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Biology Semester A Final Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Biology Semester A Final Review
Biology Semester A Final Review
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1
What type of solution will cause a cell to swell?
Tonic water
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
2
when does the founder effect occur?
new colony is started by members of the original population
Gene flow between two previously separated populations
small populations become isolated
a large population is able to move into a new environment
3
Nucleic Acid's primary function is to
Long Term Energy Storage
Store and Transmit Genetic Information
Quick energy
Corrode the Nucleus
4
When an egg and sperm fuse together what is the new cell called?
haploid
gamete
zygote
body
5
The energy for photosynthesis comes from..
The soil
The sun
The sky
The air
6
Which step of cellular respiration generates the most ATP?
electron transport chain
glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
fermentation
7
bottlenecks occur due to:
all of the above
natural disasters
habitat destruction
hunting
8
By the end of transcription what has been made?
Protein
Ribose
Strand of mRNA
Strand of DNA
9
All living things are made of ___.
Tissues
Organelles
Organs
Cells
10
What is the end product of translation?
Strand of tRNA
Protein
Strand of mRNA
Strand of DNA
11
Enzymes are a _______, which________.
lipid, make cell membranes
lipid, store energy
protein, carry chemical messages
protein, speed up reactions
12
What are Haploid cells ?
body cells
cells that contain both sets of homologous chromosomes
cells with a single set of chromosomes
cells with tetrads
13
DNA that is loosely coiled and not in chromosome form is called...
Spindles
Microtubules
Centromere
Chromatin
14
Which is the phenotype ratio?
75% Blue; 25% brown
50% Blue; 50% brown
25% Blue; 75% brown
25% Blue; 25% brown
15
These are the building blocks of Macromolecules
Nucleic Acids
Monomers
Solutions
Compounds
16
Which of the following best describes the CENTRAL DOGMA of Molecular Biology?
DNA → RNA → protein
Amino acids → protein
Nucleus → cytoplasm
Nucleolus → ribosomes
17
What percetage of offspring are heterozygous?
0
25
75
50
18
Which cell part conducts cellular respiration?
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
19
Amino acid is to protein, as ______ is to nucleic acid.
Lipids
Nucleotide
Monosaccharide
Carbohydrate
20
Plants make food during photosynthesis, the food molecule is called...
Maltose
Fructose
Glucose
Sucrose
21
What does ATP stand for?
Adenine Diphosphate
Adenine Tocopherol
Adenosine Triphosphate
Adding Three Phosphates
22
In meiosis homologous chromosomes can exchange genes referred to as?
cell cycle
crossing over
meiosis
fertilization
23
These are the thin "threadlike" structures that pull the chromatids apart during mitosis.
Anaphase
Chromatid
Centromere
Spindles
24
The genetic make-up of an individual is called the ___________.
phenotype
archetype
genotype
stereotype
25
Place the following types of stem cells in order at which they occur
Totipotent, Pluripotent, Multipotent
Pluripotent, Multipotent, Totipotent
Totipotent, Multipotent, Pluripotent
Multipotent, Totipotent, Pluripotent
26
Through which process are molecules moving from a high concentration to a low concentration?
Osmosis
Exocytosis
Diffusion
Endocytosis
27
What type of solution will cause the cell to remain the same size?
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic
28
Which structure carries information from nucleus to the ribosome?
codon
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
29
Nucleic acids...
store genetic information
are burned for energy
make cell membranes
increase chemical reactions
30
Organic compounds must contain this element in their structure
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Phosphorous
31
Plants are
Decomposers
Consumers
Producers
Secondary Consumers
32
Uracil is found in what nucleic acid?
D-Nice
Urase
RNA
DNA
33
Where does the process of glycolysis occur?
cytosol (cytoplasm)
inner membrane of the mitochondria
outer membrane of the mitochondria
matrix of the mitochondria
34
What percetage of offspring are white?
50
75
0
25
35
What is the end result of meiosis?
4 haploid gamete cells
2 identical daughter cells
4 diploid gamete cells
4 identical daughter cells
36
Which does NOT occur during mitosis?
sister chromatids separate
chromosomes line up in the middle
formation of the spindle fibers
replication of the DNA
37
What structure carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis?
rRNA
tRNA
mRNA
38
What is the
process
of an egg and sperm joining together?
growth
fertilization
meiosis
mitosis
39
What is the diploid number of chromosomes in human cells?
23
92
46
60
40
____________ occur(s) when neither allele is dominant over the other, and both are seen in different parts of the body.
Sex-linked traits
Polygenic traits
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
41
In DNA, Adenine always connects with?
Thysine
Thymine
Thyroxine
Thyrimidine
42
Which gas do plants need for photosynthesis?
Nitrogen
Carbon Monoxide
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
43
________________ is when an individual is observed to have an "intermediate" or "blended" phenotype.
codominance
incomplete dominance
complete dominance
polygenic traits
44
In biology, a change in an organism's DNA is called...
Transcription
Mutagen
Mutation
Translation
45
why is mitosis important
cell reproduction
cells are able to reproduce and heal injuries
because you have to know it in highschool
it is required
46
ATP is one of the products of glycolysis, what is another?
pyruvate
H20
CO2
oxygen
47
Enzymes...
have nothing to do with chemical reactions
increase the rate of reaction
slow down the rate of a reaction
keep the reaction going at a constant rate
48
Something that causes a mutation is called a...
Carcinogen
Pathogen
Mutagen
Antigen
49
Carbs are better known as...
sugars and starches
DNA and RNA
fats and oils
meat and beans
50
What type of cells are made from meiosis?
zygote cell
diploid cell
body cells
gamete cells
51
Which of these provides extra support for plant cells?
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
Flagella
Cell Wall
52
How does mitosis differ from meiosis?
Mitosis requires cytokinesis; meiosis does not.
Mitosis makes gametes, while meiosis makes offspring cells.
Mitosis makes gametes and meiosis makes zygotes.
Meiosis makes haploid cells; mitosis makes diploid cells.
53
What does it mean for a cell to be specialized?
It can kill cancer cells
It has a specific job
It is cancerous
It can become any cell type
54
The endoplasmic reticulum can sometimes have these attached to its walls.
Ribosome
Vacuole
Protiens
Lysosome
55
What are the monomers of a carbohydrate?
nitrogenous bases
monosaccharides
proteins
fatty acids
56
Which of the following is a concept of the cell theory?
Organelles are the basic functional unit of life.
Cells are the basic structural unit of life.
Tissues are the site of control.
Cells are immortal
57
What type of solution will cause a cell to shrink?
Hypertonic
Isotonic
Hypotonic
58
___________ traits are traits controlled by multiple genes.
Omnichromosomal
Polygenic
Multigenic
Monogenic
59
Viruses are living organisms.
False
True
60
There are usually 46 chromosomes in a human ____ cell.
sperm
egg
diploid
haploid
61
How many chromosomes do human parents donate to their children?
92
48
23
60
62
What must an organism do in order to produce ATP?
Consume and break down food (macromolecules)
Release waste to the environment
Exercise
Spend time in the sun
63
Cells that have not yet differentiated or specialized
Stem Cells
Bone Marrow
Plasma
Zygote
64
Can viruses reproduce independently?
No, they need a host cell.
Yes, they can.
65
What occurs after mitosis?
the cytoplasm of the cell undergoes division
the cell stops growing forever
the original cell dies
four identical daughter cells are formed
66
A group of 3 nucleotide bases on mRNA is a
codon
amino acid
protein
anticodon
67
Which type of stem cell can become any type of cell in the body?
Pluripotent
Multipotent
Totipotent
68
Macromolecules that end in the suffix -ose are most likely a...
Carbohydrate
Nucleic Acid
Protein
Enzyme
69
What is the green pigment in plants called?
Emerald
Chlorophyll
Chloroplast
Chlorine
70
The process of RNA polymerase making mRNA from DNA is called?
Transfusion
Translation
Transcription
Transposition
71
Where do sister chromatids attach to each other?
Microtubules
Chromatid
Chromosomes
Centromere
72
What type of cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
4 diploid daughter cells
4 haploid daughter cells
2 diploid daughter cells
2 haploid daughter cells
73
How does bottleneck effect the genetic diversity of a population (increase, decrease, or none)
Adds 3
No change
Increase
Decrease
74
The observed trait, or physical appearance of an individual is called the ____________.
stereotype
phenotype
archetype
genotype
75
What type of cell is found in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst?
Totipotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent
76
During what phase do homologous chromosomes line up at the equator?
prophase 1
metaphase 1
anaphase 1
metaphase 2
77
Which organelle serves as another packaging system for the cell?
Choroplast
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
Golgi Body
78
The proportion of an allele in a population or genepool
environmental pressure
mutation
evolution
allele frequency
79
The smallest living things are
organ systems
tissues
proteins
cells
80
Humans become ill from a virus when....
C. We always get sick when they enter
Both A and B
B. There are too many viruses to defend against
A. Our immune system doesn't fight
81
Which trait is recessive?
Brown eyes
Red hair
Blue eyes
bb
82
What is the location for translation?
mitochondria
nucleus
ribosome
nucleolus
83
During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
prophase I
metaphase I
prophase II
metaphase II
84
an effect of mutation is...
genetic drift
limited variation
alleles could be lost
increased variation
