Chapter 22: Respiratory System

Located in the pleural cavities, Take up most of the thoracic cavity, subdivided into lobes.

What is the major regulator of respirations

These chemoreceptors sense carbon dioxide , hydrogen ions. Part of the Medulla oblongata.

Difficulty in breathing relieved by sitting up

Which of these is not a lobe in the left lung

Movement of air into and out of the lungs

This abnormal positioning of the septum is called

Abnormally low concentration of O2 in the blood

This conducts air to right bronchus and left bronchus

Lung wants to return to unstretched shape, what is this phenomenon called?

Which of these are considered part of the upper respiratory tract?

the trachea splits or bifurcates at a point called the

That is, the volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration

Temporary cessation of breathing

Abnormally high concentration of CO2 in the blood

Either of the two main branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs

Which of these is not part of the Lower respiratory tract

What is one respiratory cycle?

Large, soft, cone-shaped organs; contain structures of lower respiratory tract

Attraction between polar water molecules this increases ________ within Alveoli.

The nasal cavities are separated into right and left halves by a portion called

each lung and the inner chest wall are lined with a continuous serous membrane called

These Warm, moisturize, and conduct air

The internal portion of the nose that forms part of the face

Conduct air to bronchioles

Rapid breathing

Between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura is a space called

This conducts air to lower structures

are detergent-like lipoproteins that decrease surface tension

These prevent the trachea from collapsing

Air enters the nasal cavities through two openings called

What are the factor(s) that oppose lung expansion

this is the breathing out phase

also called inspiration, is the breathing in phase

the maximal amount of additional air that can be drawn into the lungs by determined effort

(true or false) The right lung has two lobs

are folds of tissue composed of muscle and elastic ligaments covered by a mucous membrane

During inhalation muscles contract to increase_______,and intrathoracic pressure ______

Innervated by phrenic nerve, chief muscle(s) of inhalation.

It begins at the bottom of the larynx, and ends at the carina, where it branches

This vibrates vocal cords, produces sound, and conducts air to lower structures

Respiratory muscles relax to_______, As this happens intrathoracic pressure _______.

The amount of pressure each gas contributes is called

Also called your voice box is located between the pharynx and trachea

This is the wind pipe, is a tube 4 to 5 inches long and 1 inch in diameter

If a knife is thrust into the pleurae what is lost and what happens to the lungs

is the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration.

70% of CO2 is transported as....

Pneumotaxic center and Apneustic center

another cartilaginous structure, located at the top of the larynx, covers opening of trachea

Almost all O2 transported as

________ from alveolar cells decrease surface tension

The introduction of air into the intrapleural space and collapse of the lung

20% of CO2 is transported as......

O2 moves into blood

The membrane lining chest wall is called

Increase in rate and depth

The normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation

Maximal exhalation following maximal inhalation

Small grapelike structures; air sacs that exchange O2 and CO2

Or throat, is located behind the oral cavity and between the nasal cavities and the larynx

Which of these factor(s) promotes lung expansion

Normal, quiet breathing

These are small ducts end in very small, grapelike structures called

The lower portion of the Pharynx

The bronchi divide repeatedly into smaller tubes called

Decrease in rate and depth

Abnormally low concentration of CO2 in the blood

The membrane on the surface of each lung itself

Controls basic breathing rhythm

10% of CO2 is transported as.....

The center portion of the Pharynx

_____ pressure allows the lung to expand. It overcomes elastic recoil and surface tension

the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the most forcible expiration possible

Smooth muscle determines diameter, regulates air flow to the alveoli

The upper portion of the Pharynx

Innervated by intercostal nerves, these contract to move the rib cage