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AP Psych Exam Review COMBO Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Exam Review COMBO
AP Psych Exam Review COMBO
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1
What did the visual cliff experiment study?
Language acquisition
Depth perception
Parenting styles
Infant attachment
2
Which of the following is an example of a behavior explained by drive reduction theory?
A personal studies to win an award
A person drinks water to satisfy their thirst
A person seeks adventure through extreme sports
A person volunteers for personal satisfaction
3
Which of these glands interacts most directly with all others to help regulate body process?
adrenals
parathyriods
pituitary
thyroids
4
During a team project, some members exert less effort because they believe their contributions won’t be noticed. This is
social loafing
group polarization
deindividuation
social facilitation
5
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic neurons
sympathetic neurons
sensory (afferent) neurons
motor (efferent) neurons
6
What did Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment demonstrate?
Operant conditioning
Animism
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
7
A drug that reduces central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a depressant
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
a stimulant
8
Brain stem structure that regulates brain activity during sleep.
amygdala
pons
cerebellum
medulla
9
Cortex in the frontal lobe that controls voluntary movement.
motor cortex
frontal cortex
occipital cortex
somatosensory cortex
10
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
structural processing
attention encoding
11
The amygdala would most play a role in regulating which emotion?
surprise
sadness
happiness
fear
12
What type of learning is associated with involuntary responses?
Latent learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
13
What process explains why people experience discomfort when their actions conflict with their beliefs?
Belief perseverance
Cognitive dissonance
Implicit bias
Confirmation bias
14
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
long-term
short-term
sensory
15
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates extrinsic motivation?
A student studies because they enjoy learning
A person exercises to improve their overall well-being
An employee works overtime to earn a bonus
A musician practices for the satisfaction of mastering their craft
16
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
17
Belief perseverance is demonstrated when:
A person maintains their belief despite evidence contradicting it
Individuals alter their attitudes based on group norms
Someone changes their belief to align with their actions
A person learns to conform to authority figures
18
My friend's personality just changed rapidly and she became very irritible. What's damaged?
occipital lobe
parietal lobe
frontal lobe
temporal lobe
19
Which brain region is primarily responsible for regulating hunger and satiety signals?
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Prefrontal cortex
20
What is a key difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning involves voluntary behavior
Classical conditioning is used to teach complex skills
Classical is based on associations, while operant is based on consequences
Operant conditioning involves neutral stimuli
21
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
the conjunction fallacy
22
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
relearning
recall
recognition
reiteration
23
What is egocentrism in Piaget’s preoperational stage?
The ability to understand abstract concepts
The inability to recognize objects
The belief that everyone sees the world from your perspective
The idea that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape
24
Which chemicals pass the synapse and increase the possibility the next neuron will fire?
adrenaline-type exciters
excitatory neurotransmitters
synaptic peptides
inhibitory neurotransmitters
25
Specific part of the nervous system that sends calming neural messages
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Somatic
Autonomic
26
I am the communication link between the hemispheres of the brain.
hypothalamus
thalamus
corpus callosum
cerebellum
27
After a neuron fires, this is the time where the neuron must wait to fire again.
action potential
refractory period
threshold
resting potential
28
Core of the brain stem - keeps the brain alert and attentive (arousal)
reticular formation
medulla
pons
amygdala
29
According to Erikson, what is the primary challenge of adolescence?
Trust vs. mistrust
Intimacy vs. isolation
Identity vs. role confusion
Generativity vs. stagnation
30
Lobe responsible for vision.
parietal
frontal
temporal
occipital
31
What is the major milestone of the sensorimotor stage?
Development of abstract thinking
Development of object permanence
Development of conservation
Development of logical reasoning
32
Which of the following is an example of a teratogen?
Alcohol
Exercise
Prenatal vitamins
Hot sauce
33
Establishes long term memory.
hippocampus
thalamus
hypothalamus
reticular formation
34
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
acetylcholine
endorphin
serotonin
dopamine
35
A manager encourages two conflicting teams to collaborate on a project to reach a mutual goal. This approach uses:
social traps
social facilitation
groupthink
superordinate goals
36
In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the conditioned stimulus (CS)?
Bell
Salivation
Food
Lights
37
A child asks their parents for a new video game. When refused, the child asks for a smaller item, like trading cards.
Central route persuasion
Foot-in-the-door technique
Door-in-the-face technique
Halo effect
38
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
39
A person who enjoys activities like bungee jumping and mountain climbing most likely shows
Disinhibition
Thrill or adventure seeking
Experience seeking
Boredom susceptibility
40
Studies show the mere exposure effect;
The more time you spend with someone, the less you like them
The more time you spend with someone, the more you like them
If personalities clash at first, you'll fall for each other
Upon initial mtg, people know how they feel about each other
41
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
are framing them
are developing a schema
42
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the central route to persuasion?
A celebrity endorses a brand of shoes, leading to increased sales
A politician uses emotional appeals to a campaign speech
A company uses flashy visuals in an advertisement to attract customers
A consumer buys a car after carefully researching its safety features
43
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
bottom-up processing
44
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
ablated
encoded
modeled
45
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
lesioning
46
Attributing a student's high score to the student’s natural intelligence, rather than the ease of the tests, is making
a dispositional attribution
A pessimistic attribution
a situtional attribution
an attribution grounded in external causes
47
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
constancy
proximity
similiarity
48
What is the primary function of the hormone ghrelin?
Suppress hunger and signal satiety
Increase energy storage in fat cells
Stimulate hunger by signaling the brain to eat
Regulate metabolic rate
49
A dog conditioned to drool at a bell also drools at a similar-sounding bell. This is an example of:
Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination
Generalization
Extinction
50
What does incentive theory suggest about behavior?
Behavior is determined by achieving an optimal level of arousal
Behavior is driven by the need to maintain homeostasis
Behavior is mainly motivated by external rewards
Behavior is solely influenced by unconscious processes
51
Which reinforcement schedule produces the highest and most consistent response rate?
Variable interval
Fixed ratio
Fixed interval
Variable ratio
52
Lobe responsible for planning, reasoning, & judment (thinking) as well as movement.
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
53
What does the Yerkes-Dodson Law suggest about performance?
High arousal is ideal for complex tasks and low arousal for simple tasks
High arousal always leads to better performance
Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance
Low arousal is ideal for complex and high arousal is ideal for simple tasks
54
What did Harlow’s research with monkeys demonstrate about attachment?
Comfort and security are more important than food in attachment
Attachment depends on reinforcement
Physical contact is unnecessary for attachment
Infants attach to caregivers who provide food
55
What is spontaneous recovery?
The disappearance of a conditioned response
A process in operant conditioning
The ability to discriminate between similar stimuli
The sudden return of a conditioned response after extinction
56
Lobe responsible for processing sounds (auditory cortex) and storing long term auditory memory.
parietal
occipital
frontal
temporal
57
Piaget's stages of cognitive development begin with which stage?
Concrete operational
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Formal operational
58
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
59
What is stimulus generalization?
When an organism learns to differentiate between stimuli
When a conditioned response spreads to similar stimuli
When a conditioned response disappears
When an organism ignores a conditioned stimulus
60
What is the key difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies?
Longitudinal studies compare different age groups
Cross-sectional studies look at one group over time
Longitudinal studies examine different people at the same time
Cross-sectional studies compare different age groups at one point in time
61
Which type of motor development involves large movements like walking?
Reflexes
Cognitive development
Fine motor skills
Gross motor skills
62
Which of the following is most consistent with the facial-feedback hypothesis?
Facial expressions reflect emotions but do not influence them
Cognitive labeling determines the intensity of emotions
Facial expressions can enhance or influence the experience of emotion
Emotional experiences are solely determined by cognitive factors
63
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
sensory memory
absolute threshold
64
My friend is having trouble walking in a straight line. What's damaged?
Broca's Area
cerebellum
thalamus
hypothalamus
65
What type of learning occurs when a person suddenly realizes a solution to a problem?
Insight learning
Latent learning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
66
Lobe responsible for touch sensations and perceiving spatial relationships.
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
frontal lobe
occipital lobe
67
What type of learning occurs but is not demonstrated until needed?
Operant conditioning
Latent learning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
68
Which of the following is NOT an example of a secondary reinforcer?
Trophies
Money
Praise
Food
69
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
spatial
logical-mathematical
musical
70
Which of the following is an example of a critical period in development?
Learning algebra in high school
Learning to tie your shoes
Developing language skills in early childhood
Memorizing facts for a test
71
What is the main difference between Piaget and Vygotsky?
Vygotsky emphasized social learning, Piaget emphasized independent learning
Vygotsky focused only on language development
Piaget emphasized social learning, Vygotsky emphasized independent learning
Piaget believed all learning occurs before age 10
72
An athlete performs better in a competitive setting with an audience compared to practicing alone. This shows
group polarization
social facilitation
groupthink
social loafing
73
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
74
Which is an example of negative punishment?
Ignoring bad behavior
Giving a reward for good grades
Taking away a toy after bad behavior
Spanking a child for misbehavior
75
A popular influencer endorses a brand of energy drinks, resulting in increased sales. This demonstrates
Door-in-the-face technique
Central route persuasion
Peripheral route persuasion
Foot-in-the-door technique
76
Which scenario supports the idea that physiological experiences precede cognitive appraisal in emotions?
A person feels their heart race and then recognizes they are afraid
A person consciously decides they are happy before smiling
A person analyzes their surroundings and then experiences a racing heart
A person ignores physiological cues when labeling their emotions
77
At a concert, a usually reserved person starts yelling and behaving recklessly due to the anonymity of the crowd.
deindividuation
social loafing
social facilitation
groupthink
78
Brain stem structure that controls breathing and heart rate.
amygdala
pons
medulla
cerebral cortex
79
Which of the following best describes assimilation?
Forgetting previously learned information
Changing a schema to fit new information
Fitting new information into an existing schema
Learning through scaffolding
80
Which attachment style is characterized by distress when a parent leaves and comfort upon return?
Anxious
Avoidant
Secure
Disorganized
81
What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Reinforcement only applies to rewards
Reinforcement increases behavior, punishment decreases it
Punishment is more effective than reinforcement
Reinforcement and punishment always decrease behavior
82
What is learned helplessness?
Learning that persistence leads to success
Mimicking behaviors seen in others
Learning without reinforcement
Giving up after repeated failure
83
What is an example of a variable-interval schedule?
Checking your email at random times throughout the day
Getting a free drink after buying 5 coffees
Getting paid every two weeks
Winning a prize for every 10th lottery ticket
84
Which of the following is
NOT
a major theme in developmental psychology?
Stability and change
Nature and nurture
Introversion and extroversion
Continuity and stages
85
Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned response (UCR)?
A dog sitting on command
A dog salivating when food is placed in its mouth
A dog barking at the doorbell
A dog salivating when hearing a bell
86
What is an example of positive reinforcement?
Losing privileges for talking back
Getting grounded for missing curfew
Taking painkillers to remove pain
Giving a child candy for good behavior
87
In classical conditioning, what is extinction?
The process of reinforcing a behavior
The sudden reappearance of a response
The disappearance of a conditioned response
Learning to associate a new stimulus
88
Which of the following illustrates the role of cognitive appraisal in emotions?
A person feels anxious b4 identifying the reason for their physical tension
A person smiles and automatically feels happy
A person reacts physiologically without interpreting the situation
A person experiences nervousness and labels it as excitement
89
In a meeting, everyone agrees on a risky decision because no one wants to disrupt the apparent consensus.
Social traps
Group polarization
False consensus effect
Groupthink
90
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
amount of time awake
91
Which parenting style is associated with the best developmental outcomes?
Authoritarian
Permissive
Authoritative
Neglectful
92
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply previously acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
episodic
crystallized
procedural
93
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the control group
the observational group
the experimental group
94
Which neurotransmitter is affected by antidepressant drugs, like Prozac?
endorphins
morphine
acetylcholine
serotonin
95
Neurotransmitter related to pleasure and motivation
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Endorphins
96
A decrease in leptin levels is most likely to result in:
Increased metabolic rate
Enhanced satiety signals and decreased food intake
Increased hunger and food intake
Suppressed appetite and reduced energy storage
97
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
98
Neurotransmitter related to pain and pleasure
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Endorphins
99
Lack of the neurotransmitter ACh (Acetylcholine) is most associated with which of the following diseases?
Depression
Schizophrenia
Alzheimer's
Parkinsons
100
According to the idea of semantic encoding, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
boat-goat
tree-bird
car-nose
