1.3- JUST SOUTH ASIA

The interaction of Islam and Hinduism in _____ dominated the political history of the era.

However, _____ provided some cultural unity throughout the region.

In 12th century some Hindus began to draw upon traditional teachings about importance of emotion in their spiritual life

For this reason, sultans had diffculty imposing their policies in a land as vast and diverse as India.

After ____that had dominated South Asia collapsed in 550, Golden Age or Classical Era ended & disunity returned 1000 yrs

___ temples and artwork are replete with pictures of deities, while __ disapprove of any visual representation of Allah.

the official language of Pakistan.

Bringing ____ into India, the ____ reigned for 300 years, from the 1th through the 16th centuries.

While obviously inequitable, the caste system lent stability to a _____ land.

___ recognize several sacred texts, while __ look to only the Quran for spiritual guidance.

This in India was like Christianity in the Roman Empire. Both appealed to the people who suffered the most

Just as the Sufis helped spread Islam, the Bhaktis helped spread _______.

Rather than emphasize studying texts or performing rituals, focused on developing strong attachment to one deity.

People in ____ and the ____ shared their intellectual and cultural achievements with each other.

Each attack disrupted a region that had been mostly _____. Over time, the ____ presence in the region grew:

__ was associated with a hierarchical caste system, while __ has always called for the equality of all believers.

In India, sultans erected buildings melding intricate artistic details of ____ art with the geometric patterns by ___

Sultans wanted to control south. However, they became focused on defending themselves from the northwest ______.

These _____ based on job operated like workers’ guilds, soon becoming absorbed into the social fabric of Indian society.

Throughout its reign, the Delhi Sultanate had an ______ (unlike the Chinese)

While _____ protected India from invasions from north & east, mountain passes in the northwest allowed invasions by ____

_____ astronomers and mathematicians added to the body of knowledge begun by their Indian counterparts.

Because they placed less emphasis on strict adherence to traditional rituals&beliefs, each appealed to people outside

___ initially entered India forcefully yet eventually took on a more peaceful approach.

largest number of Islam converts were __. Corruption among monks&monastery raids by early Muslims left it disorganized

melded grammar of Hindi (language of Northern Indians)&the vocabulary of Arabic&some elements of Farsi (Persian)

Its emphasis on equality of all believers attracted low-caste ___ who hoped it would improve their social status

In addition, they erected mosques on _____ holy sites---much to the anger of followers of those faiths.

In ____, women enjoyed more independence before the arrival of Islam. This pattern continued as people became Muslims.

The Delhi Sultanate prevented the ____ themselves from conquering South Asia.

Rulers from ____ built an elaborate mosque on top of a __ temple & used materials for the mosque from nearby __ shrines

existed from the mid-100s until the mid-1500s, when a group of Muslim kingdoms overthrew it.

When brothers left Delhi Sultanate, they embraced the religion of their birth and established their own Hindu kingdom

One obvious function is its presence as a symbol of Islamic influence and dominance of northern India.

In the 8th century, Islamic armies invaded what is today ____.

The spread of Islam helped make _____ a minority religion in its place of birth.

Both mystical movements that emphasized inner reflection in order to achieve a direct personal relationship with 1 deity

In addition, the Rajput princes skillfully wielded their power to limit the ____ conquerors’ influence.

__ was associated with a hierarchical caste system, while __ has always called for the equality of all believers.

converts in South&Southeast Asia found ways to accommodate a new faith, but most people did not ____ in the process.

The first kingdom, _____, reigned over southern India for more than 400 years 850-1267.

Though the bhaktis were Hindus, they were similar in some ways to

began in southern India. Appealed to many because it didn't discriminate against women or people of low social caste

While some _____ converted to Islam, others resented Muslims and considered them foreigners.

Islam was a ___, one that wanted to ___, or actively seek converts. Muslim rulers found this unsuccessful in India

In South Asia, ______ women were confined to a separate social sphere, and _____ women received similar treatment.

The city of Delhi is filled with examples of ___ architecture built during the ___. One famous example: ________

The arrival of ______ did little to alter the basic structure of society in South Asia.

The ____ was flexible and able to accommodate newcomers.

Because of competitive clans, no __ arose, once again demonstrating the diversity and the regionalism of South Asia

_____ merchants&migrants, though not Hindu, found a place for themselves within the caste hierarchy based on their job

The low-caste _____ who converted to Islam as a way to improve their social status usually did not achieve that goal.

Many ___ ____ in the Indian Ocean trade moved to Indian port cities and married. Their wives usually converted.

During the 11th century: it extended its rule to Ceylon, the large island just south of India. (Today: Sri Lanka.)

was only occasionally united as a single state in its history.

People required more education&job opportunities, not just a new religion, to help them escape their ___ in life

Most converts came to ______ voluntarily in India

It began with arrival of two brothers, Harihara&Bukka, from Delhi Sultanate in north India to expand Delhi Sultanate

___ developments in algebra and geometry were translated into Arabic, and spread throughout Dar al-Islam.

They brought little change to everyday life. Located on the eastern fringes of 1.2, the region was isolated

One factor contributing resentment was the Delhi Sultanate imposed a tax, ____, on all non-______ subjects

In the early 13th century, ____ forces managed to conquer the city of Delhi and much of northern portion of South Asia.

India’s ____ is its strongest historical continuity.

____ was more stable than ___

Hindus pray to many gods, while ____ is strictly monotheistic.

Before the arrival of Islam, most South Asians practiced __, while a smaller number identifed themselves as ___.

relationship between __ shaped the history of South Asia beginning in 7th century, and it continues to shape it today

The lack of a ___ left the kingdoms vulnerable to Muslim attacks.

Towering over the mosque is the ____ itself, a gigantic leaning tower, the tallest structure in India today.

However, in 1526, the sultans lost power to a new empire, _____, whose leaders did trace their ancestry to the Mongols.

These brothers had been born as Hindus and converted to Islam for the sake of upward mobility.

In the 11th century, ____ forces plundered northern India’s ___ temples and ____ shrines for their riches.

Result of movement of ideas was the numeral system referred to in the West as “Arabic numerals,” which originated in ___

formed in __ and present-day Pakistan. Hindu kingdoms led numerous clans who were often at war with each other

As _____ spread, ____ varied how they applied its core teachings, depending on their culture before converting.

Despite strong Islamic presence, local kingdoms continued to play a major role in India’s _____

Many people combined their ___ with adherence to the same scriptures and core beliefs respected throughout the region