Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...

a variety of environmental factors

how alternatives in a decision problem are presented

When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..

are using the availability heuristic

A perceptual set implies that...

people often see what they expect to see

The function of sensory memory is to...

hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...

personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level

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AP Psychology - Semester 1 Review

105 termsStudBud Administration2,942 plays

A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 105

Answers

1
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
operant conditioning
latent learning
classical conditioning
2
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
direct observation
physiological recordings
psychological tests
3
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
change
pressure
frustration
conflict
4
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
5
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
sing a song
print letters
6
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
7
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in openness
high in neuroticism
low in extraversion
high in agreeableness
8
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
content validity
standardized validity
predictive validity
9
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
iris
cornea
lens
10
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
11
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
afferent nerves
autonomic nerves
efferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
12
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
13
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
14
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
15
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
16
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
17
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
psychoanalytic
behavioral
humanistic
18
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
thalamus
location of injury
cortex
19
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
extinction
20
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
medulla
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
21
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
22
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a false alarm
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
subliminal perception
23
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
24
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
logical-mathemathical
musical
mechanical
25
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the conscious
maladaptive behaviors
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
26
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
evolutionary theory
instinct theory
drive theory
27
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
syntax
phonemes
linguistic heuristics
28
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
stimulus discrimination
shaping
selection
step-wise conditioning
29
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
decibels
timbre
pitch
30
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
31
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
social scripts
parental investments
display rules
investment differentiations
32
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
observational learning
33
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
hallucinations
reduction of inhibitions
34
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
gonads
pituitary
thalamus
thyroid
35
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
put information into long-term memory
36
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
problem-solving theory
37
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
ESB
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
38
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
creativity
intelligence
reasoning
39
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the control group
the correlational group
the experimental group
the observational group
40
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
William James
G. Stanley Hall
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
41
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
cannabis
narcotics
sedatives
42
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
attention
processing
sensation
43
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
44
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
45
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
the autonomic nervous system
memory
feeding
46
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
corpus callosum
thalamus
parietal lobe
47
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial retrieval
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
partial storage
48
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
light
food/meat powder
salivation
49
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
brainstem
cerebellum
limbic system
50
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
51
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
52
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
pathogens
prenatals
opiates
53
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
54
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
oval window
stirrup
temporal lobe
cochlea
55
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
cognition
introspection
intelligence
mentalism
56
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
give cookie
cookie
I eated a cookie
57
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
endorphin
58
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
REM
stage 4
stage 2
stage 1
59
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rabbit
loud noise
rat
60
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
61
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
constancy
symmetry
similiarity
closure
62
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
percentiles
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
63
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
midpoint
mode
median
mean
64
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
agonists
neurotransmitters
action potentials
antagonists
65
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; personality
66
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
operant conditioning
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
observational learning
67
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
boat-goat
car-nose
tree-bird
68
An antagonist...
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
69
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
functionalism
behaviorism
70
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
a personality test
an achievement test
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
71
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
insomnia
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
pseudoinsomnia
72
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
an unconditioned response
73
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
smelling an odor
seeing a flash of light
hearing a sound
moving a part of his body
74
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
hypnosis
perception
sensation
consciousness
75
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
76
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological stability
psychological instability
physiological instability
physiological stability
77
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
olfactory cilia
smell buds
gustatory bulbs
sciatic receptors
78
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
recall
reiteration
relearning
79
The superego is Freud's term for...
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
80
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
81
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
82
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
absolute threshold
83
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
84
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
ablated
retrieved
encoded
85
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
an amphetamine
a sedative
a hallucinogen
a narcotic
86
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
87
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
reinforcement
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
88
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
exposure to light
89
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
90
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
the proximodistal trend
91
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
92
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
id mechanisms
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
defense mechanisms
93
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
behavior
the unconscious
the brain
conscious experience
94
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
fear
sadness
surprise
95
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
delta
beta
gamma
alpha
96
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
limbic system
reticular formation
endocrine system
97
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
color
light purity
brightness
98
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
script
chunk
schema
99
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
repression
100
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
mnemonic
phonemic
morphemic
platonic
101
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
accuracy of inference
predictability
consistency
102
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
sensory
intermediate-term
short-term
long-term
103
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
mental age
a percentile score
IQ
104
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
anal
latency
oral
genital
105
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an partial reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule

AP Psychology - Semester 1 Review Flashcards | StudBud