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Exam Review 2024 Flashcards | StudBud
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Exam Review 2024
Exam Review 2024
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1
The Thirty Years' War began as a conflict between:
Sweden and Russia
France and Spain
Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire
England and Scotland
2
Who led the Parliamentary forces during the English Civil War?
William I
Charles I
James I
Oliver Cromwell
3
Charles V ruled over which empire?
England
The Ottoman Empire
France
The Holy Roman Empire
4
The Peace of Westphalia (1648) ended:
The War of the Roses
The French Wars of Religion
The Thirty Years' War
The Spanish Armada's dominance
5
What was the role of the intendants in France under Louis XIV?
They advised the king on religious matters
They served as local military commanders
They were royal agents who enforced the king’s policies in provinces
They managed foreign policy
6
The "new monarchs" of the Renaissance sought to consolidate power by:
Encouraging religious toleration
Supporting local nobility
Abolishing taxes
Centralizing state authority
7
What was the Reconquista?
A religious reform movement
The expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain
A series of French invasions of England
The unification of Italy
8
What does the term "Renaissance" mean?
Revival
Enlightenment
Restart
Revolution
9
The development of constitutionalism in England was influenced by which political philosopher?
Thomas Hobbs
John Locke
Niccolò Machiavelli
Voltaire
10
Colonies were important under mercantilism because they:
Were granted full independence
Provided raw materials and markets for the mother country
Promoted industrial growth within the colonies
Served as centers for military training
11
The sale of indulgences was controversial because it:
Allowed laypeople to interpret the Bible
Claimed to reduce time in purgatory in exchange for money
Supported Protestant teachings
Opposed papal authority
12
The Triangular Trade was an example of:
Mercantilist economic practices
Constitutional reforms
Enlightenment thinking
Absolute monarchy in action
13
The scientific method, emphasizing observation and experimentation, was first developed by:
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Francis Bacon
René Descartes
14
The heliocentric theory, which posited that the Earth revolved around the Sun, was proposed by:
Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
15
Which of the following was a key goal of mercantilist policies?
Accumulation of gold and silver
Decrease in exports
Free trade agreements
Increase in imports
16
The work of scientists during the Scientific Revolution challenged:
The practice of astrology
The authority of the Catholic Church and traditional views of the universe
The concept of a flat Earth
The development of the printing press
17
The Peace of Augsburg (1555) allowed German princes to:
Choose either Lutheranism or Catholicism for their territories
Expel the Jesuits from their regions
Declare independence from the Holy Roman Empire
Adopt Calvinism as an official religion
18
The transatlantic slave trade expanded significantly as a result of:
The need for labor on sugar and tobacco plantations
European alliances with African kingdoms
The Treaty of Westphalia
The Protestant Reformation
19
Renaissance art differed from medieval art in its emphasis on:
Realism and perspective
Abstract forms
Iconography
Religious themes
20
What action by Charles I led to the outbreak of the English Civil War?
His taxation without Parliamentary approval
Dissolving Parliament multiple times
Instituting the Anglican Prayer Book in Scotland
All of the above
21
The St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572) was primarily directed against:
French Huguenots
Dutch Calvinists
English Puritans
The St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572) was primarily directed against:
22
The Defenestration of Prague (1618) was a key event that:
Started the Thirty Years’ War
Reformed the Holy Roman Empire
Ended the Counter-Reformation
Sparked the English Civil War
23
The Columbian Exchange had a significant impact on Europe by introducing:
Spices and silk
Potatoes, tomatoes, and maize
Horses and cattle
Coffee and sugar
24
The Spanish encomienda system:
Promoted joint-stock companies
Encouraged the spread of Protestantism in the New World
Gave Spanish settlers land and the labor of Indigenous people
Established free trade across the Atlantic
25
Martin Luther’s main argument in the 95 Theses was against:
The translation of the Bible into vernacular languages
The power of kings over the Church
The practice of clerical marriage
The selling of indulgences
26
The Glorious Revolution (1688) resulted in:
The dissolution of the Anglican Church
The removal of Parliament’s authority
The restoration of Catholicism in England
The establishment of a constitutional monarchy
27
The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494):
Created the Atlantic slave trade
Divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal
Allowed for the colonization of Africa
Established peace between Spain and Portugal
28
Absolutism is a political system in which:
The monarch rules with the consent of the people
Power is distributed among nobles, clergy, and the monarch
Power is divided between the king and the parliament
Monarchs claim sole and uncontested authority over the state
29
The Columbian Exchange refers to the transfer of:
Goods, ideas, people, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds
Colonies between European empires
Technologies between Europe and Asia
Trade routes in the Atlantic Ocean
30
The primary motivation for French involvement in the Thirty Years' War was:
To support Protestantism
To colonize the Americas
To check Habsburg power and dominance
Religious unity in Europe
31
A significant consequence of the Columbian Exchange on the Americas was:
Industrialization
Religious conversion to Protestantism
The introduction of new farming techniques
A decline in Indigenous populations due to European diseases
32
Who is known for his advocacy of deism, the belief in a rational God but not one involved in human affairs?
Thomas Hobbes
Voltaire
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Immanuel Kant
33
The Encyclopédie, edited by Denis Diderot, was significant because it:
Promoted atheism and anti-religious sentiment
Advocated for divine right monarchy
Compiled knowledge from various fields, supporting rationalism
Focused solely on the study of science
34
Which of the following was a consequence of the Treaty of Utrecht (1713)?
The Spanish crown was kept separate from the French monarchy
France gained control of Spain
England became a republic
The Holy Roman Empire was abolished
35
The Peace of Utrecht (1713) established:
Dutch control of Austria
A balance of power by limiting France’s expansion
The unification of France and England
The dominance of Spain in Europe
36
Baroque art differed from Renaissance art in its emphasis on:
Religious skepticism
Harmony and proportion
Classical themes
Drama and movement
37
Which of the following was an idea promoted by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations?
The necessity of government control over all industries
The establishment of state-run monopolies
The abolition of private property
The idea of a free market economy based on competition and self-interest
38
Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws proposed:
The separation of powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches
The establishment of theocracy
That all governments should be absolute monarchies
The abolition of all laws
39
The Baroque style in art and architecture was encouraged by the Catholic Church to:
Inspire emotional and spiritual devotion
Promote simplicity and austerity
Display royal power
Emphasize individualism
40
Who is known for the discovery that planets move in elliptical orbits around the Sun?
Galileo Galilei
Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Isaac Newton
41
The English Civil War (1642–1651) was primarily a conflict between:
England and Scotland
Monarchs and foreign powers
Catholics and Protestants
Parliamentarians and Royalists
42
The financial system in the Dutch Republic was advanced due to:
The invention of the printing press
The establishment of the Bank of Amsterdam and stock exchange
Increased reliance on agriculture
Direct control by the Spanish crown
43
What did the Act of Supremacy (1534) declare?
The supremacy of the English monarch over the Church of England
The return of Catholicism in England
The need for religious tolerance in England
The independence of the Anglican Church
44
The Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 established:
The right to a fair trial and protection against imprisonment
Complete religious freedom in England
The right of the king to dissolve Parliament at will
The authority of Parliament over the monarchy
45
The Council of Trent (1545–1563) was significant because it:
Rejected all Protestant doctrines
Ended the Inquisition
Reaffirmed key Catholic beliefs and reformed Church practices
Advocated for the separation of church and state
46
The Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that:
The state should provide total control over individual lives
People should surrender their rights to the monarch
Society should be organized by religious principles
Political authority rests with the people, who create a collective will
