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Health, Histology & Neurotransmission Flashcards | StudBud
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Health, Histology & Neurotransmission
Health, Histology & Neurotransmission
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1
Which neurotransmitter is derived from tyrosine?
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
GABA
2
Which Ottawa Charter action area focuses on laws and regulations?
Develop personal skills
Build healthy public policy
Create supportive environments
Strengthen community action
3
Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the brain?
Dopamine
GABA
Glutamate
Acetylcholine
4
Which document emphasized the shift from curative to preventive health services?
Ottawa Charter
Shanghai Declaration
Alma Ata Declaration
Lalonde Report
5
The first international conference on health promotion was the:
Helsinki Declaration
Shanghai Conference
Lalonde Report
Ottawa Charter
6
High tax on sugary drinks is an example of which action area of the Ottawa Charter?
Strengthening community action
Building healthy public policy
Developing personal skills
Creating supportive environments
7
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) represents which Ottawa Charter action area?
Building healthy public policy
Developing personal skills
Strengthening community action
Creating supportive environments
8
Which of the following best describes the location of satellite cells?
Peripheral ganglia
Cerebellar cortex
Blood vessels
White matter of CNS
9
Which stain best visualizes collagen in histological sections?
PAS
Silver stain
Trichrome
H&E
10
Clinical breast examination for screening is an example of which Ottawa Charter action?
Creating supportive environments
Building healthy public policy
Reorientating health services
Developing personal skills
11
What is the role of astrocytes in the CNS?
Phagocytose debris
Produce CSF
Form myelin
Maintain extracellular ion balance and support neurons
12
Which action area of the Ottawa Charter does a high tax on sugary drinks fall under?
Building healthy public policy
Developing personal skills
Strengthening community action
Creating supportive environments
13
Which type of prevention includes rehabilitation after stroke?
Primary
Quaternary
Tertiary
Secondary
14
Which histological feature is characteristic of white matter?
Dense neuronal cell bodies
Purkinje cells
Granule cells
Myelinated axon tracts
15
Which type of stain is used for reticular fibers in histology?
Masson's trichrome
H&E
PAS
Silver stain
16
What is the goal of tertiary prevention?
Minimizing complications of established disease
Preventing disease onset
Preventing exposure to risk factors
Preventing unnecessary interventions
17
What distinguishes C fibers from Aδ fibers?
C fibers regulate tendon reflexes
C fibers have faster conduction velocity
C fibers transmit deep, dull pain
C fibers are myelinated; Aδ are not
18
Which layer of the cerebellum contains Purkinje cells?
Molecular layer
White matter
Granular layer
Purkinje layer
19
Smoke-free zones in public places are an example of which Ottawa Charter action area?
Strengthening community action
Developing personal skills
Creating supportive environments
Building healthy public policy
20
What is a hallmark feature of primordial prevention?
Treatment of diagnosed conditions
Avoiding overtreatment in asymptomatic patients
Administering vaccines to high-risk groups
Addressing environmental and social determinants
21
Which Ottawa Charter strategy involves gaining political commitment to support health?
Mediate
Advocate
Enable
Coordinate
22
Which CNS structure contains gyri and pyramidal cells?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla
Spinal cord
23
Which receptor mediates slow synaptic responses?
Metabotropic
Ligand-gated
Voltage-gated
Ionotropic
24
Creating shaded walking paths best represents which Ottawa Charter action area?
Strengthening community action
Developing personal skills
Creating supportive environments
Building healthy public policy
25
Which cells form the blood-CSF barrier?
Ependymal cells of choroid plexus
Microglia
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
26
Which cells assist with axonal regeneration in the PNS?
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Schwann cells
27
The difference between primary and secondary prevention is:
Primary occurs after complications
Primary involves diagnosis
Secondary targets early disease
Secondary focuses on social determinants
28
Which RE-AIM domain focuses on how well the intervention was delivered?
Adoption
Reach
Implementation
Effectiveness
29
Which receptor type allows fast synaptic transmission?
Tyrosine kinase receptors
Ionotropic receptors
GPCRs
Steroid receptors
30
Which neurotransmitter is synthesized from tryptophan?
GABA
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
31
Which level of prevention aims to avoid overmedicalisation?
Primary
Quaternary
Tertiary
Secondary
32
In the RE-AIM model, what does 'Effectiveness' measure?
Program sustainability
Impact on program outcomes
The size of the target population
How well the program was delivered
33
Which glial cell performs immune surveillance in the CNS?
Microglia
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells
34
Ependymal cells primarily function to:
Form myelin
Produce cerebrospinal fluid
Form the blood-brain barrier
Transmit impulses
35
Which strategy aligns with secondary prevention?
Vaccination
Early diagnosis and treatment
Reducing poverty
Cardiac rehabilitation
36
Educating injecting drug users about not sharing needles aligns with which action area?
Reorientating health services
Strengthening community action
Developing personal skills
Building healthy public policy
37
Which neurotransmitter is the major excitatory chemical in the CNS?
Dopamine
GABA
Glutamate
Glycine
38
Which part of the neuron receives synaptic input?
Synaptic cleft
Axon hillock
Node of Ranvier
Dendrites
39
Which fiber type is responsible for transmitting dull, slow pain and heat?
Aβ fibers
C fibers
Aδ fibers
Aα fibers
40
Which action area of the Ottawa Charter does the SunSmart campaign belong to?
Reorienting health services
Building healthy public policy
Creating supportive environments
Developing personal skills
41
In the RE-AIM framework, which domain refers to the total number of participants willing to initiate the intervention?
Implementation
Adoption
Maintenance
Reach
42
Nodes of Ranvier are gaps between:
Neurons and capillaries
Axons and glia
Myelin sheaths on axons
Neurofilaments
43
'Slip, slop, slap, seek and slide' is an example of which Ottawa Charter action?
Developing personal skills
Strengthening community action
Building healthy public policy
Reorienting health services
44
Which Ottawa Charter action area includes laws requiring seatbelts and taxation of sugary drinks?
Creating supportive environments
Reorienting health services
Building healthy public policy
Developing personal skills
45
What is the primary goal of primordial prevention?
Vaccinating susceptible individuals
Early diagnosis of asymptomatic conditions
Managing complications
Eliminating root social/environmental causes of disease
46
What is the effect of activating GABA-A receptors?
Hyperpolarization
Na+ influx
Depolarization
Ca2+ influx
47
What is the goal of tertiary prevention?
Prevent complications and disability
Reduce environmental exposures
Early detection
Prevent disease occurrence
48
Which glial cells guide neuronal migration during development?
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Radial glia
49
Climate change action aligns with which action area of the Ottawa Charter?
Developing personal skills
Building healthy public policy
Strengthening community action
Creating supportive environments
50
Which RE-AIM domain assesses if outcomes are sustained long-term?
Reach
Adoption
Implementation
Maintenance
51
Which structure is found between the arachnoid mater and pia mater?
Dural sinus
Subarachnoid space
Perivascular space
Cisterna magna
52
Which Ottawa Charter strategy focuses on empowering individuals?
Enable
Mediate
Legislate
Advocate
53
Which level of prevention involves early detection in asymptomatic individuals?
Primary prevention
Quaternary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
54
What is the purpose of the 'Health in All Policies' (HiAP) approach?
Expand hospital services
Incorporate health into policymaking across sectors
Train specialists
Provide vaccinations
55
Which social determinant is considered a prerequisite for health?
Health insurance
Smoking cessation
Peace
Body mass index
56
Which Ottawa Charter strategy involves reconciling public, private, and community sectors?
Advocate
Regulate
Enable
Mediate
57
Which prevention strategy is aimed at avoiding overdiagnosis and overtreatment?
Secondary
Quaternary
Tertiary
Primary
58
Which example best fits quaternary prevention?
Chemotherapy
Watchful waiting
Seatbelt legislation
Vaccination
59
Which type of glial cell lines the ventricles?
Microglia
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells
60
Health education roles and translation services are examples of which Ottawa Charter area?
Advocating for policy change
Developing personal skills
Reorienting health services
Strengthening community action
61
Health promotion and disease prevention are distinct concepts?
Only in theory
False
True
Sometimes
62
Which enzyme rapidly degrades acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft?
Acetylcholinesterase
Tyrosine hydroxylase
Monoamine oxidase
Glutaminase
63
What does HiAP (Health in All Policies) aim to achieve?
Systematic health consideration across policy sectors
Isolate health systems
Promote pharmaceuticals
Reduce only communicable diseases
64
Which level of prevention targets the general population to reduce risk factors before they arise?
Secondary prevention
Primary prevention
Primordial prevention
Tertiary prevention
65
The dorsal root ganglia contain neurons characterized by:
Peripheral nuclei with oligodendrocytes
Central nuclei with satellite cells
Multipolar cell bodies
Scattered astrocytes
66
Which of the following best describes the function of Aδ fibers?
Transmit fast, sharp pain and cold temperature
Transmit slow, dull pain
Control skeletal muscle tone
Regulate autonomic preganglionic activity
67
Which glial cell forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?
Microglia
Astrocyte
Schwann cell
Oligodendrocyte
68
Which neurotransmitter receptor is targeted in tetanus and strychnine toxicity?
Nicotinic
Glycine
GABAA
GABAB
69
The Ottawa Charter was developed during which event?
WHO conference in Ottawa, 1986
Lalonde Report
Alma Ata Declaration
Shanghai Health Forum
70
Programs that enhance health literacy and life skills belong to which Ottawa action area?
Building healthy public policy
Creating supportive environments
Reorienting health services
Developing personal skills
71
Which neurotransmitter uses both AMPA and NMDA receptors?
Glutamate
Dopamine
Serotonin
GABA
72
Which histological region of the cerebellum contains dense granule cells?
Purkinje layer
White matter
Granular layer
Molecular layer
73
What type of receptor is a GABA-A receptor?
Voltage-gated
Ionotropic
Enzyme-linked
Metabotropic
74
Which neurotransmitter acts at both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors?
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
GABA
Glutamate
75
Which motor fiber type innervates extrafusal skeletal muscle?
Aβ fibers
Aγ fibers
C fibers
Aα fibers
76
G-protein coupled neurotransmitter receptors are also called:
Metabotropic
Ligand-gated
Ionotropic
Channel-linked
77
Which level of prevention involves early diagnosis and treatment of disease?
Quaternary
Tertiary
Secondary
Primary
78
What distinguishes satellite cells in the PNS?
Supportive cells around neuron cell bodies
Astrocyte lineage
Myelin formation
Proliferation after injury
