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AP Psych Exam Review #2 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Exam Review #2
AP Psych Exam Review #2
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1
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
2
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
3
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences depersonalization
a person with dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
4
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
5
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
6
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
7
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
trait theory
8
___________ provide a biological basis for empathy.
set point theory
mirror neurons
latent learning
modeling
9
Why are psychoanalysts interested in latent meaning of dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
10
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
11
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
12
"people who watch violent movies are more likely to behave violently" this statement reflects
latent learning
observational learning
insight learning
counterconditioning
13
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
14
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
archetypes
15
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
psychoanalytic
trait
humanistic
16
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
17
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
18
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
19
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
20
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
scapegoating
superordinate goals
out-group homogeneity
21
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
just world bias
22
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
23
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
clap their hands
say a sentence
write with a pencil
24
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
25
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
26
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
evolutionary
cognitive
psychoanalytic
27
Someone who can't understand the meaning of spoken words has experienced damage to
somatosensory cortex
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
Broca's area
28
damage to the parietal region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
balance
touch
hearing
sight
29
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
pons
30
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
31
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
32
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
33
Shelly stood outside in the rain with Alfred just so he wouldn't be alone waiting for his mom to pick him up. This is
individualism
self-serving bias
altruism
compliance
34
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
35
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
36
Choosing 20 people indiscriminately from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
selection to conditions
representative assignment
random assignment
37
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
PET
EEG
38
negative punishments __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
39
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
single blind study
double blind study
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
40
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
developmental study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
41
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
positive psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
42
If Pavlov's dogs did not salivate when they heard a buzzer instead of a bell, they would be experiencing
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
43
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
44
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
45
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
46
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
substance abuse and dependence
47
which structure is part of the inner ear
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
48
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
sensory memory
procedural memory
short-term memory
49
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
frequency theory
absolute threshold
50
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
schizophrenic
anxiety
personality
51
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data shows causation or
standard deviation
statistical significance
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
52
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
dissociation
antagonists
tolerance
53
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
object permanence
conservation
universal ethical principles
54
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
humanist
social-cognitive
psychoanalyst
55
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
56
Antipsychotic medication would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
adrenaline
acetylcholine
serotonin
57
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
58
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
59
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
60
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
61
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
62
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
continuous
primary
secondary
partial
63
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
blind spot
fovea
retina
64
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
assimilation
motor development
attachment
65
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
66
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
67
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
Babinski
stepping
Moro
68
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
69
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
70
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
71
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by attending tutorials probably has this locus of control
internal
fundamental
external
situational
72
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
personality
projective
achievement
73
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
continuity
closure
linear perspective
74
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
overconfidence
a theory
75
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
gestalt therapy
76
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
token economies
REBT
client-centered therapy
77
Which of the following motivation concepts encourage the least positive behaviors to persist over time?
incentive theory
self-efficacy
internal locus of control
intrinsic motivation
78
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
79
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
behavioral
structuralist
cognitive
80
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
81
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
experiment
correlation study
case study
82
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
standardization
construct validity
test-retest reliability
83
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
autism
84
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
recall
retroactive memory
85
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
conformity
social roles
disinhibition
86
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
split-half reliability
87
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
group polarization
groupthink
deindividuation
88
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
latent learning
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
89
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
90
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
eat a meal
91
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
92
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
rods
cornea
optic nerve
93
which brain structure is involved in heart rate and respiration
hypothalamus
cerebellum
medulla
amygdala
94
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
cognitive
psychoanalytic
trait
95
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
96
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
97
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
98
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
personalities
circadian rhythm
daily activities
sleep cycles
99
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
aptitude test
EQ test
IQ test
100
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory