?
invasive species
sustainable agriculture
Fragmentation of habitat
natural hazards
10
Which term deals with the ability of an ecosystem to recover after a disturbance?
Resilience
Inertia
Equilibrium
Natural selection
11
Rainforests are the focus of biodiversity studies because
they have high species and habitat diversity
they are most vulnerable to habitat destruction
they contain many ecological niches
they have high productivity and are extremely complex
12
Index used to measure diversity
Simpson
Bart
Lincoln
Sharon
13
The most important diversity. Without this one, the other diversities cannot exist
habitat diversity
species diversity
genetic diversity
14
Which of the following types of geographical isolation can be caused by plate tectonics?
oceans
ridges
mountains
volcanic chains
15
What has caused potentially the speciation of these fish?
the opening of the Panama canal
A land bridge arising
South America splits from North America
The change in the salinity of the sea is different
16
The natural extinction rate for all species is also known as the
background extinction rate
Compound extinction rate
initial extinction rate
Specific extinction rate
17
Variations within a species contributes to:
habitat diversity
species richness
genetic diversity
species diversity
18
How do our current extinction rates compare to the background (natural) rate?
the same
10 times greater
100-10,000 times greater
100 - 10,000 times less
19
The formation of new species through evolution.
Natural selection
Speciation
Gene flow
Survival of the fittest
20
Organisms that are most fit survive and reproduce. Also called "survival of the fittest"
Divergence
Genetic drift
Evolution
Natural selection
21
Which of these ecosystems has the HIGHEST habitat diversity?
Tropical Rainforest
Your lawn
Tundra
Desert
22
Areas that have more biodiversity than others are sometimes referred to as:
National treasures
Protected Areas
Species poor
Hot spots
23
Species biodiversity includes species evenness AND
Isolation
Genetic diversity
How evenly distributed they are
Richness
24
Which of the following is NOT an example of an environmental service provided by biodiversity?
Soil Aeration
Climate regulation
Timber for building
Carbon capture/storage
25
If a habitat is at equilibrium, which stage of succession is it most likely to be in?
Climax community
Pioneer community
Early stages
Competition seres
26
If a habitat has a high Simpson index, what does this indicate about its biodiversity?
Biodiversity is stable
Biodiversity is changing
Biodiversity is high
Biodiversity is low
27
What percent of species must be extinct to be considered a "mass" extinction?
25%
90%
75%
50%
28
Which of these is likely a hot spot area?
Andes
Midwest USA
New Zealand
Philippines
29
Why are we in what is considered the "sixth" mass extinction?
Human activity is causing rapid destruction of habitat and loss of species
A meteor hit....a while ago
The human population is growing to quickly
Species are being lost every year
30
Which of these is a LIMITATION of hot spot designation?
Does not take into account natural capital
Focuses on plants rather than animals
Does not consider genetic diversity
Does not account for current rate of habitat destruction
31
Adjustments or changes in an organism that make it more suited to its enviroment
Evolution
Natural Selection
Social Darwinism
Adaptation
32
Which of the following does NOT describe a biodiversity hotspot?
Contains endemic species
Rich in biodiversity
Untouched/unaffected by humans
Is threatened by humans
33
How can introducing non-native species upset a natural ecosystem?
Outcompeting native species
Spread of disease
Makes farming more intensive
Make zoos busier
34
What are the three different measurements/types of diversity?
Species, habitat and genetic
Simpson's, Lincoln's and Berger-Parker
species, population, genetic
Genetic, species, Simpson's
35
What does the symbol, ∑, in the Simpson Index mean?
Divide the quantities
Multiply the quantities
Add the quantities
Subtract the quantities
36
Which of the following is NOT an example of goods provided by biodiversity?
Medicine
Decomposition
Food
Rubber
37
Which of these is a factor that maintains biodiversity?
Stage of succession
Complexity of ecosystem
Invasive Species
Fragmentation of habitat
38
Which of the following is used to quantify the diversity of a habitat?
IUCN
Simpson Index
Fragmentation index
Lincoln Index
39
Species diversity includes both:
number of species and their relative proportions
number of species and their genetic diversity
genetic diversity and habitat diversity
number of adaptive traits and niches
