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2020 Spring Exam 1 Review (1,2,3,5) Flashcards | StudBud
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2020 Spring Exam 1 Review (1,2,3,5)
2020 Spring Exam 1 Review (1,2,3,5)
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1
All of the following statements are accurate regarding language, EXCEPT for which one?
language allows culture to exist
Language is the primary method people use to communicate with one another
Language is a series of symbols that can be strung together infinitely
Language is universal in terms of the meaning of particular sounds
2
A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results is:
survey research
methodological conundrum
value neutrality
subjectivity
3
Which theoretical perspective is most likely to use the analogy of the human body to illustrate how society works?
symbolic interactionism
feminism
Conflict theory
functionalism
4
What occurs in Lawrence Kohlberg’s conventional level?
Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral
Parental beliefs have no influence on children’s morality
Children develop the ability to have abstract thoughts
Morality is developed by pain and pleasure
5
Sociology
is defined as the:
Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon
Quantitative analysis of social transgressions
Theoretical examination of life’s origins
Systematic study of society and social interaction
6
Sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe ________.
expressions of disapproval for violating socially acceptable behavior
ideas about what is true or false
expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values
standards by which people define what is socially desirable
7
Peer groups are important to adolescents because:
All of the other answers are correct
They (can)rank higher in importance to adolescents’ than parental influence
They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents’ parents
They provide the second major socialization experience outside the family
8
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the sociological definition of a society?
shared culture
people living in the same geographical area
regular interaction
people who all speak the same language
9
According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact?
a custom
a law
A religious belief
all of the other answer choices are social facts
10
The biggest difference between mores and folkways is that
mores are linked to morality; folkways are linked to what is commonplace
mores refer to nonmaterial culture; folkways refer to material culture
mores refer to material culture; folkways refer to nonmaterial culture
mores are absolute, whereas folkways are temporary
11
See the pic
social welfare
social Darwinism
positivism
post-modernism
12
The pollution that cars leak into the atmosphere is an example of a _____________
latent function
allocation function
manifest function
dysfunction
13
Which of the following research approaches is best suited to the scientific method?
ethnography
case study
unstructured interviews
survey questionnaire
14
Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality?
Lawrence Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
Carol Gilligan
Erik Erikson
15
Which sociological approach to education is most likely to focus on the ways education perpetuates forms of inequality?
conflict theory
symbolic interactionism
structural functionalism
rational choice theory
16
Surveying the religious affiliation of Americans as a whole is an example of _____________
macro-sociology
micro-sociology
figurational sociology
conflict sociology
17
Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public’s perception of World War II.
primary data
interactive data
secondary data
tertiary data
18
According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is to _______
help integrate a troubled patient into the outside world
radically alter a person’s personality or behavior
give a person greater choices about how to live
encourage lifelong learning in a supervised context
19
A car’s use for transportation is an example of its ____function, while using a car for storage is an example of a _____
manifest; participatory
manifest; storage
latent; manifest
manifest; latent
20
Which of the following people coined the term
positivism
, and is widely considered the father of sociology?
Karl Marx
Max Weber
Émile Durkheim
Auguste Comte
21
Which of the following is true regarding U.S. socialization of recent high school graduates?
They are expected to take a year “off” before college
They are required to serve in the military for one year
They're expected to enter college or the workforce shortly after graduation
They are required to move away from their parents
22
Education is important to society because:
It teaches children facts about the world in which they live
All of the other answers are correct
It teaches children how to react to authority and how to behave
It teaches children how to interact with their peers
23
Mead claimed that the origin of the self is found in _______
genetics
social experience
the functioning of the brain
biological drives
24
A hypothesis can be defined as:
Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline
A testable proposition
An attempt to explain large-scale relationships
A way to explain different aspects of social interactions
25
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the influences of a total institution
the hidden curriculum of schools
the influences of one's peer group
the generalized other
26
Alona is examining the impact football on school spirit by distributing surveys to classes. She is employing a ___method
Qualitative
logos
quantitative
pathos
27
The Harlows’ study on rhesus monkeys showed that:
food is more important than social comfort
social comfort is more important than food
rhesus monkeys raised by other primate species are poorly socialized
monkeys can be adequately socialized by imitating humans
28
Capitalism as an idea represents _____ culture, while the cars produced by capitalist companies represents ____ culture
counterculture; material
non-material; material
a universal; material
material; non-material
29
Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal?
Putting your cell phone on silent during a Broadway production
Marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you
incest taboos
Holding hands with your best friend
30
Which sociologist developed the concept of double consciousness?
Ida B. Wells
WEB DuBois
Max Weber
Emile Durkheim
31
See pic:
validity
interpretation
reliability
literacy
32
Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method?
Receive corroboration from the field
Formulate a hypothesis
Research existing sources
Report your results
33
See pic:
The Authority Effect
The Hawthorne Effect
The Cognizant Effect
The Regressive Effect
34
The belief that one’s own culture is superior to other cultures is called:
imperialism
xenocentrism
ethnocentrism
nationalism
35
The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography (the Sociological Imagination):
Herbert Spencer
Emile Durkheim
C. Wright Mills
Talcott Parsons
36
Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?
The yuppie craze in the 1980’s
The hippie movement in the 1960’s
The Kardashian obsession in the 2010’s
The disco invasion in the 1970’s
37
In order to understand the pledging process at her university for her thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority.
participant observation
literature review
secondary data analysis
dependent variables
38
Which of the following is a manifest function of schools?
Knowing locker room etiquette
Following a schedule
Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent
Learning to read and write
39
An example of high culture is ___________, whereas an example of popular culture would be ____________.
American Idol; films from the Sundance festival
political theory; sociological theory
Dostoevsky style in film; the National Football League
country music; pop music
40
See image
a degradation ceremony
a graduation ceremony
An entry test that must be passed
an exit test that must be passed
41
____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes:
Emile Durkeheim
Max Weber
Auguste Comte
Karl Marx
42
The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior is:
Figuration
Dynamic equilibrium
Dramaturgical Analysis
Latent Functions
43
Which set of data-gathering methods best represent qualitative sociology?
Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants.
Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming
In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources
Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences.
44
See pic:
survey
ethnography
experiment
secondary data analysis
45
See the pic
conflict theory
functionalism
ethnocentrism
symbolic interactionism
46
See the pic
public sociology; culture shock
value contradiction; value cluster
culture shock; cultural diffusion
ethnocentrism; cultural relativism
47
Max Weber, in contrast to positivists, called for a sociology interested in a deep understanding of its subjects, called
ethnography
verstehen
case studies
schadenfreude
48
See the pic
real culture; symbolic culture
unrealistic culture; realistic culture
ideal culture; real culture
material culture; symbolic culture
49
The process by which technology changes more quickly than legal and cultural systems is called _________.
Multiculturalism
Cultural Leveling
Globalization
Cultural Lag
50
Many married couples met while they were in high school or college. This is an example of education's ______ functions
latent
cunjunction
dysfunctional
manifest
51
See image:
symbolic interactionism
conflict
structural functionalism
feminist theory
52
Émile Durkheim’s study of suicide is important to sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was:
It earned Émile Durkheim the title “Father of Sociology”
It showed the psychological reasons for suicide to be a lie
It allowed psychology and sociology to merge into one field
It defined the differences between sociology and psychology
53
A measurement is considered ______ if it actually measures what it is intended to measure, according to the study topic.
reliable
valid
socological
quantitative
54
Using secondary data is considered an unobtrusive or ________ research method
nonparticipatory
nonconfrontive
nonreactive
nonrestrictive
55
Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society?
conflict theorists and structural functionalists
symbolic interactionists and structural functionalists
symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists
conflict theorists and symbolic interactionists
56
A group has a distinctive culture, but its values and norms are not at odds with the larger culture. This is a(n):
counterculture
example of cultural diffusion
subculture
example of cultural relativism
57
From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person’s socialization?
Blood type
race
gender
social class
58
What is the importance of the interpretive framework?
It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant’s social world
It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions
It eliminates the need for a literature review.
It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships
59
According to Robert Merton, ________ are the intended beneficial consequences of social institutions.
latent dysfunctions
latent functions
manifest dysfunctions
manifest functions
60
Positive and negative (and formal and informal) sanctions can also be viewed as ways that society:
determines language
determines laws
establishes leaders
regulates behavior
61
Mead used the concept “generalized other” to refer to _______
important individuals in the child’s life
a person who provides complete care for a child
any “significant other.”
widespread cultural norms and values people take as their own
62
Pieces of material culture that identify a person as occupying a particular status are referred to as ________.
inherited status
status symbols
achieved master status
ascribed master status
63
What term can be described as,"specific, measurable explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study"?
conceptualization
validity
primary data
operational definition
64
See the pic
ideal culture
cultural imperialism
behavioral normativity
material culture
65
Please define C. Wright Mill’s
sociological imagination
.
How individuals make connections between biography, structure, and history
A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams
The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics
The theory that man evolved slowly over time
66
See pic:
cultural relativism
ethnocentrism
culture shock
stereotyping
67
Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization?
School
Mass media
Family
workplace
68
See the pic
cultural imperialism
material culture
culture shock
xenocentrism
69
See pic:
A governmental agency like Health and Social Services
a private hospital
a corporation that owns several fast food chains
a nonprofit health organization
70
See pic:
field research
secondary data analysis
surveys
experiment
71
George Herbert Mead’s specific path of development for individuals is as follows:
Generalized other stage, preparatory stage, play stage
game stage, play stage, generalized other stage
Game stage, play stage, generalized other stage
imitation stage, play stage, game stage
72
In the nature versus nurture debate, sociologists claim that _______
nature is far more important than nurture
neither nature nor nurture creates the essence of our humanity
nurture is far more important than nature
nature and nurture have equal importance
73
See pic:
Control group
Independent variable
Experimental group
Dependent Variable
74
The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can be explained by:
ethnographic imagery
bilingualism
the Sapir-Wharf hypothesis
linguistics
75
Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?
Observing study participants without their consent
Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict
Using a control group and an experimental group during observation
Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment
76
Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a:
Positive informal sanction
Negative informal sanction
Positive formal sanction
Negative formal sanction
77
Which data-gathering method would a sociologist use to gather quantitative data?
an unstructured interview
a series of observations of public behavior
a large survey
a literature search
78
Symbols that can be strung together in an infinite number of ways for the purpose of communicating abstract thought:
gesture
pattern
technology
language
79
Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that certain populations are excluded.
structural functionalism
symbolic interactionism
the conflict perspective
behaviorism
80
A setting where a staff tries to radically change someone’s personality through carefully controlling the environment is
a degradation ceremony
a total institution
an anticipatory social center
a cohort community
81
The sociologist who identified ten underlying core values of American society was ________.
Edward Wilson
Michael Burawoy
John Jacob Natzke
Robin Williams
82
Patterns of child-rearing vary by class. Lower-class parents generally stress ___, while middle class parents stress ___
creativity; obedience
independence; dependence
independence; protecting children
obedience; creativity
83
A statement that describes how variables are expected to be related to one another,according to predictions from theory:
primary function
correlation
secondary prediction
hypothesis
84
Receiving the Medal of Honor and making the Dean's List are both examples of ________.
value clusters
positive sanctions
folkways
value contradictions