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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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1
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
linguistic heuristics
syntax
phonemes
2
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
surprise
happiness
fear
3
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a hallucinogen
a narcotic
an amphetamine
a sedative
4
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
acetylcholine
endorphin
serotonin
dopamine
5
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
bipolar disorder
conversion disorder
panic disorder
6
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
poor police protection
the personal qualities of the residents
crowded living conditions
job discrimination experienced by the residents
7
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
cerebellum
limbic system
brainstem
8
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scores
test norms
test scales
test levels
9
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
alpha
beta
delta
gamma
10
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
systematic hypothesis testing
physical interaction
logical reasoning
abstract operations
11
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
been dreaming
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
12
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
13
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
14
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
15
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
latent learning
16
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
functionalism
psychoanalysis
behaviorism
17
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
activation-synthesis theory
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
18
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
19
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an internal attribution
an external attribution
a situational attribution
a distinctive attribution
20
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
deindividuation
group polarization
conformity
social loafing
21
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
the principle of collectivism
display rules
the law of cognitive dissonance
22
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
23
Framing refers to...
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting irrelevant information
24
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
25
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
percentiles
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
means
26
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
27
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
ESB
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
tumor ligation
28
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
a personality test
an achievement test
29
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
compensation
displacement
fixation
regression
30
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
change
pressure
frustration
conflict
31
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
32
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
33
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
anxiety
mood
schizophrenic
personality
34
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the experimental group
the correlational group
the control group
the observational group
35
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
iris
lens
cornea
36
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
37
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
hallucinations
obsessions
illusions
delusions
38
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
stage 1
REM
stage 4
39
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
40
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
41
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves
42
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
ablated
retrieved
encoded
43
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
thyroid gland
pancreas
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
44
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
45
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
avoidance
repression
46
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
salivation
light
food/meat powder
47
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
car-nose
boat-goat
fill-feed
tree-bird
48
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
49
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
availability heuristic
50
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
cochlea
stirrup
temporal lobe
oval window
51
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
physiological recordings
questionnaires
psychological tests
52
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
remain in continuous sleep
53
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
timbre
loudness
pitch
decibels
54
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
cognitive structuring
cultural direction
schematizing
55
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
resistance to pain
hallucinations
56
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
pineal gland
57
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
strange situation
shared inhibition
secure-avoidant
58
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
anal
genital
latency
59
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a contravened stereotype
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a heuristic observation
60
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
61
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
62
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
genetic influences on IQ
a variety of environmental factors
63
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
alcohol
cannabis
narcotics
64
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
systematic desensitization
psychotherapy
aversion therapy
avoidance therapy
65
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
66
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
midpoint
mean
mode
67
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
attachment
temperament
personality
behavioral quality
68
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
musical
mechanical
logical-mathemathical
spatial
69
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
70
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
71
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
conservation
centration
egocentrism
reversibility
72
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
sequential
time of testing
cross-sectional
longitundinal
73
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
reinforcement
74
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
insomnia
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
75
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
observational learning
76
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
groupthink
cognitive dissonance
obedience
conformity
77
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
drive theory
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
instinct theory
78
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
endocrine system
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
79
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
extinction
unconditioning
80
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
brightness
color
light purity
81
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
the autonomic nervous system
feeding
the endocrine system
82
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
give cookie
cookie
i wanted a cookie
83
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
episodic memories
84
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
basis for performing pro-social behavior
halo effect in aggression
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
85
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
the internal state causes the facial expression
86
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
intelligence
creativity
reasoning
87
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; personality
88
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
functionalism
attributionism
collectivism
individualism
89
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
attributions
stereotypes
self-serving bias
prejudices
90
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
representativeness
consistency
predictability
91
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalopedal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
92
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
heroin
mescaline
marijuana
cocaine
93
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
high in neuroticism
low in extraversion
low in openness
94
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
positive reinforcement
escape learning
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
95
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
step-wise conditioning
selection
stimulus discrimination
96
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological instability
physiological stability
psychological stability
psychological instability
97
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
cortex
location of injury
spinal cord
98
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he's just like his father
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
99
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
schema
chunk
semantic network
script
100
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
an obsession
a phobia
a compulsion
a delusion
101
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
postconventional
conventional
preconventional
concrete
102
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Sperry's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
103
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
similiarity
symmetry
constancy
104
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
overextension
metalinguistic awareness
semantic slanting
fast-mapping
105
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
106
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a social psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a clinical psychologist
107
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
108
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
109
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
content validity
criterion-related validity
predictive validity
standardized validity
110
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
action potentials
antagonists
agonists
111
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
112
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
hearing a sound
moving a part of his body
113
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
tie shoe laces
sing a song
fear the dark
print letters
114
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
loud noise
rat
rabbit
115
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
fluid
crystallized
episodic
116
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
absolute
construct
content
criterion-related
117
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
118
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
perception
hypnosis
sensation
consciousness
119
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
120
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
121
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
excessive guilt
aggressiveness
manipulative behavior
122
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
marital problems
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
anxiety disorders
123
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
124
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
intelligence
mentalism
cognition
125
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
sciatic receptors
olfactory cilia
smell buds
126
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
G. Stanley Hall
Wilhelm Wundt
Rene Decartes
William James
127
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
behavioral
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
128
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
subliminal perception
129
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
complete retrieval failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
130
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
processing
perception
sensation
131
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were put into a simulated prison
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
132
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
state-dependent learning
133
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
sensory
short-term
long-term
134
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recognition
recall
relearning
135
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender stereotypes
gender differences
gender roles
136
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
137
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
opiates
prenatals
pathogens
138
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
exposure to light
amount of time awake
139
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
investment differentiations
parental investments
social scripts
display rules
140
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
post-conventional moral reasoning
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
development of secondary sex characteristics
formal operations
141
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
mental age
a potential score
a percentile score
142
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
143
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
144
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
computerized tomography
electrographic tomography
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
145
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
behavior
the unconscious
conscious experience
146
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
mnemonic
morphemic
phonemic
platonic
